Kishu mikan: Difference between revisions
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{{About|the mandarin orange variety|African cherry oranges|Citropsis}} |
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{{Advertisement|date=July 2017}} |
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[[File:CherryOrange.compare.png|thumb|right|Cherry Orange compared with [[orange (fruit)|real oranges]].]] |
[[File:CherryOrange.compare.png|thumb|right|Cherry Orange compared with [[orange (fruit)|real oranges]].]] |
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'''Cherry |
'''Cherry orange''' (''Citrus kinokuni'' ex [[Chōzaburō Tanaka|Tanaka]]) is a hybrid variety of [[Mandarin orange]] (''Citrus reticulata'') found in Southern [[China]] and also grown in [[Japan]] where it is known as '''Mukaku-Kishu'''.<ref>[http://sciencelinks.jp/j-east/display.php?id=000020021602A0562499 http://sciencelinks.jp]{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> It is not closely related to the [[orange (fruit)|common orange]]. |
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The fruit is also known as ''Baby [[Mandarin orange|Mandarin]]'', ''Tiny [[Tangerine]]'', ''Mini Mandarin'' and ''Kishu Mandarin''. |
The fruit is also known as ''Baby [[Mandarin orange|Mandarin]]'', ''Tiny [[Tangerine]]'', ''Mini Mandarin'' and ''Kishu Mandarin''. It is shaped like an orange, between 25 and 50 mm in diameter. The fruit's orange skin is thin and smooth. It is almost seedless, tender, sweet and juicy. |
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== History == |
== History == |
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[[File:CherryOrange-harvest.jpg|thumb|Harvest of the Cherry Orange, Mukaku-Kishu [[mandarin orange|mandarin]].]] |
[[File:CherryOrange-harvest.jpg|thumb|Harvest of the Cherry Orange, Mukaku-Kishu [[mandarin orange|mandarin]].]] |
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The fruit is thought to have arisen in Southern China, where its name was recorded in the records of Jianchang during the [[Ming Dynasty]], and its agricultural growth is widespread in Jiangxi province. Japanese oranges were cultivated from the cherry orange about 700 years ago.{{Citation needed}} Genetic studies have found it to be closely related to the Huanglingmiao mandarin, carrying the same [[pomelo]] (''Citrus maxima'') [[introgression]], indicating that the two diverged from the same backcrossed domesticated ancestor.<ref name="Talon">{{cite journal|title=Genomics of the origin and evolution of ''Citrus'' | last1=Wu | first1=Guohong Albert | last2=Terol | first2=Javier | last3=Ibanez | first3=Victoria | last4=López-García | first4=Antonio | last5=Pérez-Román | first5=Estela | last6=Borredá | first6=Carles | last7=Domingo | first7=Concha | last8=Tadeo | first8=Francisco R | last9=Carbonell-Caballero | first9=Jose | last10=Alonso | first10=Roberto | last11=Curk | first11=Franck | last12=Du | first12=Dongliang | last13=Ollitrault | first13=Patrick | last14=Roose | first14=Mikeal L. Roose | last15=Dopazo | first15=Joaquin | last16=Gmitter Jr | first16=Frederick G. | last17=Rokhsar | first17=Daniel | last18=Talon | first18=Manuel | journal=Nature | year = 2018 | doi=10.1038/nature25447}} and Supplement</ref> Under the [[Citrus taxonomy#Citrus naming systems|Tanaka system]] of citrus taxonomy, it is a separate species, ''Citrus kinokuni'', while the [[Citrus taxonomy#Citrus naming systems|Swingle system]] groups it with other pure and hybrid mandarins as a single species, ''Citrus reticulata''. |
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The fruit first developed naturally in a wild and exotic forest of Southern China where the quality of water and soil is excellent. Man began cultivating it 1300 years ago,<ref>http://baike.baidu.com/subview/20224/19672782.htm</ref> with references to its cultivation in literature. It is said to have been a fruit produced solely for the Chinese royalty. As the fruit production was mainly for the preserve of Emperors and other gentry, its existence was little known outside of Asia. |
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The name was officially written into Government Records of Jianchang in Ming Dynasty. According to Japanese experts, Japanese oranges were cultivated from the Cherry Orange about 700 years ago. This indicates that Cherry Orange has been famous both domestically home and abroad for some 700 years. Modern fruit tree experts believe that Cherry Orange is a genuine ancestor of modern mandarin related fruits because of its superior quality over other varieties and widespread planting in Jiangxi province. |
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[[File:CherryOrange-Schaaltje.jpg|thumb|A Cherry Orange, Mukaku-Kishu [[mandarin orange|mandarin]] in packing.]] |
[[File:CherryOrange-Schaaltje.jpg|thumb|A Cherry Orange, Mukaku-Kishu [[mandarin orange|mandarin]] in packing.]] |
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[[File:CherryOrange.pilled.png|thumb|upright|Cherry Orange]] |
[[File:CherryOrange.pilled.png|thumb|upright|Cherry Orange]] |
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[[File:CherryOrange.barquette.png|thumb|[[Punnet]]]] |
[[File:CherryOrange.barquette.png|thumb|[[Punnet]]]] |
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The Chinese government recently ranked the fruit as one of the best fruits in China.{{Citation needed|reason=is this attested in the Chinese document cited below? a brief translation/summary would be helpful|date=December 2016}} |
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The cultivar was developed for commercial production starting in 1983 at the University of California Citrus Research Center, and the fruit is now commercially available at specialty markets throughout California.<ref>{{cite web|title=kishu|url=http://www.citrusvariety.ucr.edu/citrus/kishu.html|website=University of California Riverside Citrus Variety Collection}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|title=Kishu Tangerine|url=http://www.specialtyproduce.com/produce/Kishu_Tangerines_6679.php|website=www.specialtyproduce.com}}</ref> |
The cultivar was developed for commercial production starting in 1983 at the University of California Citrus Research Center, and the fruit is now commercially available at specialty markets throughout California.<ref>{{cite web|title=kishu|url=http://www.citrusvariety.ucr.edu/citrus/kishu.html|website=University of California Riverside Citrus Variety Collection}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|title=Kishu Tangerine|url=http://www.specialtyproduce.com/produce/Kishu_Tangerines_6679.php|website=www.specialtyproduce.com}}</ref> |
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Revision as of 01:08, 19 March 2018
Cherry orange (Citrus kinokuni ex Tanaka) is a hybrid variety of Mandarin orange (Citrus reticulata) found in Southern China and also grown in Japan where it is known as Mukaku-Kishu.[1] It is not closely related to the common orange.
The fruit is also known as Baby Mandarin, Tiny Tangerine, Mini Mandarin and Kishu Mandarin. It is shaped like an orange, between 25 and 50 mm in diameter. The fruit's orange skin is thin and smooth. It is almost seedless, tender, sweet and juicy.
History
The fruit is thought to have arisen in Southern China, where its name was recorded in the records of Jianchang during the Ming Dynasty, and its agricultural growth is widespread in Jiangxi province. Japanese oranges were cultivated from the cherry orange about 700 years ago.[citation needed] Genetic studies have found it to be closely related to the Huanglingmiao mandarin, carrying the same pomelo (Citrus maxima) introgression, indicating that the two diverged from the same backcrossed domesticated ancestor.[2] Under the Tanaka system of citrus taxonomy, it is a separate species, Citrus kinokuni, while the Swingle system groups it with other pure and hybrid mandarins as a single species, Citrus reticulata.
The Chinese government recently ranked the fruit as one of the best fruits in China.[citation needed]
The cultivar was developed for commercial production starting in 1983 at the University of California Citrus Research Center, and the fruit is now commercially available at specialty markets throughout California.[3] [4]
The fruit was made available in Europe in 2006. It was first imported by Uniagro, and it is now distributed throughout Europe.
It is typically packed into small packs or punnets and sold in several well-known supermarkets for household consumption.
Taste
The fruit is very sweet and offers a high percentage of vitamin C. The fruit is enveloped in a thin skin (0,11 cm) and has 7–19 sections. They are primarily seedless.
Cultivation
The trees (which are typical in size and shape to other citrus variety trees)are treated with fully organic fertilizer. They produce beautiful flowers which bloom in April. The fruit only grow to a size of 25–45 mm and are harvested every November. Each tree produces about 40 kilograms of fruit per year. The fruit are handled with great care to protect the fruit epidermis from being damaged.
Peeling method
A fruit is peeled by taking it in both hands with thumb nails at the top and gently breaking it in two. Then the skin is peeled away.
See also
References
- ^ http://sciencelinks.jp[permanent dead link]
- ^ Wu, Guohong Albert; Terol, Javier; Ibanez, Victoria; López-García, Antonio; Pérez-Román, Estela; Borredá, Carles; Domingo, Concha; Tadeo, Francisco R; Carbonell-Caballero, Jose; Alonso, Roberto; Curk, Franck; Du, Dongliang; Ollitrault, Patrick; Roose, Mikeal L. Roose; Dopazo, Joaquin; Gmitter Jr, Frederick G.; Rokhsar, Daniel; Talon, Manuel (2018). "Genomics of the origin and evolution of Citrus". Nature. doi:10.1038/nature25447. and Supplement
- ^ "kishu". University of California Riverside Citrus Variety Collection.
- ^ "Kishu Tangerine". www.specialtyproduce.com.
