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==Distribution and habitat==
==Distribution and habitat==
[[File:Cepaea-vindobonensis-map-eur-nm-moll.jpg|left|thumb|Distribution of ''C. vindobonensis'' in Europa (modified after Welter-Schultes<ref name="Welter-Schultes"/>)]]The distribution of this species is [[Black Sea|Pontic]], [[Pannonian Plain|Pannonian]] and [[Balkans|Balkanian]].<ref>{{sk icon}} Lisický M. J. (1991). [https://archive.org/details/MolluscaSlovenska ''Mollusca Slovenska''] [The Slovak molluscs]. VEDA vydavateľstvo [[Slovak Academy of Sciences|Slovenskej akadémie vied]], Bratislava, 344 pp.</ref><ref name="Kajtoch">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kajtoch Ł, Davison A, Grindon A, Deli T, Sramkó G, Gwardjan M, Kramarenko S, Mierzwa-Szymkowiak D, Ruta R, Ścibior R, Tóth JP, Wade C, Kolasa M, Egorov EV, Fehér Z|year=2017 |title=Reconstructed historical distribution and phylogeography unravels non-steppic origin of Caucasotachea vindobonensis(Gastropoda: Helicidae) |journal=Organisms Diversity and Evolution |volume=17 |pages=679–692 |doi=10.1007/s13127-017-0337-3}</ref>
[[File:Cepaea-vindobonensis-map-eur-nm-moll.jpg|left|thumb|Distribution of ''C. vindobonensis'' in Europa (modified after Welter-Schultes<ref name="Welter-Schultes"/>)]]The distribution of this species is [[Black Sea|Pontic]], [[Pannonian Plain|Pannonian]] and [[Balkans|Balkanian]].<ref>{{sk icon}} Lisický M. J. (1991). [https://archive.org/details/MolluscaSlovenska ''Mollusca Slovenska''] [The Slovak molluscs]. VEDA vydavateľstvo [[Slovak Academy of Sciences|Slovenskej akadémie vied]], Bratislava, 344 pp.</ref><ref name="Kajtoch">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kajtoch Ł, Davison A, Grindon A, Deli T, Sramkó G, Gwardjan M, Kramarenko S, Mierzwa-Szymkowiak D, Ruta R, Ścibior R, Tóth JP, Wade C, Kolasa M, Egorov EV, Fehér Z | display-authors = 6 |year=2017 |title=Reconstructed historical distribution and phylogeography unravels non-steppic origin of Caucasotachea vindobonensis(Gastropoda: Helicidae) |journal=Organisms Diversity and Evolution |volume=17 |pages=679–692 |doi=10.1007/s13127-017-0337-3}}</ref>
It occurs in Albania<ref name="IUCN 2011"/>, [[List of non-marine molluscs of Austria|Austria]]<ref name="IUCN 2011"/>, [[List of non-marine molluscs of Bulgaria|Bulgaria]], Bosnia and Herzegovina<ref name="IUCN 2011"/>, Croatia<ref name="IUCN 2011"/>, [[List of non-marine molluscs of the Czech Republic|Czech Republic]]<ref name="IUCN 2011"/> (near threatened (NT)<ref>Red List of the molluscs (Mollusca) of the Czech Republic http://mollusca.sav.sk/malacology/redlist.htm</ref> Its westernmost, but non-indigenous, record is from Western Bohemia.<ref>{{cs icon}} Dvořák L. & Hlaváč J. Č. (2013). "Páskovka ''Cepaea vindobonensis'' (Pulmonata: Helicidae) v západních Čechách. [The snail ''Cepaea vindobonensis'' (Pulmonata: Helicidae) in West Bohemia]". ''[[Malacologica Bohemoslovaca]]'' '''12''': 99-104. [http://mollusca.sav.sk/pdf/12/12.Dvorak.pdf PDF]).</ref>), Germany ([[reintroduction of a species|reintroduced]]<ref name="IUCN 2011"/>), Greece<ref name="IUCN 2011"/>), [[List of non-marine molluscs of Hungary|Hungary]]<ref name="IUCN 2011"/>, Italy<ref name="IUCN 2011"/>, Latvia<ref>[http://eeb.lu.lv/EEB/2008/Stalazs.pdf Arturs Stalažs, Jozef Šteffek, Edgars Dreijers: Cepaea vindobonensis (C. Pfeiffer, 1828) in Latvia. Acta Universitatis Latviensis, 745: 199-203, 2008]</ref>, Macedonia<ref name="IUCN 2011"/>, Moldova<ref name="IUCN 2011"/>, [[List of non-marine molluscs of Poland|Poland]]<ref name="IUCN 2011"/>, Romania<ref name="IUCN 2011"/>, [[List of non-marine molluscs of Slovakia|Slovakia]]<ref name="IUCN 2011"/>, Slovenia<ref name="IUCN 2011"/>, Russia (Rostov Oblast, Stavropol Krai, Krasnodar Krai, Moscow Region - non-indigenous distribution<ref>Egorov R. (2014). "The first record of ''Cepaea vindobonensis'' (Pfeiffer, 1828) (Stylommatophora: Helicidae) in the central part of European Russia". ''[[Malacologica Bohemoslovaca]]'' '''13''': 110-113. [http://mollusca.sav.sk/pdf/13/13.Egorov.pdf PDF].</ref>) and [[List of non-marine molluscs of Ukraine|Ukraine]]<ref name=" Balashov">Balashov I. & Gural-Sverlova N. (2012). "An annotated checklist of the terrestrial molluscs of Ukraine". ''[[Journal of Conchology]]'' '''41'''(1): 91-109.</ref><ref name="IUCN 2011"/>
It occurs in Albania<ref name="IUCN 2011"/>, [[List of non-marine molluscs of Austria|Austria]]<ref name="IUCN 2011"/>, [[List of non-marine molluscs of Bulgaria|Bulgaria]], Bosnia and Herzegovina<ref name="IUCN 2011"/>, Croatia<ref name="IUCN 2011"/>, [[List of non-marine molluscs of the Czech Republic|Czech Republic]]<ref name="IUCN 2011"/> (near threatened (NT)<ref>Red List of the molluscs (Mollusca) of the Czech Republic http://mollusca.sav.sk/malacology/redlist.htm</ref> Its westernmost, but non-indigenous, record is from Western Bohemia.<ref>{{cs icon}} Dvořák L. & Hlaváč J. Č. (2013). "Páskovka ''Cepaea vindobonensis'' (Pulmonata: Helicidae) v západních Čechách. [The snail ''Cepaea vindobonensis'' (Pulmonata: Helicidae) in West Bohemia]". ''[[Malacologica Bohemoslovaca]]'' '''12''': 99-104. [http://mollusca.sav.sk/pdf/12/12.Dvorak.pdf PDF]).</ref>), Germany ([[reintroduction of a species|reintroduced]]<ref name="IUCN 2011"/>), Greece<ref name="IUCN 2011"/>), [[List of non-marine molluscs of Hungary|Hungary]]<ref name="IUCN 2011"/>, Italy<ref name="IUCN 2011"/>, Latvia<ref>[http://eeb.lu.lv/EEB/2008/Stalazs.pdf Arturs Stalažs, Jozef Šteffek, Edgars Dreijers: Cepaea vindobonensis (C. Pfeiffer, 1828) in Latvia. Acta Universitatis Latviensis, 745: 199-203, 2008]</ref>, Macedonia<ref name="IUCN 2011"/>, Moldova<ref name="IUCN 2011"/>, [[List of non-marine molluscs of Poland|Poland]]<ref name="IUCN 2011"/>, Romania<ref name="IUCN 2011"/>, [[List of non-marine molluscs of Slovakia|Slovakia]]<ref name="IUCN 2011"/>, Slovenia<ref name="IUCN 2011"/>, Russia (Rostov Oblast, Stavropol Krai, Krasnodar Krai, Moscow Region - non-indigenous distribution<ref>Egorov R. (2014). "The first record of ''Cepaea vindobonensis'' (Pfeiffer, 1828) (Stylommatophora: Helicidae) in the central part of European Russia". ''[[Malacologica Bohemoslovaca]]'' '''13''': 110-113. [http://mollusca.sav.sk/pdf/13/13.Egorov.pdf PDF].</ref>) and [[List of non-marine molluscs of Ukraine|Ukraine]]<ref name=" Balashov">Balashov I. & Gural-Sverlova N. (2012). "An annotated checklist of the terrestrial molluscs of Ukraine". ''[[Journal of Conchology]]'' '''41'''(1): 91-109.</ref><ref name="IUCN 2011"/>


Revision as of 15:54, 3 March 2019

Caucasotachea vindobonensis
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Mollusca
Class:
Gastropoda
(unranked):
clade Heterobranchia

clade Euthyneura
clade Panpulmonata
clade Eupulmonata
clade Stylommatophora

informal group Sigmurethra
Superfamily:
Helicoidea
Family:
Helicidae
Genus:
Caucasotachea
Species:
C. vindobonensis
Binomial name
Caucasotachea vindobonensis
(C. Pfeiffer, 1828)[2]

Caucasotachea vindobonensis is a species of medium-sized air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod in the family Helicidae.

Caucasotachea vindobonensis photographed in Mödling, near Vienna

The scientific name is derived from the Celtic settlement Vindobona, now known as Vienna, the capital of Austria. This species was assigned to the genus Cepaea for a long time. However, molecular biologist research[3][4] showed, that it is not closely related to Cepaea, but belongs in fact to the genus Caucasotachea[5].

Description

The right-coiled, globular shell of C. vindobonensis is about 17-21 mm high and 20-25 mm broad with 5,5-6 whorls[6]. The umbilicus is completely covered in adult specimens. The lip is always red-brown at the inner and outer side with a fine white stripe at its margin. This specific lip coloration allows to separate it from the conchological similar Cepaea hortensis (pure white lip) and Cepaea nemoralis (consistent dark brown lip), with which C. vindobonensis often co-occurs. The shell is whitish or yellowish, with about 5 brown stripes, the upper two are usually weak. The lowermost stripe is quite near to the covered umbilicus. There is a slight variation of shell coulour within this species (see below). The animal itself is yellowish with grey tentacles.

Examples of shell variation within C. vindobonensis:

Distribution and habitat

Distribution of C. vindobonensis in Europa (modified after Welter-Schultes[6])

The distribution of this species is Pontic, Pannonian and Balkanian.[7][8]

It occurs in Albania[1], Austria[1], Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina[1], Croatia[1], Czech Republic[1] (near threatened (NT)[9] Its westernmost, but non-indigenous, record is from Western Bohemia.[10]), Germany (reintroduced[1]), Greece[1]), Hungary[1], Italy[1], Latvia[11], Macedonia[1], Moldova[1], Poland[1], Romania[1], Slovakia[1], Slovenia[1], Russia (Rostov Oblast, Stavropol Krai, Krasnodar Krai, Moscow Region - non-indigenous distribution[12]) and Ukraine[13][1]

The original habitat of C. vindobonensis was most probably open forests on the Balkans, from where it spead over large parts of Central and Eastern Europe after the last glaciation.[8] Nevertheless it dwells also several grassland habitats like meadows, steppe and ruderal areas, especially in the north of its distribution area. The highest vertical occurrence is about 1600 m asl in Southern Bulgaria.[6]

Life cycle

All following informations originate from a greek study [14] in the south of the distribution area, therefore phenology might differ in more northern counries, According to this study, C. vindobonensis becomes mature after its second year. It reaches a maximum life span for about 7 xears. The reproductive period lasts from April to June with a maximum in Mai. About 29-67 eggs with a diameter about 3mm, the juveniles hatch after 18 days. During hot summer days the animals rest attached to leaves or stems of tall plants. Hibernation starts at the end of October to the beginning of November and ends in March.


References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Neubert E. (2011). "Cepaea vindobonensis". In: IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 26 May 2014.
  2. ^ Pfeiffer C. (1828). Naturgeschichte deutscher Land- und Süsswasser-Mollusken. Dritte Abtheilung. pp. I-VI [= 1-6], 1-84, Taf. I-VIII [= 1-8]. Weimar. (Landes-Industrie-Comptoir).
  3. ^ Marco T. Neiber, Bernhard Hausdorf: Molecular phylogeny reveals the polyphyly of the snail genus Cepaea (Gastropoda: Helicidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 93: 143–149, 2015 doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2015.07.022
  4. ^ Marco T. Neiber, Christina Sagorny, Bernhard Hausdorf: Increasing the number of molecular markers resolves the phylogenetic relationship of ‘Cepaea’ vindobonensis (Pfeiffer 1828) with Caucasotachea Boettger 1909 (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Helicidae). Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 54(1): 40-45, 2016 doi:10.1111/jzs.12116
  5. ^ WoRMS taxon details: Caucasotachea vindobonensis (c. Pfeiffer, 1828). Downloaded on Jan. 16th, 2019
  6. ^ a b c Francisco W. Welter-Schultes: European non-marine molluscs, a guide for species identification = Bestimmungsbuch für europäische Land- und Süsswassermollusken. A1-A3 S., 679 S., Q1-Q78 S., Göttingen, Planet Poster Ed., 2012 ISBN 3-933922-75-5, ISBN 978-3-933922-75-5 (S. 368)
  7. ^ Template:Sk icon Lisický M. J. (1991). Mollusca Slovenska [The Slovak molluscs]. VEDA vydavateľstvo Slovenskej akadémie vied, Bratislava, 344 pp.
  8. ^ a b Kajtoch Ł, Davison A, Grindon A, Deli T, Sramkó G, Gwardjan M, et al. (2017). "Reconstructed historical distribution and phylogeography unravels non-steppic origin of Caucasotachea vindobonensis(Gastropoda: Helicidae)". Organisms Diversity and Evolution. 17: 679–692. doi:10.1007/s13127-017-0337-3.
  9. ^ Red List of the molluscs (Mollusca) of the Czech Republic http://mollusca.sav.sk/malacology/redlist.htm
  10. ^ Template:Cs icon Dvořák L. & Hlaváč J. Č. (2013). "Páskovka Cepaea vindobonensis (Pulmonata: Helicidae) v západních Čechách. [The snail Cepaea vindobonensis (Pulmonata: Helicidae) in West Bohemia]". Malacologica Bohemoslovaca 12: 99-104. PDF).
  11. ^ Arturs Stalažs, Jozef Šteffek, Edgars Dreijers: Cepaea vindobonensis (C. Pfeiffer, 1828) in Latvia. Acta Universitatis Latviensis, 745: 199-203, 2008
  12. ^ Egorov R. (2014). "The first record of Cepaea vindobonensis (Pfeiffer, 1828) (Stylommatophora: Helicidae) in the central part of European Russia". Malacologica Bohemoslovaca 13: 110-113. PDF.
  13. ^ Balashov I. & Gural-Sverlova N. (2012). "An annotated checklist of the terrestrial molluscs of Ukraine". Journal of Conchology 41(1): 91-109.
  14. ^ Staikou AE: Aspects of life cycle, population dynamics, growth and secondary production of the pulmonate snail Cepaea vindobonensis (Férussac, 1821) in northern Greece. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 64(3): 297-308, 1998 doi:10.1093/mollus/64.3.297

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