Lente insulin: Difference between revisions
Berchanhimez (talk | contribs) ultralente has a stub article, I'm making a stub for lente in the hopes that COVID is going to give me some time to add to both of these historically important insulins. Tag: Removed redirect |
Berchanhimez (talk | contribs) more information slowly as I can. |
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'''Lente insulin''' was an intermediate duration [[insulin]] that is no longer used in humans.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Holmberg |first1=Monica |title=An Overview of Insulin Breakthroughs |url=https://www.pharmacytimes.com/publications/issue/2006/2006-10/2006-10-5917 |accessdate=11 May 2020 |work=Pharmacy Times |volume=2006 |issue=10 |publisher=Pharmacy & Healthcare Communications |date=1 October 2006}}</ref> The onset of lente insulin is 1-2 hours after the dose is administered, and the effects can last up to 8-12 hours. <ref>{{cite journal |last1=Owens |first1=David R. |title=Insulin Preparations with Prolonged Effect |journal=Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics |date=June 2011 |volume=13 |issue=S1 |pages=S-5–S-14 |doi=10.1089/dia.2011.0068}}</ref> Lente insulin, along with other insulin analogs in the same family, was discontinued by it's manufacturer, [[Eli Lilly and Company]], in the mid 2000s. This was in part because many doctors began to favor more predictable forms of insulin such as [[NPH insulin]].<ref>{{webarchive|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20111201191644/http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/DrugSafety/DrugShortages/ucm086084.pdf|date=1 December 2011|title=Discontinuation of Humulin®U ULTRALENTE}}</ref> |
'''Lente insulin''' was an intermediate duration [[insulin]] that is no longer used in humans.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Holmberg |first1=Monica |title=An Overview of Insulin Breakthroughs |url=https://www.pharmacytimes.com/publications/issue/2006/2006-10/2006-10-5917 |accessdate=11 May 2020 |work=Pharmacy Times |volume=2006 |issue=10 |publisher=Pharmacy & Healthcare Communications |date=1 October 2006}}</ref> The onset of lente insulin is 1-2 hours after the dose is administered, and the effects can last up to 8-12 hours. <ref>{{cite journal |last1=Owens |first1=David R. |title=Insulin Preparations with Prolonged Effect |journal=Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics |date=June 2011 |volume=13 |issue=S1 |pages=S-5–S-14 |doi=10.1089/dia.2011.0068}}</ref> Lente insulin, along with other insulin analogs in the same family, was discontinued by it's manufacturer, [[Eli Lilly and Company]], in the mid 2000s. This was in part because many doctors began to favor more predictable forms of insulin such as [[NPH insulin]].<ref>{{webarchive|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20111201191644/http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/DrugSafety/DrugShortages/ucm086084.pdf|date=1 December 2011|title=Discontinuation of Humulin®U ULTRALENTE}}</ref> |
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==History== |
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Lente insulin arose from research into ways to alter the [[pharmacokinetics]] of bovine or porcine insulin products. Prior to the late 1940s, insulin products were derived from pork or beef sources, and then used virtually unaltered as "short-acting" insulin products. It was known by 1950 that the addition of protamine or zinc could alter the duration of action of these insulin products, and in 1952, K. Hallas-Møller at [[Novo Nordisk]] produced the first commercial insulin zinc suspension for use in humans.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hallas-Møller |first1=K. |last2=Petersen |first2=K. |last3=Schlichtkrull |first3=J. |title=Crystalline and Amorphous Insulin-Zinc Compounds with Prolonged Action |journal=Science |date=1952 |volume=116 |issue=3015 |pages=394–398 |url=www.jstor.org/stable/1680777 |accessdate=11 May 2020 |issn=0036-8075}}</ref> For decades, insulin lente was used as a basal insulin, designed to mimic the body's continual slow release of insulin throughout the day. Compared to NPH insulin, lente insulin has a similar but more protracted loss of action after a dose is administered.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Deckert |first1=T. |title=Intermediate-acting Insulin Preparations: NPH and Lente |journal=Diabetes Care |date=1 September 1980 |volume=3 |issue=5 |pages=623–626 |doi=10.2337/diacare.3.5.623}}</ref> |
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Lente insulin began to fall out of favor with doctors in the early 2000s, when insulin analogues such as glargine were approved. Insulin analogues made by [[recombinant DNA]] production methods are much less variable in their strength and purity. Furthermore, while lente insulin (and NPH) have a definitive peak in effect, insulin analogs have a much less pronounced peak making for more predictable effects and less chance of [[hypoglycemia]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Horvath |first1=Karl |last2=Jeitler |first2=Klaus |last3=Berghold |first3=Andrea |last4=Ebrahim |first4=Susanne H |last5=Gratzer |first5=Thomas W |last6=Plank |first6=Johannes |last7=Kaiser |first7=Thomas |last8=Pieber |first8=Thomas R |last9=Siebenhofer |first9=Andrea |title=Long-acting insulin analogues versus NPH insulin (human isophane insulin) for type 2 diabetes mellitus |journal=Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |date=18 April 2007 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD005613.pub3}}</ref> |
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==Veterinary use== |
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After the discontinuation of lente insulin for human use, the FDA approved a veterinary porcine-derived lente insulin (Vetsulin, [[Merck Animal Health]]) for daily use in dogs or twice daily use in cats. [[Insulin analogs]] used in humans after the discontinuation of lente insulin do not provide the same benefits and predictability as lente insulin in cats and dogs.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Behrend |first1=Ellen |last2=Holford |first2=Amy |last3=Lathan |first3=Patty |last4=Rucinsky |first4=Renee |last5=Schulman |first5=Rhonda |title=2018 AAHA Diabetes Management Guidelines for Dogs and Cats |journal=Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association |date=January 2018 |volume=54 |issue=1 |pages=4-6 |doi=10.5326/JAAHA-MS-6822}}</ref> |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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Revision as of 18:57, 11 May 2020
Lente insulin was an intermediate duration insulin that is no longer used in humans.[1] The onset of lente insulin is 1-2 hours after the dose is administered, and the effects can last up to 8-12 hours. [2] Lente insulin, along with other insulin analogs in the same family, was discontinued by it's manufacturer, Eli Lilly and Company, in the mid 2000s. This was in part because many doctors began to favor more predictable forms of insulin such as NPH insulin.[3]
History
Lente insulin arose from research into ways to alter the pharmacokinetics of bovine or porcine insulin products. Prior to the late 1940s, insulin products were derived from pork or beef sources, and then used virtually unaltered as "short-acting" insulin products. It was known by 1950 that the addition of protamine or zinc could alter the duration of action of these insulin products, and in 1952, K. Hallas-Møller at Novo Nordisk produced the first commercial insulin zinc suspension for use in humans.[4] For decades, insulin lente was used as a basal insulin, designed to mimic the body's continual slow release of insulin throughout the day. Compared to NPH insulin, lente insulin has a similar but more protracted loss of action after a dose is administered.[5]
Lente insulin began to fall out of favor with doctors in the early 2000s, when insulin analogues such as glargine were approved. Insulin analogues made by recombinant DNA production methods are much less variable in their strength and purity. Furthermore, while lente insulin (and NPH) have a definitive peak in effect, insulin analogs have a much less pronounced peak making for more predictable effects and less chance of hypoglycemia.[6]
Veterinary use
After the discontinuation of lente insulin for human use, the FDA approved a veterinary porcine-derived lente insulin (Vetsulin, Merck Animal Health) for daily use in dogs or twice daily use in cats. Insulin analogs used in humans after the discontinuation of lente insulin do not provide the same benefits and predictability as lente insulin in cats and dogs.[7]
References
- ^ Holmberg, Monica (1 October 2006). "An Overview of Insulin Breakthroughs". Pharmacy Times. Vol. 2006, no. 10. Pharmacy & Healthcare Communications. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
- ^ Owens, David R. (June 2011). "Insulin Preparations with Prolonged Effect". Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics. 13 (S1): S-5–S-14. doi:10.1089/dia.2011.0068.
- ^ Discontinuation of Humulin®U ULTRALENTE at the Wayback Machine (archived 1 December 2011)
- ^ Hallas-Møller, K.; Petersen, K.; Schlichtkrull, J. (1952). [www.jstor.org/stable/1680777 "Crystalline and Amorphous Insulin-Zinc Compounds with Prolonged Action"]. Science. 116 (3015): 394–398. ISSN 0036-8075. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
{{cite journal}}: Check|url=value (help) - ^ Deckert, T. (1 September 1980). "Intermediate-acting Insulin Preparations: NPH and Lente". Diabetes Care. 3 (5): 623–626. doi:10.2337/diacare.3.5.623.
- ^ Horvath, Karl; Jeitler, Klaus; Berghold, Andrea; Ebrahim, Susanne H; Gratzer, Thomas W; Plank, Johannes; Kaiser, Thomas; Pieber, Thomas R; Siebenhofer, Andrea (18 April 2007). "Long-acting insulin analogues versus NPH insulin (human isophane insulin) for type 2 diabetes mellitus". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005613.pub3.
- ^ Behrend, Ellen; Holford, Amy; Lathan, Patty; Rucinsky, Renee; Schulman, Rhonda (January 2018). "2018 AAHA Diabetes Management Guidelines for Dogs and Cats". Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association. 54 (1): 4–6. doi:10.5326/JAAHA-MS-6822.
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