Abortion in Finland
Abortion in Finland will soon be legal and free of charge upon request in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy, after the Finnish Parliament reformed existing laws in October 2022. By international standards, political controversy regarding abortion is mild, and incidence is low.
Abortions have been decreasing since the 1970's. In 2021, about 7 600 abortions were performed in Finland.[1]
Legal framework
On 26 October 2022 the Finnish Parliament voted by 125-41 to reform the 1970 abortion law. The reform is expected to enter into force in early 2023 and was initiated by a citizens' initiative which collected the required 50,000 signatures in 2020 for the issue to be dealt by lawmakers. According to the law, abortion shall be legal up to 12 weeks upon request with no restrictions. After the gestational limit of the first 12 weeks, the law allows pregnancy to be terminated at the pregnant woman's request if continuing the pregnancy or giving birth would endanger her health or life, for example due because of illness or disability.[2]
Prior to this, abortion laws in Finland were among the strictest in the European Union.[3] Approval for an abortion required signatures by one or two physicians, depending on the specifics of the patient's case, and in some cases additional permission from the National Supervisory Authority for Welfare and Health (Valvira).[4] Additionally, if a woman was impregnated as a result of rape, the pregnancy could not be terminated if charges had not been prosecuted against the alleged rapist. Therefore, officially, abortion was not legal upon request, though in reality any pregnant woman got an abortion if it was requested before the 12th week of pregnancy as the grounds for abortion were numerous.[5][6][7]
History
In Finland, abortion was illegal until 1950, when the Parliament of Finland legalized abortions to preserve the physical or mental health of the woman, if the woman was under 16, if the fetus might be deformed, or the woman had been raped.[8] Under pressure from the women's liberation movement and supportive editorials from most national newspapers, Finnish law was further liberalized in 1970.[9] The 1970 law allowed abortion up to 16 weeks of pregnancy for broad socioeconomic reasons, if the woman was younger than 17, if the woman was older than 40, if the woman had already had four children, or if at least one parent would be unable to raise the child owing to disease or mental disturbance.[10]
This time limit was lowered from 16 to 12 weeks in 1979.[11] The 1970 law also allowed abortion up to 20 weeks of pregnancy in the event of fetal deformity or physical threat to the woman's health. A 1985 bill allowed abortion up to 20 weeks of pregnancy for underage girls and up to the 24th week if an amniocentesis or ultrasound found serious impairment in the fetus.
In 2008, there were 10,423 abortions in Finland. There has been a gradual decrease in abortions over time, largely attributable to a decrease in the under 20 age group [12] As of 2010[update], the abortion rate was 10.4 abortions per 1000 women aged 15-44 years. [13]
Abortions are provided free-of-charge in public hospitals. It is illegal to perform abortions in private clinics, though doctors are empowered to provide abortions outside of hospitals in emergency circumstances. Illegal abortions remain very rare because, due to the generality of the conditions specified in the law, in practice, a woman can get an abortion under almost any circumstance.[14]
Political controversy since the 1970 law has been mild. Members of parliament from rightist parties, notably the Finns Party, periodically make statements decrying abortion as "immoral". Still, there has been no focused political campaign to significantly restrict abortion since legalization. In 2020 a citizens' initiative led by the Feminist Association with the aim of updating the law and allowing abortion on demand in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy has gathered over 50,000 signatures, the necessary threshold to compel the Parliament to consider the proposal.[15]
See also
References
- ^ "Raskaudenkeskeytystilastot - THL". Terveyden ja hyvinvoinnin laitos (in Finnish). Retrieved 2022-10-26.
- ^ "Finland's parliament approves reform to strict abortion laws". euronews. 2022-10-26. Retrieved 2022-10-26.
- ^ "Maailmalla kiristetään aborttilakeja – jos nämä asiat tapahtuisivat, saattaisi raskauden keskeytys hankaloitua Suomessakin". Yle Uutiset (in Finnish). 2022-06-07. Retrieved 2022-10-26.
- ^ "Raskauden keskeytykset, joihin Valviran lupaa ei tarvita - Valvira". Archived from the original on 2021-01-20. Retrieved 2016-01-11.
- ^ [1] (in Finnish)
- ^ "Raskauden keskeyttäminen - Valvira". Archived from the original on 2015-05-28.
- ^ "Abortion".
- ^ Pirkko Niemelä. 1988. "Finland." Pg. 152-69 in International Handbook on Abortion. Ed. Paul Sachdev. New York: Greenwood Press.
- ^ Helga Suutarinen. 1972. Vuoden 1970 aborttilaki sanomalehtien pääkirjoitukissa [The 1970 abortion law in newspaper editorials]. M.S. Thesis in Social Politics, University of Helsinki.
- ^ Pirkko Niemelä. 1988. "Finland." Pg. 152-69 in International Handbook on Abortion. Ed. Paul Sachdev. New York: Greenwood Press.
- ^ (in Finnish) Finnish Medical Society Duodecim. "Raskaudenkeskeytys." (August 20, 2001). Retrieved June 14, 2007.
- ^ (in Finnish) Terveyden ja Hyvinvoinnin Laitos ""Raskaudenkeskeytykset". Archived from the original on 2010-04-27. Retrieved 2010-03-22.." (November 23, 2009). Raskaudenkeskeytykset Retrieved March 22, 2010.
- ^ "World Abortion Policies 2013". United Nations. 2013. Retrieved 3 March 2014.
- ^ Europe's Abortion Laws. (February 12, 2007). BBC News. Retrieved June 14, 2007.
- ^ "Wide support for abortion law reform in Finland". Euractiv. 20 October 2020. Retrieved 25 June 2021.
