Istanbul Atatürk Airport

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Istanbul Atatürk Airport
İstanbul Atatürk Havalimanı
TAV ISTANBUL ATATURK.gif
Ataturk Airport overview Karakas.jpg
IATA: ISTICAO: LTBA
Summary
Airport type Public
Owner General Directorate of State Airports
Operator TAV Airports Holding
Serves Istanbul, Turkey
Location Yeşilköy
Hub for
Elevation AMSL 163 ft / 50 m
Coordinates 40°58′34″N 028°48′51″E / 40.97611°N 28.81417°E / 40.97611; 28.81417Coordinates: 40°58′34″N 028°48′51″E / 40.97611°N 28.81417°E / 40.97611; 28.81417
Website www.ataturkairport.com
Map
IST is located in Istanbul
IST
Location within Istanbul
Runways
Direction Length Surface
m ft
17L/35R 3,000 9,843 Concrete
17R/35L 3,000 9,843 Concrete
05/23 2,580 8,465 Grooved Asphalt
Statistics (2012)
Total passengers 44,998,508
International Passengers 29,717,196
Source: AIP Turkey[1]

Istanbul Atatürk Airport (IATA: ISTICAO: LTBA) (Turkish: İstanbul Atatürk Havalimanı) is the main international airport serving Istanbul, Turkey (followed by Sabiha Gökçen International Airport) and the biggest airport in Turkey for total passenger. Opened in 1924 and located in Yeşilköy, on the European side of the city, it is 24 km (15 mi) west[1] of the city centre. In 1980, the airport was renamed to Atatürk International Airport in honor of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder and the first president of the Republic of Turkey. With total passenger traffic of 45 millions for the year 2012, it was the 20th busiest airport in the world in terms of total passenger traffic and the 14th busiest in the world in terms of international passenger traffic, ranking just below Munich Airport. It was Europe's 6th busiest airport in 2012, just below Amsterdam and Madrid.[2][3]

Turkish Chamber of Civil Engineers lists Atatürk International Airport as one of the fifty civil engineering feats in Turkey, a list of remarkable engineering projects realized in the first 50 years of the chamber.[4]

In 2013 Air Transport News awards ceremony, İstanbul Atatürk Airport has been selected Airport of the Year.[5] Also the airport has been named Europe's Best Airport by 40-50 million passenger per year category in 2013 Skytrax World Airport Award.[6]

Contents

Access

There are several ways to travel between Atatürk International Airport and the city center.

  • Light Rail Service : Light rail service on the Istanbul LRT exists between Aksaray and Atatürk International Airport. The line goes through some major parts of the European side of the city; including the intercity bus terminal. The LRT takes the passengers to Aksaray in 30–35 minutes.[7] The approximate cost is 0.75 euros one-way.
  • Airport Shuttle Service : The shuttle services are operated by Havataş, which is one of the major ground handling companies within Turkey. The buses run half-hourly to Bakırköy, Yenikapı, Aksaray, Taksim Square. Also, there is a fast ferry terminal in Bakırköy which connects the terminal to Bostancı and Kadıköy. Havaş buses run between the airport and the fast ferry terminal according to the departures and arrivals of the ferries.[8]
  • Municipality Bus : Municipality buses also run to Taksim, Etiler and Kozyatağı. This is a slower but much cheaper alternative than Havataş.[9]
  • Car : The airport is accessible through the coastal road, D-100 international road and TEM (Trans-European Motorway).

Terminals

Entrance of the international terminal

Atatürk airport has four terminals:

  • Terminal 1, for domestic flights
  • Terminal 2, for international flights
  • Terminal 3, for cargo flights
  • General Aviation Terminal

Inaugurated in 2000, the new international terminal is an efficient and modern terminal. After the new terminal opened, domestic flights were moved to the old international terminal. Despite its 1960s design, this new domestic terminal can handle more passengers than the more modern but smaller previous domestic terminal.

The airport terminals have been operated by TAV (Tepe-Akfen-Ventures) since January 2000. TAV has invested US$600 million since 1998. In 2005 TAV won the concession agreement to operate Atatürk for 15.5 years at a record breaking amount of $4 billion, which also represents the highest figure for such a privatization project in Turkey, Eastern Europe, Middle East, Commonwealth of Independent States and North Africa.

TAV (Tepe-Akfen-Ventures) started its construction at the airport for new boarding gates at international terminal as well as building a new air traffic control tower. Unused facility buildings are demolished and 3 new boarding bridges are being built. When the new tower is completed, the old one will be demolished. When the international terminal is expanded, some of the jet ways will be left to the domestics terminal which are on the west of the international terminal, connected to it.

Runways

There is a plan to build another runway parallel to runway 05/23, so when the original runway undergoes repairs, this runway will be able to handle aircraft movements without any interruption to service. But in order to work on this project, the land required to build the new runway on belongs to the military, and this is being negotiated between the military and the airport authorities. Also, there are plans to expand the length of runway 05/23, this will allow the runway to be able to handle larger aircraft, as most airlines which serve Istanbul have already begun to use larger aircraft.[10] Wind direction is mainly from northeast and some from southwest.[11]

Airlines and destinations

Passenger

Airlines Destinations Terminal
Adria Airways Ljubljana 2
Aegean Airlines Athens 2
Aeroflot Moscow-Sheremetyevo 2
Aeroflot
operated by Donavia
Rostov-on-Don, Sochi 2
Afriqiyah Airways Tripoli 2
Air Algérie Algiers, Constantine 2
Air Astana Almaty, Astana, Atyrau 2
Air Canada Toronto-Pearson (begins 5 June 2013)[12] 2
Air Bishkek Bishkek 2
Air France Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Paris-Orly, Toulouse
Seasonal: Marseille
2
Air Malta Malta 2
Air Moldova Chişinău 2
Air Transat Seasonal: Montréal-Trudeau, Toronto-Pearson 2
airBaltic Riga 2
Ak Bars Aero Astrakhan[13] 2
Alitalia Rome-Fiumicino 2
Ariana Afghan Airlines Kabul 2
Asiana Airlines Seoul-Incheon 2
Ata Airlines Tabriz 2
Atlasjet Adana, Antalya, Bodrum, Dalaman, Gaziantep, Izmir, Kayseri 1
Atlasjet Erbil, Ercan, Jeddah, Sharm el-Sheikh, Sharjah, Simferopol [begins 7 June 2013],[14] Sulaymaniyah, Tehran-Imam Khomeini 2
Austrian Airlines
operated by Tyrolean Airways
Vienna 2
Azerbaijan Airlines Baku 2
Azmar Airlines Charter: Sulaymaniyah 2
Belavia Minsk-International 2
B&H Airlines Sarajevo 2
British Airways London-Heathrow 2
Buraq Air Benghazi, Tripoli 2
Caspian Airlines Tehran-Imam Khomeini 2
China Southern Airlines Ürümqi 2
Corendon Airlines Charter: Amsterdam, Tehran-Imam Khomeini 2
Delta Air Lines Seasonal: New York-JFK 2
EgyptAir Cairo 2
Emirates Dubai 2
Etihad Airways Abu Dhabi 2
Freebird Airlines Seasonal charter: Amsterdam, Barcelona, Belgrade, Berlin-Tegel, Brussels, Budapest, Cologne/Bonn, Dortmund, Düsseldorf, Frankfurt, Hamburg, Lyon, Madrid, Málaga, Marseille, Milan-Malpensa, Munich, Nantes, Oslo-Gardermoen, Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Prague, Seville, Stockholm-Arlanda, Stuttgart, Toulouse, Vienna, Zurich 2
Gulf Air Bahrain 2
Iran Air Tabriz, Tehran-Imam Khomeini 2
Iraqi Airways Baghdad, Basra, Erbil 2
Jat Airways Belgrade, Kraljevo 2
Jetairfly Brussels-National, Brussels-South Charleroi 2
KLM Amsterdam 2
Korean Air Seoul-Incheon 2
Libyan Airlines Benghazi, Tripoli 2
LOT Polish Airlines Warsaw-Chopin 2
Lufthansa Frankfurt, Munich 2
Mahan Air Isfahan, Tehran-Imam Khomeini 2
Malaysia Airlines Kuala Lumpur 2
Middle East Airlines Beirut 2
Olympic Air Athens 2
Onur Air Adana, Antalya, Diyarbakır, Elazığ, Erzurum, Gaziantep, Izmir, Malatya, Samsun, Trabzon
Seasonal: Bodrum, Dalaman
1
Onur Air Dubai, Ercan, Ganja, Odessa, Urmia 2
Pegasus Airlines Ankara, Bodrum, Izmir 1
Qatar Airways Doha 2
Rossiya Saint Petersburg 2
Royal Air Maroc Casablanca 2
Royal Jordanian Amman-Queen Alia 2
Saudia Jeddah, Madinah, Riyadh 2
SCAT Aktau, Karaganda, Shymkent 2
Singapore Airlines Singapore 2
Somon Air Dushanbe 2
Swiss International Air Lines Zürich 2
Syrian Air Aleppo, Damascus 2
Tajik Air Dushanbe 2
TAROM Bucharest-Otopeni 2
Tatarstan Airlines Kazan 2
Tunisair Monastir, Tunis 2
Turkish Airlines Adana, Adıyaman, Ağrı, Ankara, Antalya, Batman, Bodrum, Çanakkale, Dalaman, Denizli, Diyarbakir, Elazığ, Erzincan, Erzurum, Eskişehir, Gaziantep, Hatay, Iğdır, Izmir, Kahramanmaraş, Kars, Kayseri, Konya, Kütahya, Malatya, Mardin, Merzifon, Muş, Nevşehir, Samsun, Şanlıurfa, Sinop, Sivas, Trabzon, Uşak, Van 1
Turkish Airlines Aalborg, Abidjan, Abu Dhabi, Accra, Addis Ababa, Aden, Aleppo, Alexandria-Borg El Arab, Algiers, Almaty, Al Qassim (begins 03 June 2013),[15] Amman-Queen Alia, Amsterdam, Aqaba, Ashgabat, Astana, Athens, Baghdad, Bahrain, Baku, Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Barcelona, Basel/Mulhouse, Basra, Batumi, Beijing-Capital, Beirut, Belgrade, Benghazi, Berlin-Tegel, Bilbao, Billund, Birmingham, Bishkek, Bologna, Bremen, Brussels, Bucharest, Budapest, Buenos Aires-Ezeiza, Cairo, Cape Town, Casablanca, Chicago-O'Hare, Chişinău, Cologne/Bonn, Colombo, Constanța (begins 7 June 2013),[16] Copenhagen, Dakar, Damascus, Dammam, Dar es Salaam, Delhi, Dhaka, Djibouti, Dnipropetrovsk, Doha, Donetsk, Douala, Dubai, Dublin, Dushanbe, Dusseldorf, Edinburgh, Entebbe, Erbil, Ercan, Frankfurt, Friedrichshafen, Ganja, Geneva, Genoa, Gothenburg-Landvetter, Guangzhou, Hamburg, Hanover, Helsinki, Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Kong, Houston-Intercontinental, Hurghada, Isfahan, Islamabad, Jakarta-Soekarno-Hatta, Jeddah, Johannesburg-OR Tambo, Kabul, Karachi, Kathmandu (begins 1 September 2013),[17] Kazan, Kermanshah, Khartoum, Kiev-Boryspil, Kigali, Kilimanjaro, Kinshasa, Kuala Lumpur, Kuwait, Lagos, Leipzig/Halle, Libreville, Lisbon, Ljubljana, London-Gatwick, London-Heathrow, Los Angeles, Luxembourg (begins 25 June 2013),[18][19] Lviv, Lyon, Madinah, Madrid, Male, Malta (begins 25 May 2012),[20] Manchester, Mashhad, Marseille (begins 4 June 2013),[21] Milan-Malpensa, Minsk-National, Misrata, Mogadishu, Mombasa, Moscow-Vnukovo, Mosul, Mumbai, Munich, Muscat, Málaga, Nairobi, Najaf, Nakhchivan, Naples, New York-JFK, Niamey, Nice, Nouakchott, Novosibirsk, Nuremberg, Odessa, Osaka-Kansai, Osh, Oslo-Gardermoen, Ouagadougou, Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Podgorica, Prague, Pristina, Riga, Riyadh, Rome-Fiumicino, Rostov-on-Don, St Petersburg, Sabha, Salzburg (begins 28 May 2013),[22] Sana'a, Santiago de Compostela (begins 21 May 2013),[23] São Paulo-Guarulhos, Sarajevo, Seoul-Incheon, Shanghai-Pudong, Sharm el-Sheikh, Shiraz, Simferopol, Singapore, Skopje, Sochi, Sofia, Stockholm-Arlanda, Stuttgart, Sulaymaniyah, Tabriz, Taif, Tallinn (begins 11 June 2013),[24] Tashkent, Tbilisi, Tehran-Imam Khomeini, Tel Aviv-Ben Gurion, Thessaloniki, Tirana, Tokyo-Narita, Toronto-Pearson, Toulouse, Tripoli, Tunis, Turin, Ufa, Ulaanbaatar, Valencia, Venice-Marco Polo, Vienna, Vilnius (begins 11 June 2013),[24] Warsaw-Chopin, Washington-Dulles, Yanbu, Yaoundé, Yekaterinburg, Zagreb, Zurich 2
Turkmenistan Airlines Ashgabat, Turkmenbashi 2
Ukraine International Airlines Donetsk, Kiev-Boryspil, Odessa[25], Simferopol 2
United Airlines Newark 2
Uzbekistan Airlines Tashkent 2

Cargo airlines

Airlines Destinations
ACT Airlines Bahrain, Hong Kong, Lahore, New York-JFK, Singapore, Tallinn
Air France Cargo Paris-Charles de Gaulle
DHL Aviation
operated by MNG Airlines
Leipzig/Halle
EgyptAir Cargo Cairo[26]
FedEx Express Paris-Charles de Gaulle
Lufthansa Cargo Frankfurt
MNG Airlines Cologne/Bonn, Hahn, London-Luton, Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Tripoli-Mitiga, Munich
Saudia Cargo Riyadh
Silk Way Airlines Baku
TNT Airways Liège
Turkish Airlines Cargo Accra, Algiers, Almaty, Amman-Queen Alia, Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Beirut, Bishkek, Budapest, Cairo, Casablanca, Cologne/Bonn, Delhi, Dhaka, Dubai, Erbil, Frankfurt, Hanoi, Helsinki, Hong Kong, Jeddah, Johannesburg, Khartoum, Kiev-Boryspil, Lagos, London-Luton, Maastricht/Aachen, Madrid, Milan-Malpensa, Minsk-National, Mumbai, Nairobi, Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Riyadh, Seoul-Incheon, Stockholm-Arlanda, Tashkent, Tbilisi, Tel Aviv-Ben Gurion, Tirana, Tripoli-Mitiga, Vienna, Zürich[27]
ULS Airlines Cargo Beijing-Capital, Hong Kong, Kiev-Boryspil, Manila, Manston, Shanghai-Pudong
UPS Airlines Cologne/Bonn, Newark, Shenzhen
Uzbekistan Airways Cargo Tashkent

Traffic

Atatürk Airport still faces capacity issues; it ranks somewhere between 30th and 40th in the world by both cargo and passenger traffic, handling over 947,000 tonnes of load (cargo, freight and mail) and over 32.1 million passengers in the year 2010. The total number of passengers has doubled in the past five years, and domestic traffic has almost quadrupled (see statistics section below). Its rated capacity of 14 million international passengers per year and 10 million domestic passengers per year was barely sufficient for the demand in 2007 and 2008. The Istanbul greater metropolitan area is expected/projected to have a demand of 35 million international passengers and 25 million domestic passengers annually by the year 2015.[citation needed] However, introduction of the Ankara-Istanbul high-speed railway in 2013[28] may shift rail passenger market share from 10% to 78%.[29] Completion of the construction of the intercity highways linking Istanbul to other cities (to Bursa, İzmir, Antalya and the Black Sea Speedway) may also decrease airport demand.[citation needed]

Atatürk shares traffic with Sabiha Gökçen International Airport, which is on the Anatolian (Asian) side of Istanbul, which had annual passenger traffic of just 11.1 million in 2010. The two airports both provide domestic and international service to the Istanbul area.

A third big airport is being planned in order to meet Istanbul's growing domestic and international air traffic demand as a source, destination and transit point. A site in the European part on the coast of the Black Sea has already been chosen[30][31][32][33] and the bidding for the TL10bn ($5.6bn) construction is to start in May 2013.[34] Atatürk International Airport will continue operations in a lower capacity when the third airport enters into service.[35]

IST ranked 17th in ACI statistics at the end of 2011 in terms of international traffic with almost 24 Million international passengers. It ranked 29th in the world in terms of total passenger traffic with over 37.4 Million passengers in 2011. Its total traffic within the last decade more than tripled, and its international traffic quadrupled. If the current passenger growth maintains itself, IST is expected to become one of the 25 busiest airports in the world in terms of total passenger traffic and top 15 in terms of international traffic by the end of year 2012.[36][37]

Statistics

Turkish Airlines is the largest carrier operating at Atatürk Airport.
A Malaysia Airlines Boeing 777 at Ataturk Airport.
A LOT Polish Airlines Boeing 737 at Atatürk Airport.
A Singapore Airlines Boeing 777 at Atatürk Airport.
An Azerbaijan Airlines Boeing 767 at Atatürk Airport.
An Aeroflot Airbus A321 at Atatürk Airport.

Below is the passenger data for Istanbul for the years 2002–2013:[38]

Passenger statistics at Atatürk Int. Airport[38]
Year
Domestic
Passengers
Passenger
% Change
International
Passenger
Passenger
% Change
Total
Passenger
Passenger
% Change
World Rank
International
World Rank
Total
2013(March)[39] 3,810,466 Increase19 7,406,177 Increase25 11,216,643 Increase23 Steady Steady
2012[40] 15,281,321 Increase14 29,717,196 Increase24 44,998,508 Increase20 13th[41] 21th[42]
2011 13,604,352 Increase15 23,847,835 Increase17 37,452,187 Increase17 17th 28th
2010 11,800,999 Increase3 20,344,620 Increase11 32,145,619 Increase8 19th 37th
2009 11,393,645 Decrease0,8 18,363,739 Increase7,6 29,757,384 Increase4,2 Steady Steady
2008 11,484,063 Increase19,7 17,069,069 Increase25,5 28,553,132 Increase23,1 Steady Steady
2007 9,595,923 Increase5,5 13,600,306 Increase11,7 23,196,229 Increase9,1 Steady Steady
2006 9,091,693 Increase21 12,174,281 Increase3,3 21,265,974 Increase10,2 Steady Steady
2005 7,512,282 Increase38,8 11,781,487 Increase15,9 19,293,769 Increase23,7 Steady Steady
2004 5,430,925 Increase69,9 10,169,676 Increase14,2 15,600,601 Increase28,9 Steady Steady
2003 3,196,045 Increase12,1 8,908,268 Increase4,7 12,104,342 Increase6,6 Steady Steady
2002 2,851,487 Steady 8,506,204 Steady 11,357,691 Steady Steady Steady
Busiest International Routes from Atatürk Int. Airport (2011)[43]
Rank City Airlines
1 Germany Frankfurt-Main Lufthansa, Turkish Airlines
2 Netherlands Amsterdam Corendon Airlines, KLM, Onur Air, Turkish Airlines
3 United Kingdom London-Heathrow British Airways, Turkish Airlines
4 Italy Rome-Fiumicino Alitalia, Turkish Airlines
5 United States New York-JFK Delta Air Lines, Turkish Airlines
6 United Arab Emirates Dubai Emirates, Onur Air, Turkish Airlines
7 Spain Madrid-Barajas Iberia, Turkish Airlines
8 France Paris-Charles de Gaulle Air France, Turkish Airlines
9 Germany Munich Lufthansa, Turkish Airlines
10 South Korea Seoul-Incheon Asiana Airlines, Korean Air, Turkish Airlines
11 Austria Vienna Austrian Airlines, Turkish Airlines
12 Italy Milan-Malpensa Onur Air, Turkish Airlines
13 Germany Berlin-Tegel Lufthansa, Turkish Airlines
14 Switzerland Zurich Swiss International Airlines, Turkish Airlines
15 Germany Düsseldorf Lufthansa, Turkish Airlines
16 United States Chicago-O'Hare Turkish Airlines
17 Singapore Singapore Singapore Airlines, Turkish Airlines
18 Greece Athens Aegean Airlines, Olympic Air, Turkish Airlines
19 Canada Toronto-Pearson Air Transat, Turkish Airlines
20 China Beijing-Capital Turkish Airlines
Busiest Domestic Routes from Atatürk Int. Airport (2011)
Rank Airport Passengers
1 Flag of Turkey.svg Ankara Onur Air, Turkish Airlines
2 Flag of Turkey.svg İzmir Atlasjet, Onur Air, Pegasus Airlines, Turkish Airlines
3 Flag of Turkey.svg Antalya Atlasjet, Onur Air, Turkish Airlines
4 Flag of Turkey.svg Adana Onur Air, Turkish Airlines
5 Flag of Turkey.svg Diyarbakır Onur Air, Turkish Airlines
6 Flag of Turkey.svg Erzurum Onur Air, Turkish Airlines
7 Flag of Turkey.svg Trabzon Onur Air, Turkish Airlines
8 Flag of Turkey.svg Bodrum Atlasjet, Onur Air, Turkish Airlines
9 Flag of Turkey.svg Samsun Onur Air, Turkish Airlines
10 Flag of Turkey.svg Kayseri Turkish Airlines

Other facilities

Turkish Airlines has its headquarters in the Turkish Airlines General Management Building, located within the airport campus.[44][45]

Incidents and accidents

References

 This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the Air Force Historical Research Agency.

  1. ^ a b "LTBA – Istanbul / Atatürk / International" (PDF). AIP Turkey. Ankara: DHMİ Genel Müdürlüğü. 26 July 2012. part AD 2 LTBA. Retrieved 4 August 2012. 
  2. ^ "12 months". Aci.aero. 2013-04-24. Retrieved 2013-04-29. 
  3. ^ "12 months". Aci.aero. 2013-04-24. Retrieved 2013-04-29. 
  4. ^ The list (Turkish)
  5. ^ "Air Transport News". Atn.aero. 2013-03-18. Retrieved 2013-04-29. 
  6. ^ "World's Best Airports by Passenger Numbers | 2013". Worldairportawards.com. Retrieved 2013-04-29. 
  7. ^ Hafif raylı sistem
  8. ^ Havaş
  9. ^ İETT
  10. ^ http://www.tumgazeteler.com/?a=4553608[dead link]
  11. ^ "Ambient Air Quality Measurements and Air Pollutant Dispersion Modelling including Climatic Factors". Environmental Resources Management. SEPTEMBER 2011. p. K-6. 
  12. ^ "Air Canada makes huge push into Asia". thestar.com. 29 November 2012. Retrieved 6 December 2012. 
  13. ^ "Авиакомпания "Ак Барс Аэро" открывает рейс Астрахань—Стамбул". ATO.ru. 29 October 2012. Retrieved 29 October 2012. 
  14. ^ http://www.dunya.com/mobi/news_detail.php?id=190704
  15. ^ http://www.turkishairlines.com/en-int/corporate/news/22734/our-new-flights-al-qassim
  16. ^ "Our New Flights: Constanta". Turkish Airlines. 24 April 2013. 
  17. ^ http://www.turkishairlines.com/en-int/corporate/news/23043/our-new-flights-kathmandu
  18. ^ "Turkish Airlines au Luxembourg et à Marseille" [Turkish Airlines to Luxembourg and Marseille] (in French). Air Journal. 30 January 2013. Archived from the original on 2 February 2013. 
  19. ^ "Our New Flights: Luxembourg" (Press release). Turkish Airlines. 7 March 2013. Retrieved 7 March 2013. 
  20. ^ "Turkish Airlines arrive à Malte, Friedrichshafen" [Turkish Airlines arrives in Malta, Friedrichshafen] (in French). Air Journal. 12 February 2013. Archived from the original on 12 February 2013. 
  21. ^ "Our New Flights: Marseille" (Press release). Turkish Airlines. 25 February 2013. Retrieved 5 March 2013. 
  22. ^ "Our New Flights: Salzburg" (Press release). Turkish Airlines. 6 March 2013. Retrieved 6 March 2013. 
  23. ^ "Our New Flights: Santiago De Compostela" (Press release). Turkish Airlines. 8 March 2013. Retrieved 8 March 2013. 
  24. ^ a b "Our New Flights: Tallinn and Vilnius" (Press release). Turkish Airlines. 6 March 2013. Retrieved 6 March 2013. 
  25. ^ "МАУ запускают рейс Одесса-Стамбул". ООО «Коммерсантъ-Украина». 12 April 2013. Retrieved 12 April 2013. 
  26. ^ Egypt Air cargo Winter/Spring 2013 schedule
  27. ^ TK cargo winter 2012-2013 schedule
  28. ^ Marmaray completion delayed to 2013, cost increases by $500 mln, Today Zaman 2009-12-19
  29. ^ "Ankara-Istanbul High-Speed Train Project, Turkey". railway-technology.com. 
  30. ^ "İstanbul'a yapılacak 3. havalimanının haritası ortaya çıktı". T24. 2012-10-29. Retrieved 30 October 2012.  English translation
  31. ^ "Third Istanbul airport a step closer" rightmove overseas, 17 August 2012. Retrieved: 23 September 2012
  32. ^ "Third airport a must to ease air traffic in İstanbul" Sunday's Zaman, 29 April 2012. Retrieved: 4 August 2012.
  33. ^ "New Istanbul airport capacity will power Turkish Airlines growth" Retrieved: November 9, 2012
  34. ^ Dombey, Daniel (January 23, 2013). "Turkey seeks to build six-runway airport". Financial Times. Retrieved January 27, 2013. 
  35. ^ "Yıldırım denies reports of Atatürk Airport conversion to congress center". Todayszaman.com. 2012-11-11. Retrieved 2013-04-29. 
  36. ^ ACI Europe 2007 Final Rankings
  37. ^ ACI International Passenger Traffic Monthly Ranking
  38. ^ a b "Devlet Hava Meydanları İşletmesi Genel Müdürlüğü". Dhmi.gov.tr. Retrieved 2013-04-29. 
  39. ^ http://www.dhmi.gov.tr/getBinaryFile.aspx?Type=13&dosyaID=3&IstatistikID=70
  40. ^ http://dhmi.gov.tr/getBinaryFile.aspx?Type=13&dosyaID=3&IstatistikID=67
  41. ^ "Year to date". Aci.aero. 2013-04-24. Retrieved 2013-04-29. 
  42. ^ "Year to date". Aci.aero. 2013-04-24. Retrieved 2013-04-29. 
  43. ^ "TAV İstanbul Atatürk Havalimanı". Ataturkairport.com. 2012-03-16. Retrieved 2013-04-29. 
  44. ^ "Contact Us." Turkish Airlines. Retrieved on 26 June 2010.
  45. ^ "Map." Turkish Airlines. Retrieved on 26 June 2010.
  46. ^ "Aircraft accident Fokker F-28 Fellowship 1000 TC-JAP Istanbul-Yeşilköy Airport (IST) [Marmara Sea]". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 2012-07-31. 

External links