Augusta, Western Australia
| Augusta Western Australia | |||||||||
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.JPG) Blackwood Avenue, Augusta, 2015 | |||||||||
  Augusta Location in Western Australia | |||||||||
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| Coordinates | 34°18′43″S 115°09′32″E / 34.312°S 115.159°E | ||||||||
| Population | 1,211 (UCL 2021)[1] | ||||||||
| Established | 1830 | ||||||||
| Postcode(s) | 6290 | ||||||||
| Elevation | 14 m (46 ft) | ||||||||
| Location | |||||||||
| LGA(s) | Shire of Augusta-Margaret River | ||||||||
| State electorate(s) | Electoral district of Warren-Blackwood | ||||||||
| Federal division(s) | Forrest | ||||||||
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Augusta is a town on the south-west coast of Western Australia, where the Blackwood River emerges into Flinders Bay. It is the nearest town to Cape Leeuwin, on the furthest southwest corner of the Australian continent. In the 2001 census it had a population of 1,091; by 2016 the population of the town was 1,109 (excluding East Augusta).
The town is within the Shire of Augusta-Margaret River local government area, and is in the Leeuwin Ward. It is connected by public transport to Perth via Transwa coach service SW1.
Augusta was a summer holiday town for many during most of the twentieth century, but late in the 1990s many people chose to retire to the region for its cooler weather. As a consequence of this and rising land values in the Augusta-Margaret River area, the region has experienced significant social change.
History
Noongar peoples, the Aboriginal Australian peoples of south-western Australia, inhabited the area for an estimated 45,000 years before the arrival of European settlers, with one site near Margaret River showing signs of human habitation around 47,000 years ago.[2] Augusta lies within Wardandi land.[3] Wardandi (often spelt Wadandi) traditional owners guided archaeological researchers to a spot on a granite outcrop near Flinders Bay which was excavated and reported on in 2021, revealing grooves and other signs that people ground stones to make tools here around 9,700 years ago.[4]
The coastline near the Augusta area was first sighted by Europeans in March 1622 when the Dutch East India Company ship Leeuwin (Lioness) mapped and named the land north of Cape Leeuwin between Hamelin Bay and Point D'Entrecasteaux 't Landt van de Leeuwin.[5][6] In 1801 Captain Matthew Flinders named the "south-western, and most projecting part of Leeuwin's Land" Cape Leeuwin.[7]
Augusta was founded in 1830. In March of that year, a number of settlers, including John Molloy and members of the Bussell and Turner[8] families, had arrived at the Swan River Colony on board Warrior. On their arrival the Lieutenant-Governor Captain James Stirling advised them that most of the good land near the Swan River had already been granted, and suggested that they form a new sub-colony in the vicinity of Cape Leeuwin.
The following month, Stirling sailed with a party of prospective settlers on board Emily Taylor. After arriving at the mouth of the Blackwood River, the party spent four days exploring the area. Stirling then confirmed his decision to establish a sub-colony, the settlers' property was disembarked, and the town of Augusta declared at the site.
Stirling named the town in honour of Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex, the sixth son of George III, due to its location within Sussex County, one of the 26 counties of Western Australia that were designated in 1829 as cadastral divisions.[9]
During the 1880s, an expansion of the timber industry occurred following the construction of a timber mill at nearby Kudardup and the completion of jetties at Hamelin Bay and Flinders Bay.[10]
Augusta was a stopping place on the Busselton to Flinders Bay Branch Railway (now converted into a walking and cycling trail named the Wadandi Track[11][12]), which was government run from the 1920s to the 1950s. Prior to that M. C. Davies had a timber railway system that went to both Hamelin Bay and Flinders Bay jetties in the 1890s.[citation needed]
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On 30 July 1986, a pod of 114 false killer whales became stranded at Town Beach, Augusta. In a three-day operation, co-ordinated by the Department of Conservation and Land Management, volunteers from around Western Australia, including forestry workers, wildlife officers, surfers and townsfolk, carried 96 of the whales on trucks to more sheltered waters. The surviving whales were then successfully guided out into the bay, flanked by a flotilla of boats, board riders and swimmers.[13][14][15] A memorial to the rescue now overlooks Town Beach.[13] The Augusta boat harbour on the coast towards Cape Leeuwin has replaced a range of points where boats have operated from between the mouth of the Blackwood River around to the area of the former Flinders Bay jetties.
Many tourist websites and information conflate Augusta and Cape Leeuwin with features that exist nearby. The Augusta townsite now also includes the former separate Flinders Bay community at its southern end, where there had been a jetty, railway terminus, and whaling location. The new Augusta Boat Harbour to the south of Flinders Bay is well outside the townsite.[16]
In 2009, 2 Oceans FM was set up at the Augusta Community Centre and began broadcasting on 97.1 MHz FM.
Fires
In 1961, over 100,000 acres (40,000 ha) of farms, bushland and forests between Margaret River and Augusta were destroyed by bushfires. Augusta was saved from these because a serious fire a few months earlier had created a low fuel zone north of the town. The Augusta residents cared for the school children who had been evacuated from Karridale and Kudardup.[17]
A bushfire threatened the town in 2011 and over 200 residents were evacuated. The fire had already claimed 40,000 hectares (100,000 acres) before reaching the outskirts of East Augusta, but was later brought under control and no homes were destroyed.[18]
In January 2018 the town was threatened by a bushfire.[19]
Tourism and culture
The CinefestOZ film festival stages some of its screenings and events in Augusta in late August each year.[20]
See also
- Cape Leeuwin Lighthouse
- Saint Alouarn Islands
- Wadandi Track, walking and cycling trail from Flinders Bay to Busselton
References
Notes
- ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (28 June 2022). "Augusta (urban centre and locality)". Australian Census 2021.
- ^ "Noongar History". Western Australian Government. Retrieved 1 August 2021.
- ^ Horton, David R. (1996). "Map of Indigenous Australia". AIATSIS. Retrieved 1 August 2021.
- ^ Pancia, Anthony (26 July 2021). "9,200-year-old Noongar history unearthed at Augusta archaeological dig site". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 1 August 2021.
- ^ "150 years of exploration and mapping of the North, West and South coast of Australia by Dutch VOC mariners 1606 - 1756". VOC Historical Society. Retrieved 30 March 2014.
- ^ Lang, John Dunmore (1837). "Progressive discovery of the coasts of New Holland". An Historical and Statistical Account of New South Wales. Vol. 1 (2 ed.). London: A.J. Valpy. p. 3.
- ^ Flinders, Matthew (1814). A voyage to Terra Australis: undertaken for the purpose of completing the discovery of that vast country. Vol. 1. London: G & W Nicol. p. 49.
- ^ "Dictionary of Australian Artists Online: Thomas Turner". Retrieved 4 May 2010.
- ^ "Swan River". The Hobart Town Courier. 14 August 1830. p. 2. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
- ^ "Augusta WA - History". 2008. Archived from the original on 19 July 2008. Retrieved 10 September 2008.
- ^ "Wadandi Track". City of Busselton. Retrieved 1 August 2021.
- ^ "Wadandi Track". Trail Search. Retrieved 1 August 2021.
- ^ a b Wiltshire, Trea (2000). Margaret River. Australian Wine Regions series. Singapore: R. Ian Lloyd Productions. p. 33. ISBN 9810426747.
- ^ "Whale rescue in 1986 changed not just the people who were there". ABC. Western Australia. 7 June 2011. Retrieved 8 July 2012.
- ^ "World watched as WA town saved the whales". The West Australian. Perth, Western Australia. 19 July 2011. Retrieved 8 July 2012.
- ^ http://www.transport.wa.gov.au/imarine/augusta-boat-harbour.asp Augusta Boat Harbour
- ^ Matthews, H (2011) Karridale Bush Fires 1961 - A Disaster Waiting to Happen : Karridale Progress Association Inc, WA : ISBN 978-0-9871467-0-0
- ^ "Augusta residents 'poorly prepared' for fire threat". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 4 December 2011. Retrieved 18 March 2013.
- ^ "Augusta bushfire downgraded after threatening homes in WA South West". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 29 January 2018. Retrieved 3 September 2021.
- ^ Keating, Rebecca (26 August 2021). "Every reason you need to go to CinefestOZ Film Festival in magical Margaret River". Urban List. Retrieved 3 September 2021.
Bibliography
- Cresswell, Gail J. (2003). The Light of Leeuwin: The Augusta-Margaret River Shire History (new ed.). Margaret River, W.A.: Augusta-Margaret River Shire History Group. ISBN 0731694449.
- Cullen, Shelley; Rigby, Peter (1999). Margaret River Style. Fremantle, WA: Fremantle Arts Centre Press. ISBN 1863682856.
- Wiltshire, Trea (2000). Margaret River. Australian Wine Regions series. Singapore: R. Ian Lloyd Productions. ISBN 9810426747.
External links
- Shire of Augusta-Margaret River – official site
- Australian Local Government Association - Shire of Augusta
- Augusta portal
- South West portal
- Official Augusta Information Website
- Augusta Community Radio (2OceansFM Website)
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