Campylobacter
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Campylobacter | |
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| Campylobacter bacteria | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Proteobacteria |
| Class: | Epsilon Proteobacteria |
| Order: | Campylobacterales |
| Family: | Campylobacteraceae |
| Genus: | Campylobacter Sebald and Véron 1963 |
| Species | |
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C. coli |
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The genus Campylobacter, (meaning 'twisted bacteria') first discovered in 1963[1], describes Gram-negative, spiral, microaerophilic bacteria. Motile, with either uni- or bi-polar flagella, the organisms have a characteristic spiral/corkscrew appearance (see photo) and are oxidase-positive.[2]Campylobacter jejuni is now recognized as one of the main causes of bacterial foodborne disease in many developed countries.[3] At least a dozen species of Campylobacter have been implicated in human disease, with C. jejuni and C. coli the most common.[2] C. fetus is a cause of spontaneous abortions in cattle and sheep, as well as an opportunistic pathogen in humans.[4]
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[edit] Genome
virulence. [5] Non-motile mutants do not colonize.
[edit] Pathogenesis
Campylobacteriosis is an infection by campylobacter.[6] The common routes of transmission are fecal-oral, person-to-person sexual contact, ingestion of contaminated food or water, and the eating of raw meat. It produces an inflammatory, sometimes bloody, diarrhea, periodontitis[7] or dysentery syndrome, mostly including cramps, fever and pain. The infection is usually self-limiting and in most cases, symptomatic treatment by reposition of liquid and electrolyte replacement is enough in human infections. The use of antibiotics, on the other hand, is controversial.
[edit] Cause
The sites of tissue injury include the jejunum, the ileum, and the colon. Most strains of C jejuni produce a toxin (cytolethal distending toxin) that hinders the cells from dividing and activating the immune system. This helps the bacteria to evade the immune system and survive for a limited time in the cells. It was thought that a cholera-like enterotoxin was also made, but this appears not to be the case. The organism produces diffuse, bloody, edematous, and exudative enteritis. In a small number of cases, the infection may be associated with hemolytic uremic syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura through a poorly understood mechanism.
[edit] References
- ^ Nachmankin I; Szymanski CM; Blaser J (editors) (2008). Campylobacter (3rd ed.). ASM Press. pp. 3–25. ISBN 9781555814373.
- ^ a b Ryan KJ; Ray CG (editors) (2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th ed.). McGraw Hill. pp. 378–80. ISBN 0838585299.
- ^ Moore JE, et al. (2005). "Campylobacter". Vet Res 36 (3): 351–82. doi:. PMID 15845230.
- ^ Sauerwein R, Bisseling J, Horrevorts A (1993). "Septic abortion associated with Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus infection: case report and review of the literature". Infection 21 (5): 331–3. doi:. PMID 8300253.
- ^ Grant C, Konkel M, Cieplak W, Tompkins L (1993). "Role of flagella in adherence, internalization, and translocation of Campylobacter jejuni in nonpolarized and polarized epithelial cell cultures". Infect Immun 61 (5): 1764–71. PMID 8478066.
- ^ cdc.gov
- ^ Humphrey, Tom et al. (2007). "Campylobacters as zoonotic pathogens: A food production perspective <internet>". International Journal of Food Microbiology 117 (3): 237. doi:. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T7K-4N0PPRG-1&_user=10&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F2007&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=74b7c07635a1873ca815b3139b56d2e0.
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
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