Convoy HX 126
Convoy HX.126 | |||||
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Part of World War II | |||||
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Belligerents | |||||
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Commanders and leaders | |||||
Admiral Karl Dönitz | Rear-Admiral F B Watson | ||||
Strength | |||||
9 U-boats |
33 merchant ships 22 escorts (1 during attacks) | ||||
Casualties and losses | |||||
9 merchant ships sunk |
Convoy HX 126 was the 126th of the numbered series of World War II HX convoys of merchant ships from HalifaX to Liverpool.
Prelude
The ships departed Halifax on 10 May 1941.[1] At this time, there were no ecorts to provide protection against U-Boats for the whole duration of the journey across the North Atlantic. For the first leg of the crossing, the only escort was the armed merchant cruiser Aurania ( later renamed in HMS Artifex ) which task was to provide protection against merchant raiders.
On the U-Boat side, U-boats were reorganized in the group West after the attack on convoy OB-318 and were sent to scout for convoys ever more westward.[2]
Action
On 19 May, the U-94 found the convoy and she homes in other boats of the group West. The group starts attacking on 20 May :
- The first attack of U-94 in the early morning misses, but in a second attack she can sink 1[3] or 2 ships.[4][2] Then contact with the convoy is lost.
- Next U-556 finds the convoy at noon. In 2 attacks she can sink 3 ships.[3] As the convoy is still unescorted at the time, it starts to break up.
- U-111 finds the large 13,000 ton tanker San Felix and damages it with a torpedo, but the tanker does not belong to HX-126, it is an outbound vessel from the dispersed convoy OB-322.[5]
- In the evening U-98 sinks the freighter Rothermere.
- Around the same time U-94 regains contact with the convoy and sinks the tanker John P. Pedersen.
- Just before midnight, U-109 sinks the straggler Harpagus with 2 torpedoes. The Harpagus had fallen behind to rescue survivors from the Norman Monarch.
- The 12th escort group, which comprised at the time 5 destroyers, 4 corvettes and 2 A/S trawlers, arrives and starts to round up all dispersed ships and reforms the convoy. 5 of the escorts find the U-109 and manage to damage it with depth charges. As a result U-109 aborts to France.[6]
- In the early morning of the 21th, U-93 hits the tanker Elusa which is later scuttled.
- U-74 is damaged and forced to abort to France by depth charge attacks of the corvette Verbena and a 4-stack destroyer ( the Churchill[4] or the Burnham [7] )
When the German command learns that a strong escort has arrived, it disengages the U-Boats and reforms them in a new patrol line further South. Only the U-111 is left in place in order to transmit decoy radio signals. On 22 may U-111 finds and sinks the Barnby which has either straggled or romped from the convoy.
Ships in the convoy
Allied merchant ships
A total of 33 merchant vessels joined the convoy, either in Halifax or later in the voyage.[8]Surviving ships reached Liverpool on 28 May.[1]
Name | Flag | Tonnage (GRT) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
Athelprincess (1929) | ![]() |
8,882 | |
Barnby (1940) | ![]() |
4,813 | Straggled and sunk by U-111[9] |
Baron Carnegie (1925) | ![]() |
3,178 | |
Baron Elgin (1933) | ![]() |
3,942 | |
Bente Maersk (1928) | ![]() |
5,722 | |
British Freedom (1928) | ![]() |
6,985 | Straggled 20 May |
British Security (1937) | ![]() |
8,470 | Sunk by U-556[10] |
British Splendour (1931) | ![]() |
7,138 | |
Cockaponset (1919) | ![]() |
5,995 | Sunk By U-556[11] |
Darlington Court (1936) | ![]() |
4,974 | Sunk By U-556[12] |
Dorelian (1923) | ![]() |
6,431 | |
Eemland (1906) | ![]() |
4,188 | Straggled 20 May |
Elusa (1936) | ![]() |
6,235 | Sunk By U-93[13] |
Empire Kudu (1919) | ![]() |
6,622 | |
Gretavale (1928) | ![]() |
4,586 | |
Hada County (1921) | ![]() |
4,853 | |
Harpagus (1940) | ![]() |
5,173 | Sunk By U-109.[14] Rescue Ship |
Havsten (1930) | ![]() |
6,161 | |
Hindustan (1940) | ![]() |
5,245 | Rear-Admiral F B Watson DSO (Commodore) |
John P Pedersen (1930) | ![]() |
6,128 | Sunk By U-94[15] |
Karabagh (1932) | ![]() |
6,427 | |
Morgenen (1930) | ![]() |
7,093 | |
Nicoya (1929) | ![]() |
5,364 | |
Norman Monarch (1937) | ![]() |
4,718 | Sunk By U-94[16] |
Regent Panther (1937) | ![]() |
9,556 | |
Ribera (1940) | ![]() |
5,559 | Straggled 20 May |
Rosewood (1931) | ![]() |
5,989 | Iceland |
Rothermere (1938) | ![]() |
5,356 | Sunk By U-98[17] |
Salando (1920) | ![]() |
5,272 | Returned |
Tongariro (1925) | ![]() |
8,720 | |
Toward (1923) | ![]() |
1,571 | Rescue Ship |
Westport (1918) | ![]() |
5,665 | Joined Ex Convoy SC 31 |
Winona County (1919) | ![]() |
6,159 | Returned |
Convoy escorts
A series of armed military ships escorted the convoy at various times during its journey.[8] Only one escort was present during the German attacks.
References
- ^ a b Hague p.127
- ^ a b Rohwer &Hummelchen, p.62
- ^ a b "HX-126".
- ^ a b Blair, p.286
- ^ "San Felix".
- ^ Hirschfeld, Wolfgang (1985). Feindfahrten. Logbuch eines U-Bootfunkers (in German). Miunchen: Heyne. pp. 48–70. ISBN 3-453-02051-0.
- ^ "U-74".
- ^ a b "Convoy HX.126". Arnold Hague Convoy Database. Retrieved 3 November 2013.
- ^ "Barnby – British steam merchant". www.uboat.net. Retrieved 3 November 2013.
- ^ "British Security – British motor tanker". www.uboat.net. Retrieved 3 November 2013.
- ^ "Cockaponset – British steam merchant". www.uboat.net. Retrieved 3 November 2013.
- ^ "Darlington Court – British motor merchant". www.uboat.net. Retrieved 3 November 2013.
- ^ "Elusa – Dutch motor tanker". www.uboat.net. Retrieved 3 November 2013.
- ^ "Harpagus – British steam merchant". www.uboat.net. Retrieved 3 November 2013.
- ^ "John P Pedersen – Norwegian motor tanker". www.uboat.net. Retrieved 3 November 2013.
- ^ "Norman Monarch – British steam merchant". www.uboat.net. Retrieved 3 November 2013.
- ^ "Rothermere – British steam merchant". www.uboat.net. Retrieved 3 November 2013.
Bibliography
- Hague, Arnold (2000). The Allied Convoy System 1939–1945. ISBN 1-86176-147-3.
- Rohwer, J.; Hummelchen, G. (1992). Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-105-X.
- Blair, Clay (2000). Hitler's U-Boat War [Volume 1 ]: The Hunters. Cassell. ISBN 0-304-35260-8.