FIS Alpine Ski World Cup
The FIS Alpine Ski World Cup is the top international circuit of alpine skiing competitions, launched in 1966 by a group of ski racing friends and experts which included French journalist Serge Lang and the alpine ski team directors from France (Honore Bonnet) and the USA (Bob Beattie).[1] It was soon backed by International Ski Federation (FIS) president Marc Hodler during the FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 1966 at Portillo, Chile, and became an official FIS event in the spring of 1967 after the FIS Congress at Beirut, Lebanon. The first World Cup ski race was held in Berchtesgaden, West Germany, on January 5, 1967. Jean-Claude Killy of France and Nancy Greene of Canada were the overall winners for the first two seasons.
Competitors attempt to achieve the best time in four disciplines: slalom, giant slalom, Super G, and downhill. The fifth event, the combined, employs the downhill and slalom. The World Cup originally included only slalom, giant slalom, and downhill races. Combined events (calculated using results from selected downhill and slalom races) were included starting with the 1974–75 season, while the Super G was added for the 1982–83 season. The current scoring system was implemented in the 1991–92 season. For every race points are awarded to the top 30 finishers: 100 points to the winner, 80 for second, 60 for third, winding down to 1 point for 30th place. The racer with the most points at the end of the season in mid-March wins the Cup, with the trophy consisting of a 9 kilogram crystal globe.[2] Sub-prizes are also awarded in each individual race discipline, with a smaller 3.5 kg crystal globe. (See the section on scoring system below for more information.)
The World Cup is held annually, and is considered the premier competition for alpine ski racing after the quadrennial Winter Olympics. Many consider the World Cup to be a more valuable title than the Olympics or the biennial World Championships, since it requires a competitor to ski at an extremely high level in several disciplines throughout the season, and not just in one race.[3]
Races are hosted primarily at ski resorts in the Alps in Europe, with regular stops in Scandinavia, North America, and east Asia, but a few races have also been held in the Southern Hemisphere. World Cup competitions have been hosted in 25 different countries around the world: Andorra, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States.[4] (Note that all World Cup races hosted at ski resorts in Bosnia and Slovakia were held when those countries were still part of Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia respectively.)
Lower competitive circuits include the NorAm Cup in North America and the Europa Cup in Europe.
Crystal globe [edit]
Since 1967 big crystal globe is awarded for overall title. From beginning to 1976-77 discipline titles were awarded with medals. In statistics those titles has the same value as small crystal globe.
For the first time small crystal globe for discipline titles in slalom, giant slalom and downhill appeared in 1977-78.
In the super-G small crystal globe is awarded since 1985-86. For super-g races in previous three seasons points were added and calculated in giant slalom ranking.
In combined small crystal globe was officially awarded only between 2007-2012. Before that combined season winners can't officially be cosidered as season titles. In those years FIS simply calculated points from other two races, DH and SL.
Super Ranking [edit]
Best skiers of all-time in overall and each discipline based on ski-database ranking system (counting since 1966). This is a scoring system calculating points toghether from four categories: World Cup (overall and discipline titles), OG, SWC and World Cup races.
Men [edit]
Women [edit]
Overall winners [edit]
Multiple overall World Cup wins are marked with (#). For a complete list of winners in each discipline,
see Alpine Skiing World Cup Men and Alpine Skiing World Cup Women.
Overall winners by nation [edit]
| Nation | Overall Winners | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Men | Women | |
| 26 | 11 | 15 | |
| 18 | 7 | 11 | |
| 10 | 5 | 5 | |
| 6 | 3 | 3 | |
| 6 | 6 | – | |
| 5 | 5 | – | |
| 5 | 5 | – | |
| 4 | 3 | 1 | |
| 4 | 1 | 3 | |
| 4 | – | 4 | |
| 3 | 1 | 2 | |
| 2 | – | 2 | |
| 1 | - | 1 | |
Most overall World Cup titles [edit]
The following skiers have at least 3 overall alpine World Cup titles.
| Men | Country | Career | Overall World Cups | Discipline World Cups | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Downhill | Super G | GS | Slalom | Combined | ||||
| Marc Girardelli | 1980–1996 | 5 | 2 | – | 1 | 3 | 4 | |
| Gustav Thöni | 1969–1980 | 4 | – | NA | 3 | 2 | – | |
| Pirmin Zurbriggen | 1981–1990 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 3 | – | 3 | |
| Hermann Maier | 1996–2009 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 3 | – | – | |
| Ingemar Stenmark | 1973–1989 | 3 | – | – | 8 | 8 | – | |
| Phil Mahre | 1975–1984 | 3 | – | – | 2 | 1 | 4 | |
| Women | Country | Career | Overall World Cups | Discipline World Cups | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Downhill | Super G | GS | Slalom | Combined | ||||
| Annemarie Moser-Pröll | 1969–1980 | 6 | 7 | NA | 3 | – | 2 | |
| Lindsey Vonn | 2000–active | 4 | 6 | 4 | – | – | 3 | |
| Petra Kronberger | 1987–1992 | 3 | – | – | – | 1 | – | |
| Vreni Schneider | 1984–1995 | 3 | – | – | 5 | 6 | – | |
| Janica Kostelić | 1998–2006 | 3 | – | – | – | 3 | 4 | |
Most discipline World Cup titles [edit]
Combined titles counted from 2007-2012 when crystal globe was awarded. The records for most World Cup titles in each discipline are as follows:
| Discipline | Men | Women | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Country | Titles | Name | Country | Titles | ||
| Downhill | Franz Klammer | 5 | Annemarie Moser-Pröll | 7 | |||
| Super G | Hermann Maier | 5 | Katja Seizinger | 5 | |||
| Giant Slalom | Ingemar Stenmark | 8 | Vreni Schneider | 5 | |||
| Slalom | Ingemar Stenmark | 8 | Vreni Schneider | 6 | |||
| Combined | Ivica Kostelić | 2 | Lindsey Vonn | 3 | |||
For a complete list of winners in each discipline, see Alpine Skiing World Cup Men and Alpine Skiing World Cup Women.
Most World Cup wins in each discipline [edit]
The records for most World Cup wins in each discipline are as follows (March 17, 2013):
Various records [edit]
| Category | World Cup | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Season(s) | Men | Record | Season(s) | Women | Record | ||
| Prize money in CHF (in a single season) |
2000 | 660,000 | 2013 | 701,797 | |||
| Overall points | 2000 | 2000 | 2013 | 2414 | |||
| Margin of victory | 2001 | 743 | 2013 | 1313 | |||
| Avg. points per race (only races where participated) |
2013 | 77 | 2013 | 69 | |||
| Avg. points per race (all races in a season) |
2000 | 50 | 2013 | 69 | |||
| Red jersey-overall races (only skier all season lead) |
2005 | 36 | 2013 | 35 | |||
| Overall titles | 1980-1996 | 5 | 1969-1980 | 6 | |||
| Most discipline titles | 1975-1984 | 16 | 2008-2013 | 13 | |||
| Most discipline titles (in a single season) |
1967 1987 2000 2001 |
3 | 2010 2011 2012 |
3 | |||
| All titles | 1975-1984 | 19 | 2008-2013 | 17 | |||
| Wins (in a single season) | 1979 2001 |
13 | 1989 | 14 | |||
| Podiums (in a single season) | 2000 | 22 | 2013 | 24 | |||
| Top 10s (in a single season) | 2000 | 25 | 2013 | 32 | |||
| All 5 disciplines winners (in a single season) |
1989 | 9 7 |
1991 2006 2013 |
8 9 11 |
|||
| All wins | 1975-1989 | 86 | 1970-1980 | 62 | |||
| All podiums | 1974-1989 | 155 | 1969-1980 | 113 | |||
| Top 10 results | 1990-2006 | 231 | 1993-2009 | 198 | |||
| World Cup starts | 1990-2006 | 423 | 1993-2009 | 408 | |||
| Youngest race winner | 1973 | 18.1 | 1973 | 16.2 | |||
| Oldest race winner | 2012 | 37.5 | 2006 | 32.9 | |||
| Youngest performance | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Oldest performance | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Consecutive wins (all disciplines) |
1977-1978 | 10 | 1989 | 10 | |||
| Consecutive wins (single discipline) |
1978-1980 | 15 | 1989-1990 | 12 | |||
| Consecutive podiums (all disciplines) |
1979-1981 | 41 | 1979-1980 | 14 | |||
| Consecutive podiums (single discipline) |
1977-1982 | 37 | 1971-1974 | 23 | |||
| Top speed (kph) | 2013 | 161.9 | - | - | - | ||
NOTE: Only crystal globe awarded discpline officially counts as titles. And medal's awarded DH, GS, SL disciplines in seasons 1967-1977 as well. Combined crystal globe was officially awarded only in seasons 2007-2012.
Most successful race winners [edit]
A common measurement on how good individual skiers are is often the total number of World Cup races won during the skiing career. The following skiers have won at least 20 World Cup races:
| Rank | Men | Country | Career | Victories | Downhill | Super G | Giant Slalom | Slalom | Combined | Parallel |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ingemar Stenmark | 1973–1989 | 86 | – | – | 46 | 40 | – | – | |
| 2 | Hermann Maier | 1996–2009 | 54 | 15 | 24 | 14 | – | 1 | – | |
| 3 | Alberto Tomba | 1986–1998 | 50 | – | – | 15 | 35 | – | – | |
| 4 | Marc Girardelli | 1980–1996 | 46 | 3 | 9 | 7 | 16 | 11 | – | |
| 5 | Pirmin Zurbriggen | 1981–1990 | 40 | 10 | 10 | 7 | 2 | 11 | – | |
| 6 | Benjamin Raich | 1997–active | 36 | – | 1 | 14 | 14 | 7 | – | |
| 7 | Bode Miller | 1997–active | 33 | 8 | 5 | 9 | 5 | 6 | – | |
| 8 | Stephan Eberharter | 1989–2004 | 29 | 18 | 6 | 5 | – | – | – | |
| 9 | Phil Mahre | 1975–1984 | 27 | – | – | 7 | 9 | 11 | – | |
| 10 | Franz Klammer | 1972–1985 | 26 | 25 | – | – | – | 1 | – | |
| Ivica Kostelić | 1998–active | 26 | – | 1 | – | 15 | 9 | 1 | ||
| 12 | Peter Müller | 1977–1992 | 24 | 19 | 2 | – | – | 3 | – | |
| Gustav Thöni | 1969–1980 | 24 | – | NA | 11 | 8 | 4 | 1 | ||
| 14 | Michael von Grünigen | 1989–2003 | 23 | – | 23 | – | – | – | ||
| 15 | Kjetil André Aamodt | 1989–2006 | 21 | 1 | 5 | 6 | 1 | 8 | – | |
| Didier Cuche | 1993–2012 | 21 | 12 | 6 | 3 | – | – | – | ||
| Aksel Lund Svindal | 2001–active | 21 | 6 | 10 | 4 | – | 1 | – |
- See also the complete list of Alpine skiing World Cup race winners – Men
| Rank | Women | Country | Career | Victories | Downhill | Super G | Giant Slalom | Slalom | Combined | Parallel |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Annemarie Moser-Pröll | 1969–1980 | 62 | 36 | NA | 16 | 3 | 7 | – | |
| 2 | Lindsey Vonn | 2000–active | 59 | 29 | 20 | 3 | 2 | 5 | – | |
| 3 | Vreni Schneider | 1984–1995 | 55 | – | – | 20 | 34 | 1 | – | |
| 4 | Renate Götschl | 1993–2009 | 46 | 24 | 17 | – | 1 | 4 | – | |
| 5 | Anja Pärson | 1998–2012 | 42 | 6 | 4 | 11 | 18 | 3 | – | |
| 6 | Katja Seizinger | 1989–1998 | 36 | 16 | 16 | 4 | – | – | – | |
| 7 | Marlies Schild | 2001–active | 35 | – | – | 1 | 33 | 1 | – | |
| 8 | Hanni Wenzel | 1972–1984 | 33 | 2 | – | 12 | 11 | 8 | – | |
| 9 | Erika Hess | 1978–1987 | 31 | – | – | 6 | 21 | 4 | – | |
| 10 | Janica Kostelić | 1998–2006 | 30 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 20 | 6 | – | |
| 11 | Michela Figini | 1983–1990 | 26 | 17 | 3 | 2 | – | 4 | – | |
| 12 | Maria Walliser | 1980–1990 | 25 | 14 | 3 | 6 | – | 2 | – | |
| Michaela Dorfmeister | 1991–2006 | 25 | 7 | 10 | 8 | – | – | – | ||
| 14 | Pernilla Wiberg | 1990–2002 | 24 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 14 | 3 | – | |
| Marie-Theres Nadig | 1971–1981 | 24 | 13 | NA | 6 | – | 5 | – | ||
| Lise-Marie Morerod | 1973–1980 | 24 | – | NA | 14 | 10 | – | – | ||
| Maria Höfl-Riesch | 2001-active | 24 | 8 | 3 | – | 9 | 4 | – | ||
| 18 | Carole Merle | 1981–1994 | 22 | – | 12 | 10 | – | – | – | |
| Tina Maze | 1999–active | 22 | 2 | 1 | 13 | 3 | 3 | – | ||
| 20 | Hilde Gerg | 1993–2005 | 20 | 7 | 8 | – | 1 | 3 | 1 |
- See also the complete list of Alpine skiing World Cup race winners – Women
NOTE: WC Parallel slalom from (1975 and 1997) and all WC City Events are included in the counts of World Cup wins, podiums, and top 10 results.
All-event winners [edit]
Only a few of the most versatile racers have ever managed to win races in all five World Cup alpine skiing disciplines during their career, as listed in the table below. Marc Girardelli (1988–89), Petra Kronberger (1990–91), Janica Kostelić (2005–6) and Tina Maze (2012–13) are the only skiers to have won all five events in a single season. Of these, Tina Maze is the only one to have won five different events in a row within a single season (2012-13, between December 16 and March 2). Bode Miller is the only skier with at least five World Cup victories in all five disciplines. Since the combined was not introduced until the 1974–75 season and the Super G until 1982–83, the following list also includes those racers who won races in all disciplines contested during their World Cup careers (events not contested are marked by NA).
Men [edit]
| Name | Country | Career | Victories | Downhill | Super G | Giant Slalom | Slalom | Combined |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 events | ||||||||
| Marc Girardelli | 1980–1996 | 46 | 3 | 9 | 7 | 16 | 11 | |
| Pirmin Zurbriggen | 1981–1990 | 40 | 10 | 10 | 7 | 2 | 11 | |
| Bode Miller | 1997–active | 33 | 8 | 5 | 9 | 5 | 6 | |
| Kjetil André Aamodt | 1989–2006 | 21 | 1 | 5 | 6 | 1 | 8 | |
| Günther Mader | 1982–1998 | 14 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 4 | |
| 3 events (before 1975) | ||||||||
| Jean-Claude Killy | 1967–1968 | 18 | 6 | NA | 7 | 5 | NA | |
| Henri Duvillard | 1967–1973 | 6 | 3 | NA | 2 | 1 | NA | |
Women [edit]
| Name | Country | Career | Victories | Downhill | Super G | Giant Slalom | Slalom | Combined |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 events | ||||||||
| Lindsey Vonn | 2000–active | 59 | 29 | 20 | 3 | 2 | 5 | |
| Anja Pärson | 1998–2012 | 42 | 6 | 4 | 11 | 18 | 3 | |
| Janica Kostelić | 1998–2006 | 30 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 20 | 6 | |
| Pernilla Wiberg | 1990–2002 | 24 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 14 | 3 | |
| Tina Maze | 1999–active | 22 | 2 | 1 | 13 | 3 | 3 | |
| Petra Kronberger | 1987–1992 | 16 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | |
| 4 events (before 1982) | ||||||||
| Annemarie Moser-Pröll | 1969–1980 | 62 | 36 | NA | 16 | 3 | 7 | |
| 3 events (before 1975) | ||||||||
| Nancy Greene | 1967–1968 | 14 | 3 | NA | 8 | 3 | NA | |
| Françoise Macchi | 1968–1972 | 10 | 2 | NA | 6 | 2 | NA | |
Michèle Jacot, the only female French alpine skiing World Cup overall winner (1970), would be part of this list, if only she had finished her career (1968–1975) one year earlier; from 1969–1971 she achieved 10 victories (1 downhill, 6 giant slaloms, 3 slaloms), but in her last season 1974–75 the combined was introduced, and she could not add a victory in this discipline.
Most race wins in a single season [edit]
The following skiers have won at least 10 World Cup races in a single season (events not available in a given season are marked by NA):
| Men | Country | Season | Victories | Downhill | Super G | Giant Slalom | Slalom | Combined |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ingemar Stenmark | 1978–1979 | 13 | – | NA | 10 | 3 | – | |
| Hermann Maier | 2000–2001 | 13 | 5 | 3 | 5 | – | – | |
| Jean-Claude Killy | 1967 | 12 | 5 | NA | 4 | 3 | NA | |
| Ingemar Stenmark | 1979–1980 | 11 | – | NA | 6 | 5 | – | |
| Marc Girardelli | 1984–1985 | 11 | – | 2 | 2 | 7 | – | |
| Pirmin Zurbriggen | 1986–1987 | 11 | 5 | 1 | 3 | – | 2 | |
| Alberto Tomba | 1994–1995 | 11 | – | – | 4 | 7 | – | |
| Ingemar Stenmark | 1976–1977 | 10 | – | NA | 3 | 7 | – | |
| Ingemar Stenmark | 1980–1981 | 10 | – | NA | 6 | 4 | – | |
| Hermann Maier | 1997–1998 | 10 | 2 | 4 | 3 | – | 1 | |
| Hermann Maier | 1999–2000 | 10 | 3 | 4 | 3 | – | – | |
| Stephan Eberharter | 2001–2002 | 10 | 6 | 3 | 1 | – | – |
| Women | Country | Season | Victories | Downhill | Super G | Giant Slalom | Slalom | Combined |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vreni Schneider | 1988–1989 | 14 | – | – | 6 | 7 | 1 | |
| Lindsey Vonn | 2011–2012 | 12 | 5 | 4 | 2 | – | 1 | |
| Annemarie Moser-Pröll | 1972–1973 | 11 | 8 | NA | 3 | – | NA | |
| Anja Pärson | 2003–2004 | 11 | – | – | 5 | 6 | – | |
| Lindsey Vonn | 2009–2010 | 11 | 6 | 4 | – | – | 1 | |
| Tina Maze | 2012–2013 | 11 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 2 | |
| Annemarie Moser-Pröll | 1974–1975 | 10 | 2 | NA | 5 | – | 3 |
Best season starts [edit]
The most points achieved after first 10 events in the beginning of a World Cup season calendar since 1991 when current ranking system was introduced.
| # | Season | Women | Points |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | 2013 | 677 | |
| 2. | 1998 | 643 | |
| 3. | 1999 | 625 | |
| 4. | 2012 | 599 | |
| 5. | 2011 | 581 |
| # | Season | Men | Points |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | 2005 | 730 | |
| 2. | 2000 | 680 | |
| 3. | 2001 | 616 | |
| 4. | 1996 | 590 | |
| 5. | 1992 | 581 |
Most race wins in consecutive seasons [edit]
Two consecutive seasons:
| Men | Country | Seasons | Victories |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ingemar Stenmark | 1979 & 1980 | 24 | |
| Hermann Maier | 2000 & 2001 | 23 | |
| Ingemar Stenmark | 1980 & 1981 | 21 | |
| Ingemar Stenmark | 1978 & 1979 | 20 | |
| Stephan Eberharter | 2002 & 2003 | 19 |
| Women | Country | Seasons | Victories |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lindsey Vonn | 2009 & 2010 | 20 | |
| Lindsey Vonn | 2011 & 2012 | 20 | |
| Annemarie Moser-Pröll | 1972 & 1973 | 19 | |
| Vreni Schneider | 1989 & 1990 | 19 | |
| Lindsey Vonn | 2010 & 2011 | 19 |
Three consecutive seasons:
| Men | Country | Seasons | Victories |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ingemar Stenmark | 1979, 1980, 1981 | 34 | |
| Ingemar Stenmark | 1978, 1979, 1980 | 31 | |
| Ingemar Stenmark | 1977, 1978, 1979 | 30 | |
| Hermann Maier | 1999, 2000, 2001 | 30 | |
| Hermann Maier | 1998, 1999, 2000 | 27 |
| Women | Country | Seasons | Victories |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lindsey Vonn | 2010, 2011, 2012 | 31 | |
| Lindsey Vonn | 2009, 2010, 2011 | 28 | |
| Annemarie Moser-Pröll | 1971, 1972, 1973 | 26 | |
| Lindsey Vonn | 2008, 2009, 2010 | 26 | |
| Lindsey Vonn | 2011, 2012, 2013 | 26 |
Four consecutive seasons:
| Men | Country | Seasons | Victories |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ingemar Stenmark | 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980 | 41 | |
| Ingemar Stenmark | 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981 | 41 | |
| Hermann Maier | 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001 | 40 | |
| Ingemar Stenmark | 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982 | 39 | |
| Ingemar Stenmark | 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979 | 36 |
| Women | Country | Seasons | Victories |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lindsey Vonn | 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 | 40 | |
| Lindsey Vonn | 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 | 37 | |
| Lindsey Vonn | 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 | 34 | |
| Annemarie Moser-Pröll | 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975 | 33 | |
| Annemarie Moser-Pröll | 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974 | 30 |
Five consecutive seasons:
| Men | Country | Seasons | Victories |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ingemar Stenmark | 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981 | 51 | |
| Ingemar Stenmark | 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980 | 47 | |
| Ingemar Stenmark | 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982 | 46 | |
| Ingemar Stenmark | 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983 | 44 | |
| Ingemar Stenmark | 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979 | 41 | |
| Hermann Maier | 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001 | 41 |
| Women | Country | Seasons | Victories |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lindsey Vonn | 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 | 46 | |
| Lindsey Vonn | 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 | 46 | |
| Annemarie Moser-Pröll | 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975 | 40 | |
| Lindsey Vonn | 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 | 37 | |
| Anja Pärson | 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 | 33 |
Youngest and oldest World Cup winners [edit]
The youngest person ever to win a World Cup race is Pamela Behr of West Germany, who won a slalom in Val d'Isere, France, in December 1972 at the age of 16 years, 79 days — it would be the only World Cup race win of her nine-year career. Several other women have also won World Cup races at age 16.[5]
The youngest men's World Cup race winner is Piero Gros of Italy, who won a giant slalom in Val d'Isere, France, in December 1972 (one day before Pamela Behr's win) at the age of 18 years, 39 days. Gros would win a slalom race only nine days later, and go on to win 12 World Cup races during his ten-year career. Several other men have also won World Cup races at age 18.[6]
The oldest person ever to win a World Cup race is Didier Cuche of Switzerland, who has won three downhills and a Super-G during the 2011–2012 season, most recently at Crans Montana, Switzerland in February 2012 at the age of 37 years, 192 days. No other men have won a World Cup race beyond the age of 36.[6]
The oldest women's World Cup race winner is Michaela Dorfmeister of Austria, who won a Super G in Hafjell, Norway, in March 2006 at the age of 32 years, 343 days. Two of her Austrian teammates, Alexandra Meissnitzer and Anita Wachter, have also won World Cup races at age 32.[5]
The youngest overall World Cup winner is Annemarie Moser-Pröll of Austria, who won the women's 1971 Alpine Skiing World Cup at the age of 17. She would go on to repeat as overall champion for the next four seasons (1972–1975), along with a 6th overall title in 1979. The youngest men's overall winner is Piero Gros of Italy, who won the men's 1974 Alpine Skiing World Cup at the age of 19 for his only overall title.[7]
The oldest overall World Cup winner is Stephan Eberharter of Austria, who won the men's 2003 Alpine Skiing World Cup at the age of 33, his 2nd consecutive overall title. The oldest women's overall winner is Vreni Schneider of Switzerland, who won the women's 1995 Alpine Skiing World Cup at the age of 30 for her 3rd overall title.[7]
World Cup scoring system [edit]
The World Cup scoring system is based on awarding a number of points for each place in a race, but the procedure for doing so and the often-arcane method used to calculate the annual champions has varied greatly over the years. Originally, points were awarded only to the top 10 finishers in each race, with 25 points for the winner, 20 for second, 15 for third, 11 for fourth, 8 for fifth, 6 for sixth, 4 for seventh, and then decreasing by 1 point for each lower place. To determine the winner for each discipline World Cup, only a racer's best 3 results would count, even though there would typically be 6–8 races in each discipline. For the overall Cup, the best three results in each discipline would be summed. Until 1970, also the results of Winter Olympic Games races and Alpine World Ski Championship races were included in the World Cup valuation (i.e. Grenoble 1968 and Val Gardena 1970); this was abandoned after 1970, mainly due to the limited number of racers per nation who are admitted to take part in these events. For the 1971–72 season, the number of results counted was increased to 5 in each discipline. The formula used to determine the overall winner varied almost every year over the next decade, with some seasons divided into two portions with a fixed number of results in each period counting towards the overall, while in other seasons the best 3 or 4 results in each discipline would count.
Starting with the 1979–80 season, points were awarded to the top 15 finishers in each race. After 1980–81, the formula for the overall title stabilized for several years, counting the best 5 results in the original disciplines (slalom, giant slalom, and downhill) plus the best 3 results in combined. When Super G events were introduced for the 1982–83 season, the results were included with giant slalom for the first three seasons, before a separate discipline Cup was awarded starting in 1985–86 and the top 3 Super G results were counted towards the overall. The formula for the overall was changed yet again the following season, with the top 4 results in each discipline counting, along with all combined results (although the combined was nearly eliminated from the schedule, reduced to only 1 or 2 events per season).
This perennial tweaking of the scoring formula was a source of ongoing uncertainty to the World Cup racers and to fans. The need for a complete overhaul of the scoring system had grown increasingly urgent with each successive year, and in 1987–88 the FIS decided to fully simplify the system: all results would now count in each discipline and in the overall. This new system was an immediate success, and the practice of counting all results has been maintained in every subsequent season. With the ongoing expansion of the number and quality of competitors in World Cup races over the years, a major change to the scoring system was implemented in the 1991–92 season. The top 30 finishers in each race would now earn points, with 100 for the winner, 80 for second, 60 for third, and then decreasing by smaller increments for each lower place. The point values were adjusted slightly the following season (to reduce the points for places 4th through 20th), and the scoring system has not been changed again since that year. The table below compares the point values under all five scoring systems which have been in use:
| Place | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current System 1993– |
100 | 80 | 60 | 50 | 45 | 40 | 36 | 32 | 29 | 26 | 24 | 22 | 20 | 18 | 16 | 15 | 14 | 13 | 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| 1992 System 1992 |
100 | 80 | 60 | 55 | 51 | 47 | 43 | 40 | 37 | 34 | 31 | 28 | 26 | 24 | 22 | 20 | 18 | 16 | 14 | 12 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| Top 15 System 1980–1991 |
25 | 20 | 15 | 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | |||||||||||||||
| 1979 System † 1979 |
25 | 24 | 23 | 22 | 21 | 20 | 19 | 18 | 17 | 16 | 15 | 14 | 13 | 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | |||||
| Original System 1967–1979 |
25 | 20 | 15 | 11 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||
† NOTE: The scoring system changed during the 1978–79 season; this special system was used for the last 2 men's downhills and the last 3 races in every other discipline except combined.
Statistical Analysis [edit]
Since the Top 30 scoring system was implemented in 1991–92., the number of completed men's or women's World Cup races each year has ranged from 30 to 44, so the maximum possible point total for an individual racer is about 3000–4400 under the current scoring system. However, very few racers actually ski in all events; for example, Bode Miller was "the only skier to have competed in every World Cup race"[8] during the three seasons from 2003–2005. The current record for total World Cup points in a season is Tina Maze's 2414 points in 2012–13, with the men's record of 2000 points set by Hermann Maier in 1999–2000. The fewest points for an overall champion under the current system thus far have been 1009 for men by Aksel Lund Svindal in 2008-9 and 1248 for women by Vreni Schneider in 1994–95. The largest margin of victory in the overall has been Maze's 1313 points in 2012-13, more than doubling second place finisher Maria Höfl-Rieschs total, while the largest men's margin was 743 points by Hermann Maier in 2000-1. Note that in the early days of World Cup (when the first place was awarded only 25 points), even larger relative margins of victory were recorded in 1967 by Jean-Claude Killy with 225 points over Heinrich Messner with 114 points and in 1973–74 by Annemarie Moser-Pröll with 268 points over Monika Kaserer with 153 points. The closest finishes since 1992 have been minuscule margins of 6 points in 1994–95 (Vreni Schneider over Katja Seizinger), 3 points in 2004-5 (Anja Pärson over Janica Kostelić) and in 2010–11 (Maria Riesch over Lindsey Vonn), and only 2 points in 2008-9 (Aksel Lund Svindal over Benjamin Raich). The current men's record for total World Cup points in one month of the season is Ivica Kostelić's 999 points from January 2011.
The tables below contain a brief statistical analysis of the overall World Cup standings during the 21 seasons since the Top 30 scoring system was implemented in 1991–92. In general, over 1000 points are needed to contend for the overall title. At least 1 man and 1 woman has scored 1000 points in each of these seasons, but no more than 5 men's or women's racers have crossed that threshold in any single season. Of the 42 men's and women's overall champions in these years, 38 scored over 1200 points, 30 had over 1300 points, 19 reached 1500 points, and only 7 amassed more than 1700 points during their winning seasons. As for the runners-up, 37 of the 42 second-place finishers scored over 1000 points, 18 had over 1300 points, and only 4 reached 1500 points yet failed to win. Most overall titles have been won quite convincingly, by more than 200 points in 23 of 42 cases, while only 11 margins of victory have been tighter than 50 points.
| Men's Overall World Cup | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Races Completed | 1st Place Points | Margin of Victory | 2nd Place Points | 3rd Place Points | Number of Skiers per Season: | |||
| > 1000 Pts | > 500 Pts | > 200 Pts | ||||||
| Maximum | 44 | 2000 | 743 | 1454 | 1307 | 5 | 21 | 50 |
| Average | 35.4 | 1414 | 258 | 1155 | 1001 | 2.5 | 14 | 41 |
| Minimum | 30 | 1009 | 2 | 775 | 760 | 1 | 8 | 37 |
| Women's Overall World Cup | ||||||||
| Races Completed | 1st Place Points | Margin of Victory | 2nd Place Points | 3rd Place Points | Number of Skiers per Season: | |||
| > 1000 Pts | > 500 Pts | > 200 Pts | ||||||
| Maximum | 39 | 1980 | 578 | 1725 | 1391 | 5 | 19 | 45 |
| Average | 33.4 | 1570 | 244 | 1326 | 1117 | 3.3 | 13 | 37 |
| Minimum | 30 | 1248 | 3 | 931 | 904 | 1 | 9 | 32 |
| Men's and Women's Overall World Cups: Total Numbers Across 21 Seasons | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > 1700 Pts | > 1500 Pts | > 1300 Pts | > 1200 Pts | > 1100 Pts | > 1000 Pts | > 900 Pts | > 800 Pts | |
| First Place | 7 | 19 | 30 | 38 | 41 | 42 | 42 | 42 |
| Second Place | 1 | 4 | 18 | 24 | 28 | 37 | 40 | 41 |
| Third Place | – | – | 4 | 7 | 15 | 27 | 36 | 40 |
| > 600 Pts | > 500 Pts | > 400 Pts | > 300 Pts | > 200 Pts | > 100 Pts | >= 50 Pts | < 50 Pts | |
| Margin of Victory | 2 | 6 | 10 | 19 | 23 | 28 | 31 | 11 |
World Cup Finals [edit]
Since 1993 the International Ski Federation (FIS) has hosted a World Cup Final at the end of each season in March. During five days, men's and women's races are held in four disciplines: slalom, giant slalom, Super G, and downhill. Only a limited number of racers are invited to ski at the Finals, including the top 25 in the World Cup standings in each discipline, plus the current junior World Champions in each discipline. Because of the smaller field, World Cup points are only awarded to the top 15 finishers in each race.
Hosts of the World Cup Finals:
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The 2004 final was held in all FIS disciplines except Ski Jumping. The Freestyle events were held in neighbouring Sauze d'Oulx and the Snowboard events in Bardonecchia. The 2008 final was held in all FIS disciplines except Ski Jumping. The Freestyle and Snowboard events were held in neighbouring Valmalenco.
Team Events [edit]
World Cup [edit]
| Venue | Date | Winner | Second | Third |
| 19 March 2006 | ||||
| 16 March 2007 | ||||
| 16 March 2008 | canceled due to fog, rain | |||
| 28 March 2009 | ||||
| 14 March 2010 | ||||
| 20 March 2011 | ||||
| 16 March 2012 | ||||
| 20 March 2013 | ||||
Parallel Slalom/City Event [edit]
Exhibition [edit]
| Venue | Date | Men | Women |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parallel Slalom | |||
| Mar 20, 1976 | |||
| Mar 26, 1977 | |||
| Mar 19, 1978 | |||
| Dec 14, 1978 | no competition | ||
| Mar 16, 1980 | |||
| Mar 30, 1981 | |||
| Mar 28, 1982 | |||
| Mar 21, 1983 | |||
| Mar 25, 1984 | |||
| Jan 06, 1986 | no competition | ||
| Mar 23, 1986 | |||
| Dec 28, 1986 | no competiton | ||
| Jan 18, 1987 | – | ||
| Dec 22, 1987 | |||
| Mar 27, 1988 | |||
| Mar 11, 1989 | |||
| Mar 24, 1991 | |||
World Cup [edit]
| Venue | Date | Men | Women |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parallel Slalom | |||
| Mar 23–24, 1975 | |||
| Oct 24, 1997 | |||
| Nov 28, 1997 | no competition | ||
| City Event/Parallel | |||
| Jan 02, 2011 | |||
| Jan 01, 2012 | cancelled | cancelled | |
| Feb 21, 2012 | |||
| Jan 01, 2013 | |||
| Jan 29, 2013 | |||
NOTE: Ivano Edalini's win in parallel slalom in Vienna on January 6, 1986 is counted as World Cup victory only on FIS official site statistics. However official Ski-Database site doesn't count it in official statistics while points were awarded only for team rankings. The 1986 Vienna event was the 1st ever FIS Alpine Ski World Cup race held under floodlights.
Parallel slalom exhibition events (1976–1991) held by the end of the FIS Ski World Cup season on World Cup venues with all the best World Cup skiers participating, but not counting for World points or statistics. Parallel events in 1986 Berlin, 1986 Munich, 1987 Munich and 2009 Moscow were just promotional and are not included in this list. Berlin hosted promotional event in 1986 for men only. Munich's Olympic Hill hosted two women's parallel slalom demonstration events with about 50,000 spectators on each events. In 2009 Parallel Slalom was renamed in City Event first performed in Moscow.
Nations Cup [edit]
The Nations Cup standings are calculated by adding up all points each season for all racers from a given nation.
| Year | Total Standings | Men's Standings | Women's Standings | ||||||||
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The early years of the World Cup were largely dominated by the French ski team, as reflected in their Nations Cup wins in 5 of the first 6 years. The Austrian team then took over throughout the rest of the 1970s, followed by Swiss superiority during most of the 1980s. A resurgent Austrian team charged back to the top in 1990, beginning a long streak of consecutive Nations Cup triumphs. Austrian dominance reached its zenith in the late 1990s and 2000s (decade), when their point total regularly doubled that of the second place finisher, and was capped in the 1999–2000 and 2003–4 seasons with totals that tripled those of runner-up Italy. Their 17927 point total in 1999–2000 is a Nations Cup record, as is their 12066 point margin of victory in 2003–4.
As of the end of the 2011–12 season, the Austrian team has won 23 consecutive Nations Cups, while topping the men's standings for 20 straight years and the women's for 14 in a row. Austria is the only nation to have finished in the top 3 of the Nations Cup standings in all 46 years in which World Cup competition has been held, winning in 33 of those years, runner-up in 12 years, and third place in a single year. In the midst of the ongoing Austrian juggernaut, the Swiss or Italian teams have usually held second place. The German team reached the runner-up spot for the first time in 1997–8, as did the Norwegians the next season. The USA enjoyed its best placings ever starting in 2004–5, grabbing second in the Nations Cup for two straight years.
Under the current scoring system (since 1992), the winning nation (Austria every year) has averaged over 13000 points, with an average of over 6400 for the runner-up, 5400 for third place, 4200 for fifth, and 1300 for tenth. The all-inclusive scoring system (simply adding together all World Cup points earned) favors national teams with great depth and many racers scoring World Cup points, and even teams with several top racers have no realistic chance of breaking the Austrian grip on the top spot, while a team with only one or two top-ranked racers will struggle to ever break the top five in the standings. There have been numerous calls for a revamped scoring system which would allow other nations to compete more readily for top spots in the Nations Cup, but no changes are likely to be made.[9]
The total number of top-three placings for each nation in the Nations Cup (through the 2011–12 season) are summarized below:
| Nation | Total Standings | Men's Standings | Women's Standings | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First | Second | Third | First | Second | Third | First | Second | Third | |||
| 33 | 12 | 1 | 35 | 9 | 1 | 27 | 12 | 5 | |||
| 8 | 21 | 10 | 5 | 25 | 11 | 10 | 8 | 7 | |||
| 5 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 4 | |||
| – | 6 | 14 | 3 | 5 | 17 | – | 1 | 6 | |||
| – | 3 | 9 | – | 2 | 3 | – | 8 | 9 | |||
| – | 1 | 9 | – | – | 1 | 4 | 12 | 12 | |||
| – | 1 | – | – | 2 | 7 | – | – | – | |||
| – | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | |||
| – | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | |||
| – | – | – | – | – | 4 | – | 1 | 1 | |||
NOTE: Results for West Germany and Germany are counted together in this table.
Nations which have won World Cup races [edit]
The table below lists those nations which have won at least one World Cup race (current as of March 17, 2013).[10][11]
| Nation | Total Victories | Victories by Discipline | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | Women | Team | All | Downhill | Super G | Giant Slalom | Slalom | Combined | Parallel | Team | ||||||||||||||
| 448 | 347 | 3 | 798 | 168 | 110 | 70 | 51 | 87 | 82 | 99 | 82 | 22 | 21 | 2 | 1 | 3 | ||||||||
| 258 | 277 | – | 535 | 115 | 81 | 30 | 22 | 71 | 73 | 13 | 76 | 29 | 25 | – | – | – | ||||||||
| 117 | 152 | – | 269 | 29 | 24 | 4 | 23 | 24 | 44 | 56 | 60 | 3 | – | 1 | 1 | – | ||||||||
| 115 | 144 | – | 259 | 26 | 53 | 9 | 24 | 37 | 20 | 25 | 37 | 18 | 9 | – | 1 | – | ||||||||
| 168 | 66 | 1 | 235 | 29 | 15 | 12 | 11 | 49 | 27 | 72 | 12 | 5 | 1 | 1 | – | 1 | ||||||||
| 35 | 177 | 1 | 213 | 6 | 45 | 6 | 42 | 1 | 46 | 19 | 30 | 2 | 12 | 1 | 2 | 1 | ||||||||
| 115 | 77 | – | 192 | – | 8 | 3 | 8 | 53 | 14 | 59 | 40 | – | 6 | – | 1 | – | ||||||||
| 97 | 8 | – | 105 | 24 | – | 22 | 2 | 21 | 4 | 17 | 2 | 13 | – | – | – | – | ||||||||
| 34 | 37 | – | 71 | 27 | 15 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 10 | – | 6 | – | 1 | – | – | – | ||||||||
| 23 | 45 | – | 68 | 2 | 2 | – | 4 | 1 | 20 | 20 | 16 | – | 3 | – | – | – | ||||||||
| 24 | 37 | – | 61 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 13 | 8 | 13 | 6 | 8 | – | – | – | ||||||||
| 26 | 30 | – | 56 | – | 1 | 1 | 1 | – | 2 | 15 | 20 | 9 | 6 | 1 | – | – | ||||||||
| 46 | – | – | 46 | 3 | – | 9 | – | 7 | – | 16 | – | 11 | – | – | – | – | ||||||||
| 14 | 11 | – | 25 | – | – | – | – | 4 | 5 | 10 | 6 | – | – | – | – | – | ||||||||
| 1 | 11 | – | 12 | – | 1 | – | – | – | 7 | 1 | 3 | – | – | – | – | – | ||||||||
| – | 5 | – | 5 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 5 | – | – | – | – | – | ||||||||
| – | 5 | – | 5 | – | 4 | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||||||||
| 5 | – | – | 5 | 1 | – | – | – | 3 | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||||||||
| – | 2 | 1 | 3 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 | – | – | – | – | 1 | ||||||||
| – | 3 | – | 3 | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | 1 | – | – | – | ||||||||
| 2 | 1 | – | 3 | 1 | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | ||||||||
| – | 2 | – | 2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | 1 | – | ||||||||
| 1 | 1 | – | 2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | ||||||||
| 1 | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||||||||
| Totals | 1530 | 1438 | 6 | 2974 | 434 | 362 | 175 | 195 | 364 | 367 | 433 | 414 | 118 | 93 | 6 | 7 | 6 | |||||||
NOTE: Ivano Edalini's win in parallel slalom in Vienna on January 6, 1986 is counted as World Cup victory only on FIS official site statistics. However official Ski-Database site doesn't count it as World Cup victory and is not counted in official statistics.
Individual race wins are counted in this table, along with the nations team events held at World Cup Finals since 2006 (counts double as both men & women in mixed competition contribute to a win). The "parallel race" is a head-to-head slalom race format used occasionally from the 1970s through 1990s, and again in 2011. Parallel slalom (from 1975 and 1997) and all City Events counts for official World Cup points & statistics. Team event wins are doubled (because on one team event race competed both women and men; so it's counted separately each for women and men). Results for West Germany and Germany are counted together in this table. All of Yugoslavia's wins are currently lumped in with Slovenia, since the skiers who won races for former Yugoslavia were all Slovenes from Slovenia (one of six Yugoslav Republics), and thus are listed under Slovenia in online databases. The Soviet Union and Russia are counted separately, as are Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic.
A total of 24 countries have won World Cup races, with 19 different countries winning men's races and 20 winning women's races. As expected, the top 10 nations in this list are the same as the 10 nations listed in the Nations Cup summary table (with slight changes in order).
Some interesting facts can be found in the data: Marc Girardelli accounted for all of Luxembourg's 46 wins, while Janica Kostelić has 30 of Croatia's 56 and her brother Ivica has the rest. Ingemar Stenmark still has nearly one-half of Sweden's 192 wins more than two decades after his retirement. Some nations specialize in either speed (downhill and Super G) or technical (slalom and GS) disciplines, while others are strong across the board. Among nations with 30+ wins, the Canadian team has won 73% of its races in speed events, while Yugoslavia/Slovenia has won 84% and Sweden 86% of their races in technical events, especially notable in Sweden's case given its large number of wins. Several nations with under 30 wins have 100% of them in technical events, led by Finland and Spain. In contrast Germany and Norway have the most even distribution without disproportionate strength or weakness in any one discipline. Some nations have strong teams in only one gender, as 92% of Norway's wins have come from their men and 83% of Germany's from their women, while the Swiss and Canadian totals are split almost equally.
See also [edit]
References [edit]
- ^ Lang, Serge (1986). 21 Years of World Cup Ski Racing. Johnson Books / James Wotton. ISBN 1-55566-009-6. Also available under ISBN 0-246-13116-0.
- ^ FIS NewsFlash, Edition 72, April 26th, 2006
- ^ Lang, Patrick. "World Cup History: The FIS Alpine Skiing World Cup". Retrieved 14 December 2008.
- ^ "FIS: Complete Calendar of Alpine Ski World Cup Races". Retrieved 12 February 2012.
- ^ a b "World Cup Women's Age Stats". Ski-db.com. Retrieved 2012-01-28.
- ^ a b "World Cup Men's Age Stats". Ski-db.com. Retrieved 2012-01-28.
- ^ a b "Overall Alpine Ski World Cup Winners". Ski-db.com. Retrieved 2012-01-28.
- ^ Bulman, Erica (2005-10-22). "World Cup Skiing: Miller pushes limits on slopes despite desire". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette.
- ^ "Black Diamonds: Nations Cup more than half empty". Ski Racing. Retrieved 2007-02-21.
- ^ "World Cup Men's Races, Team Stats". Ski-db.com. Retrieved 2010-12-14.
- ^ "World Cup Women's Races, Team Stats". Ski-db.com. Retrieved 2011-01-05.
External links [edit]
- FisAlpine.com FIS Alpine World Cup – Official website
- SkiWorldCup.org – History of the World Cup – by Serge Lang (see also ISHA: History of the World Cup)
- FIS-ski.com – official results for FIS alpine World Cup events
- Ski-db.com – World Cup results database
- Alpine Canada Alpin/Canadian Alpine Ski Team
- U.S. Ski and Snowboard Association
- U.S. Ski Team
- Podium places in the World Cup Women TOP 150
- Podium places in the World Cup Men TOP 150
- Russian Ski Team
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