John V. Tunney
John V. Tunney | |
|---|---|
 | |
| United States Senator from California | |
| In office January 2, 1971 – January 1, 1977 | |
| Preceded by | George Murphy |
| Succeeded by | S. I. Hayakawa |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from California's 38th district | |
| In office January 3, 1965 – January 2, 1971 | |
| Preceded by | Patrick M. Martin |
| Succeeded by | Victor Veysey |
| Personal details | |
| Born | John Varick Tunney June 26, 1934 New York City, U.S. |
| Died | January 12, 2018 (aged 83) Santa Monica, California, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse(s) |
Mieke Sprengers
(m. 1959; div. 1973)Kathinka Osborne (m. 1977) |
| Children | 3 |
| Parent(s) | Gene Tunney Polly Lauder |
| Relatives | Lauder Greenway Family |
| Education | Yale University (BA) University of Virginia (LLB) |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  United States |
| Branch/service |  United States Air Force |
| Years of service | 1960–1963 |
| Rank |  Captain |
| Unit | Air Force Judge Advocate General's Corps |
John Varick Tunney (June 26, 1934 – January 12, 2018) was an American politician who served as a United States Senator and Representative from the state of California in the 1960s and 1970s.
He was the son of boxing champion Gene Tunney.
Early life and career
Tunney was born in New York City, the son of heavyweight boxing champion J. Joseph Tunney, widely known as "Gene", and Polly Lauder Tunney, a member of the Lauder Greenway Family. He grew up on the family's Star Meadow Farm in Stamford, Connecticut and attended New Canaan Country School and the Westminster School.[1]
Tunney graduated from Yale University in 1956 with a degree in anthropology, where he was a member of the St. Anthony Hall fraternity. He attended The Hague Academy of International Law in the Netherlands and graduated from the University of Virginia School of Law in 1959, where he was a roommate[2][3] of future Massachusetts senator Ted Kennedy, who remained a close friend. Tunney was admitted to the Virginia and New York bars in 1959 and practiced law in New York City. He married his first wife, Mieke Sprengers, on February 5, 1959.[citation needed]
Tunney joined the United States Air Force as a judge advocate and served until he was discharged as a captain in April 1963. He taught business law at the University of California, Riverside in 1961 and 1962. In 1963, he was admitted to practice law in California. He was a special adviser to the President's Committee on Juvenile Delinquency and Youth Crime from 1963 until 1968.
In 1964, Tunney was elected as a Democrat in the United States House of Representatives from California's 38th congressional district (Riverside and Imperial counties). He served from January 3, 1965, until his resignation on January 2, 1971, when he became a senator.
In July 1969, while serving as a congressman, Tunney was called to Hyannisport, Massachusetts by Senator Kennedy, a friend and former college roommate,[4] to assist in dealing with the death of Mary Jo Kopechne following the Chappaquiddick incident. Noting his "service to the state," Tunney was made an honorary member of Phi Sigma Kappa by the fraternity's Cal State Northridge chapter in 1970.[5][6]
United States Senator
In early 1970, Representative Tunney announced that he would seek the Democratic nomination for the Senate. His announcement was followed by that of fellow congressman George Brown, Jr. Their primary battle turned into one of the most bitter in California history. One of the key issues was the military draft. While Brown and Tunney both questioned expanding U.S. involvement in Vietnam, Brown opposed a continuation of the military draft while Tunney favored it. This conflict gave incumbent Republican George Murphy an early lead in the polls. Murphy's staunch support for the Vietnam War hurt his campaign and as the general election approached, Tunney overtook him in the polls. The Murphy campaign suffered another setback when he underwent surgery for throat cancer, weakening his voice to a whisper. The Tunney campaign used his youthful appearance and high energy to contrast with the aging Murphy. His hairstyle and mannerisms drew comparisons to Robert F. Kennedy. Ultimately, Californians split their ticket in the 1970 midterm election, re-electing Republican governor Ronald Reagan and electing Democrat Tunney to the Senate.
During his Senate term, Tunney produced a weekly radio report to California, in which he often interviewed other legislators. In 1974, he authored an antitrust bill known as the Tunney Act. Tunney would later write a book, The Changing Dream, about what he saw as a looming resource crisis.[7][8]
In December 1975, Tunney advocated for using American diplomacy in dealing with the Angolan Civil War. American covert and military support for pro-US rebels there suggested a return to the policies that had led up toward the highly unpopular Vietnam War. The Senate had postponed passage of the annual defense budget because of concerns that the bill contained funds for covert operations against Soviet-backed Angolan rebels. The CIA conducted highly classified briefings for senators, including Tunney, providing an accounting of where money was being spent. However, they failed to persuade him of the policy's usefulness. It was at this time that Tunney introduced an amendment that would cut $33 million from the defense budget that was to be allocated to pro-US rebels for covert operations. That effectively ended current and future covert funding from defense appropriations for Angola. Aid supporters filibustered the cutoff, offered counter-amendments and tried to shelve the amendment in committee.
The Ford administration, which strongly supported the covert operations, asserted that the amendment was a threat to both US-Soviet and US-Cuban relations. Cuba had deployed combat troops to Angola a month earlier. On December 20, 1975, Tunney's amendment passed 54–22 with the support of 16 Republicans. Its passage also increased the power of the Congress in foreign affairs at the expense of the executive branch.
Tunney was renominated for a second term in 1976 despite a high-profile challenge from his left in the form of Tom Hayden. That fall, Tunney was defeated in his reelection bid by Republican S. I. Hayakawa, the former president of San Francisco State University, who had never held elected office. Hayakawa ran as an outsider and highlighted Tunney's numerous travels, missed Senate votes, and poor Senate attendance record during the campaign. He also painted Tunney as a flip-flopper.[9]
Still, Tunney led in the polls right up to election night, despite a steadily shrinking lead as the campaign wore on. Despite Democrat Jimmy Carter's victory in the presidential election, Tunney lost to Hayakawa in a mild upset, though Republican Gerald Ford carried California in the presidential election. Tunney resigned his Senate seat on January 1, 1977, two days before his term would officially expire, to allow Hayakawa to have seniority over other incoming senators.
Throughout Tunney's term as a senator, he served as California's junior senator and served with Alan Cranston.
After his 1976 Senate defeat, Tunney resumed practicing law and was a named partner at Manatt, Phelps, Rothenberg & Tunney (1976–1987). He also served on several corporate boards.
Interest in constitutional rights and government surveillance
In early 1975, soon after becoming chairman of the Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on Constitutional Rights, Tunney asked the subcommittee staff to initiate a long-term comprehensive investigation into the technological aspects of surveillance. The Surveillance Technology Report of 1976 stated that "This investigation of surveillance was the first attempt to organize an immense amount of data in a comprehensive and usable format and to provide a framework for future analyses and, ultimately, for the creation of institutional mechanisms that will diminish the threats posted by surveillance technology." In the preface of the report Tunney stated, "If knowledge is power, then certainly the secret and unlimited acquisition of the most detailed knowledge about the most intimate aspects of a person's thoughts and actions conveys extraordinary power over that person's life and reputation to the snooper who possesses the highly personal information."
Tunney also served as chairman of the Commerce Subcommittee on Science and Technology, and as a member of the Joint Atomic Energy Committee.
Personal life
On May 22, 1972, Tunney's Dutch-born wife Mieke sued for dissolution of their 13-year marriage on the basis of irreconcilable differences. In addition to alimony, child support and half of the community property, she requested custody of the couple's three children.
On April 23, 1977, Tunney married Kathinka Osborne, a member of the 1964 Swedish Olympic ski team, with longtime friend Senator Kennedy serving as the best man.[10]
In February 2003, Tunney joined former Senate colleagues George McGovern and Fred Harris in opposing the Iraq War.
John and Kathinka Tunney lived primarily in Sun Valley, Idaho (with homes also in New York and Los Angeles). He was chairman of the board of the Armand Hammer Museum of Art and Culture Center at UCLA and remained active in environmental causes.[11] Tunney retired from the Hammer Museum board at the end of 2013.[12] In February 2015, a pedestrian bridge at the museum designed by architect Michael Maltzan was named in Tunney's honor.[13]
Writer Jeremy Larner and director Michael Ritchie reportedly based the 1972 film The Candidate, starring Robert Redford, on Tunney's successful Senate race in 1970.[14]
In The Ted Kennedy Jr. Story, a 1986 NBC-TV movie based on Ted Kennedy Jr. losing one of his legs to cancer, Tunney was portrayed by Michael J. Shannon.[15]
Tunney died of prostate cancer on January 12, 2018, in Santa Monica, California at the age of 83.[16]
See also
References
- ^ Leslie, Jacques. "John Tunney, Kennedy's Friend In Muskie's Corner". Retrieved 2018-11-22.
- ^ Boston, Edward M. Kennedy Institute for the United States Senate Columbia Point 210 Morrissey Blvd; Ma 02125. "Interview with John Tunney (2009)". Edward M. Kennedy Institute for the United States Senate.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "John Tunney Oral History (2007), Senator, California". Miller Center. 27 October 2016.
- ^ "John V. Tunney, Edward "Ted" Kennedy and unidentified man at press conference held before meeting of California Democrats". UCLA Library Digital Collections. Los Angeles Times. January 25, 1964. Retrieved 6 November 2021.
John V. Tunney of Riverside, left, son of Gene Tunney, greeted friend and former college roommate, Sen. Edward Kennedy (D-Mass.)
- ^ Phi Sigma Kappa, ed. (1992). Hills and a Star (10th ed.). Indianapolis, Indiana: Phi Sigma Kappa Fraternity. pp. 74–76.
- ^ Anson, Jack L.; Marchenasi, Robert F., eds. (1991) [1879]. Baird's Manual of American College Fraternities (20th ed.). Indianapolis, IN: Baird's Manual Foundation, Inc. p. A-65. ISBN 978-0963715906.
- ^ Merl, John (12 January 2018). "John Tunney, California senator who worked for environmental protection and civil rights, dies at 83". Los Angeles Times.
- ^ Tunney, John V. (1975). The Changing Dream: The Truth About the Material and Energy Crisis and What We Must Do to Resolve It (1 ed.). Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-04850-5. OCLC 1551283.
- ^ "ABC Commercial Breaks - October 18, 1976". YouTube. Archived from the original on 2021-12-12. Retrieved 2020-04-13.
- ^ "Tunney weds former skier", Boca Raton News, April 25, 1977.
- ^ Jean Merl, "The Times catches up with former Sen. John Tunney", Los Angeles Times, July 23, 2013.
- ^ Rebecca Sun, "Producer Marcy Carsey to Chair UCLA's Hammer Museum", The Hollywood Reporter, November 6, 2013.
- ^ Jessica Gelt, "Courtyard bridge by Michael Maltzan to open at Hammer in February", Los Angeles Times, November 19, 2015.
- ^ Projecting Politics: Political Messages in American Films by Terry Christensen and Peter Hass, page 146
- ^ O'Connor, John J. (24 November 1986). "'TED KENNEDY JR. STORY,' A FAMILY BIOGRAPHY (Published 1986)". The New York Times. Retrieved 19 January 2021.
- ^ Schudel, Matt (2018-01-14). "John Tunney, ex-US Senator from California, dies at 83". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2018-01-15.
External links
| Class 1 |  | |
|---|---|---|
| Class 3 | ||
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| People | |
| Other | |
- 1934 births
- 2018 deaths
- Lauder Greenway Family
- Deaths from prostate cancer
- Deaths from cancer in California
- Democratic Party United States senators from California
- The Hague Academy of International Law people
- Members of the United States House of Representatives from California
- Military personnel from New York City
- Politicians from New York City
- University of California, Riverside faculty
- University of Virginia School of Law alumni
- Yale University alumni
- Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from California