List of thermal conductivities

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In heat transfer, the thermal conductivity of a substance, k, is an intensive property that indicates its ability to conduct heat.

This list makes up the data for the smaller list provided in Thermal conductivity.

Please note that mixtures may have variable thermal conductivities due to its composition.

Material Thermal conductivity [W·m−1·K−1] Temperature [K] Electrical conductivity @ 293 K
[Ω−1·m−1]		 Notes
Acrylic Glass (Plexiglas V045i) &100000000000000001866700.17[1]-0.19[1]-0.2[2] &10000000000000296000000296[1] &100000000000000000000007.143E-15[1] - 5.0E-14[1]
Air &100000000000000000242500.024[3][4][5]-0.025[6]
0.0262 (1 bar)[7]
0.0457 (1 bar)[7]		 &10000000000000284250000273[3][4]-293[6]-298[5]
300[7]
600[7]		 &10000000000000000000000hiAerosols2.95[8]-loAerosols7.83[8]×10−15 (N,21%O+0.93%Ar+0.04%CO2) (1 atm)
Alcohols OR Oils &100000000000000001570000.1[5][6]-0.110[9]-0.21[5][6]-0.212[9] &10000000000000297000000293[6]-298[5]-300[9]
Aluminium, pure &10000000000000226800000204.3[10]-205[3]-220[11]-237[6][12][13][14]-250[5]
214.6[10]
249.3[10]		 &10000000000000379000000293[6][10]-298[5][13][14]
366[10]
478[10]		 &1000000003759398496240637,450,000[13] - 37,740,000[15]
Aluminium nitride &10000000000000178332999170[12]-175[16]-190[16] &10000000000000293000000293[16] &100000000000000000000001.0E-11[16]
Aluminium oxide, pure &1000000000000003400000026[17]-30[6]-35[17]-39[12]-40[18] &10000000000000293000000293[6][17][18] &100000000000000000000001.0E-12-[17][18]
Ammonia, saturated &100000000000000005070000.507[9] &10000000000000300000000300[9]
Argon &100000000000000000173800.016[5]-0.01772[14]-0.0179[14][19] &10000000000000299000000298[5][14]-300[14][19]
Beryllium oxide &10000000000000259333329218[12]-260[20]-300[20] &10000000000000293000000293[20] &100000000000000000000001.0E-12[20]
Bismuth &100000000000000079699997.97[14] &10000000000000300000000300[14]
Brass Cu63% &10000000000000125000000125[21] &10000000000000296000000296[21] &1000000001562500000000015,150,000[21] - 16,130,000[21] (Cu63%, Zn37%)
Brass Cu70% &10000000000000113000000109[3][22] - 121[22] &10000000000000295000000293[3]-296[22] &1000000001428571428571412,820,000[22] - 16,130,000[22] (Cu70%, Zn30%)
Brick &100000000000000006875000.15[3]-0.6[3]-0.69[5]-1.31[5] &10000000000000295500000293[3]-298[5]
Bronze &1000000000000003933299926[11]
42[23]-50[10][23]		 &10000000000000295000000293[10]-296[23] &10000000006451612903225
5,882,000[23] - 7,143,000[23]		 Sn25%[11]
(Cu89%, Sn11%)[23]
Calcium silicate &100000000000000004500000.45[24] &10000000000000394000000394[24]
Carbon dioxide &100000000000000000153500.0146[5]-0.01465[25]-0.0168[19](sat. liquid 0.087[26]) &10000000000000290333000298[5]-273[25]-300[19](293[26])
Carbon nanotube &100000000000033400000003180 (multiwall)[27][28]-3500 (single wall)[29]
(SWcalc.6,600[27][30]-37,000[27][30])		 &10000000000000310000000320[27][28]-300[29]
(300[27][30]-100[27][30])		 &10000000000000000000100(Lateral)10−16[31] - (Ballistic)108[31]) SWNT(length:2.6 μm, diameter:1.7 nm)
Concrete &100000000000000010400000.8[3] - 1.28[6] &10000000000000293000000293[6] ~61-67%CaO
Copper, pure &10000000000000385755560385[3]-386[10][11]-390[6]-401[5][14][32]
368.7[10]
353.1[10]		 &10000000000000400500000293[3][5][6][10][14][32]
573[10]
873[10]		 &1000000005938242280285059,170,000[32] - 59,590,000[15] IACS pure =1.7×10−8Ω•m
=58.82×106Ω−1•m−1
Cork &100000000000000000550000.04[3] - 0.07[6] &10000000000000293000000293[6]
Cotton or Plastic Insulation-foamed &100000000000000000300000.03[5][6] &10000000000000293000000293[6]
Diamond, impure &100000000000010000000001,000[3][33] &10000000000000283000000273[33] - 293[3] &100000000000000000000001.0E-16~[34] Type I (98.1% of Gem Diamonds) (C+0.1%N)
Diamond, natural &100000000000022000000002,200[35] &10000000000000293000000293[35] &100000000000000000000001.0E-16~[34] Type-IIA (99%12C and 1%13C)
Diamond, isotopically enriched &100000000000033200000003,320[35]-41,000[27][36](99.999% 12C calc.200,000[36]) &10000000000000293000000293[35]-104[27][36](~80[36]) &10000000000000000000100(Lateral)10−16[34] - (Ballistic)108[34] Type-IIA isotopically enriched (>99.9%12C)
Expanded polystyrene &100000000000000000322500.03[5]-0.033[3][5][33]((PS Only)0.1[37]-0.13[37]) &1000000000000019800000098[33]-298[5][33](296[37]) &100000000000000000000001.0E-14[37] (PS+Air+CO2+CnH2n+x)
Fiberglass or Foam-glass &100000000000000000450000.045[6] &10000000000000293000000293[6]
Gallium arsenide &1000000000000005600000056[33] &10000000000000300000000300[33]
Glass &100000000000000010660000.8[3]-0.93[6](SiO2pure1[12]-SiO296%1.2[38]-1.4[38]) &10000000000000293000000293[3][6][38] &1000000000000000000000010−14[39][40]-10−12[38]-10−10[39][40] <1% Iron oxides
Glycerol &100000000000000002875000.285[9]-0.29[6] &10000000000000296500000300[9]-293[6]
Gold, pure &10000000000000316000000314[3]-315[10]-318[11][14][41] &10000000000000296333329293[10]-298[14][41] &1000000004531037607612145,170,000[15] - 45,450,000[41]
Granite &100000000000000028550001.73[42] - 3.98[42] (72%SiO2+14%Al2O3+4%K2O etc.)
Graphene &10000000000005070000000(4840±440)[43] - (5300±480)[43] &10000000000000293000000293[43] &10000000100000000000000100,000,000[44]
Helium II &10000000000100000000000 >100000 [45] &10000000000000002200000 2.2 liquid Helium frozen below 2.2 K
Ice &100000000000000020299991.6[3]-2.1[6]-2.2[33]-2.22[46] &10000000000000283000000293[3][6] - 273[33][46]
Indium phosphide &1000000000000008000000080[33] &10000000000000300000000300[33]
Iron, pure &1000000000000007055555971.8[11]-72.7[10]-79.5[3]-80[5]-80.2[33]-80.4[14][47]
55.4[10]
34.6[10]		 &10000000000000453750000293[3][10]-298[5]-300[14][33][47]
573[10]
1273[10]		 &100000000101471334348059,901,000[47] - 10,410,000[15]
Iron, cast &1000000000000005500000055[5][11] &10000000000000298000000298[5] (Fe+(2-4)%C+(1-3)%Si)
Lead, pure &1000000000000003425713934.7[3][10]-35.0[5][11]-35.3[14][48]
29.8[10]		 &10000000000000342833329293[3][10]-298[5]-300[14][48]
573[10]		 &100000000048309178743964,808,000[15] - 4,854,000[48]
Limestone &100000000000000012949991.26[42] - 1.33[42] Mostly CaCO3
Marble &100000000000000025049992.07[42]-2.08[5]-2.94[5][42] &10000000000000298000000298[5] Mostly CaCO3
Methane &100000000000000000314050.030[5]-0.03281[49] &10000000000000285500000298[5]-273[49]
Mineral Insulation or Wool(Felt/Glass/Rock) &100000000000000000400000.04[3][5][6] &10000000000000295500000293[6]-298[5]
Nickel &1000000000000009095000090.9[14]-91[5] &10000000000000298000000298[5][14]
Nitrogen, pure &100000000000000000250460.0234[3]-0.024[5]-0.02583[14]-0.026[19][33] &10000000000000298199999293[3]-298[5]-300[14][19][33] (N2) (1 atm)
Oxygen, pure (gas) &100000000000000000251700.0238[3]-0.024[5]-0.0263[19]-0.02658[14] &10000000000000297750000293[3]-298[5]-300[14][19] (O2) (1 atm)
Paper &100000000000000000500000.05[5] &10000000000000298000000298[5]
Perlite, (1 atm) &100000000000000000310000.031[5] &10000000000000298000000298[5]
Perlite, [partial] Vacuum &100000000000000000013700.00137[5] &10000000000000298000000298[5]
Plastic, fiber-reinforced &100000000000000006633300.23[50] - 0.7[50] - 1.06[6] &10000000000000294500000293[6] - 296[50] &1000000000000000000000010−15[50] - 100[50] 10-40%GF or CF
Polyethylene High Density &100000000000000004650000.42[5] - 0.51[5] &10000000000000298000000298[5]
Polymer, High-Density &100000000000000004250000.33[50] - 0.52[50] &10000000000000296000000296[50] &1000000000000000000000010−16[50] - 102[50]
Polymer, Low-density &100000000000000001950000.04[50] - 0.16[6] - 0.25[6] - 0.33[50] &10000000000000294500000293[6] - 296[50] &1000000000000000000000010−17[50] - 100[50]
Polyurethane foam &100000000000000000205000.02[5] - 0.021[5] &10000000000000298000000298[5]
Quartz (single crystal) &1000000000000000940000012[33] \parallel to c axis, 6.8[33] \perp to c axis &10000000000000300000000300[33]
Quartz-Fused or Vitreous Silica or Fused Silica &100000000000000019533301.46[51]-3[6]
1.4[33]		 &10000000000000303000000293[6][51]
323[33]		 &100000000000000000000001.333E-18[39] - 10−16[51]
Rice hulls (ash) &100000000000000000620000.062[52]
Rice hulls (whole) &100000000000000000359000.0359[52]
Rubber (92%) &100000000000000001600000.16[33] &10000000000000303000000303[33] &100000000000000000000001.0E-13~[39]
Sandstone &100000000000000023650001.83[42] - 2.90[42] ~95-71%SiO2
Silica Aerogel &100000000000000000156000.003[33](carbon black9%~0.0042[53])-0.008[53]-0.017[53]-0.02[5]-0.03[33] &1000000000000023133299998[33] - 298[5][33] Foamed Glass
Silver, pure &10000000000000422666670406[3]-407[10]-418[11]
427[12]-429[5][14][33][54]-430[14]		 &10000000000000297142859293[3][10]
298[5][14][54]-300[14][33]		 &1000000006216972334473161,350,000[54] - 63,010,000[15] Highest electrical conductivity of any metal
Snow, dry &100000000000000001366670.05[5]-0.11[3]-0.25[5] &10000000000000273000000273[5]
Sodium chloride &1000000000000003510000035.1 - 6.5 - 4.85 [55] 80 - 289 - 400 [55]
Soil, dry w/ organic matter &100000000000000011000000.15[6][56]-1.15[56]-2[6] &10000000000000293000000293[6] composition may vary
Soil, saturated &100000000000000022999990.6[6]-4[6] &10000000000000293000000293[6] composition may vary
Solder, Sn/63% Pb/37% &1000000000000005000000050[57]
Lead free solder, Sn/95.6% Ag/3.5% Cu/0.9%, Sn/95.5% Ag/3.8% Cu/0.7% (SAC) &10000000000000060000000~60[57]
Steel, carbon &1000000000000004674286036[10][11]-43[5]50.2[3]-54[5][10][11] &10000000000000295000000293[3][10]-298[5] (Fe+(1.5-0.5)%C)
Steel, stainless &1000000000000001738888816.3[11][58]-16.7[59]-18[60]-24[60] &10000000000000296000000296[58][59][60] &100000000014184397163121,176,000[59] - 1,786,000[60] (Fe, Cr12.5-25%, Ni0-20%, Mo0-3%, Ti0-trace)
Thermal grease, silver-based &100000000000000088900008.89+[61]
Titanium, pure &1000000000000002017999915.6[11]-19.0[10]-21.9[14][62]-22.5[10] &10000000000000296500000293[10]-300[14][62] &100000000020833333333331,852,000[62] - 2,381,000[15]
Titanium Alloy &100000000000000057999995.8[63] &10000000000000296000000296[63] &10000000000595200000000595,200[63] (Ti+6%Al+4%V)
Water &100000000000000005936000.563[64]-0.596[64]-0.6[3][6]-0.609[9] &10000000000000290399999273[64]-293[3][6][64]-300[9] &100000000000000000050005×Pure10−6[34]-Sweet10−3±1[34]-Sea1[64] <4[64]%(NaCl+MgCl2+CaCl2)
Water vapor &100000000000000000203950.016[5]-0.02479 (101.3 kPa)[65]
0.0471 (1 bar)[7]		 &10000000000000295500000293[65]-298[5]
600[7]
Wood, +>=12% water &100000000000000002152300.09091[66]-0.16[33]-0.21[66]-0.4[6] &10000000000000295500000298[33]-293[6] Species-Variable[66]
Wood, oven-dry &100000000000000001053200.04[3]-0.055[5]-0.07692[66]-0.12[3]-0.17[5][66] &10000000000000295500000293[3]-298[5] Balsa[5]-Cedar[66]-Hickory[66]/Oak[5]
Zinc oxide &1000000000000002100000021[12]
Material Thermal conductivity [W·m−1·K−1] Temperature [K] Electrical conductivity @ 293 K [Ω−1·m−1] Notes

[edit] See also

[edit] References

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  2. ^ http://www.plexiglas.com/tds/4b.pdf
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am HyperPhysics, most from Young, Hugh D., University Physics, 7th Ed., Addison Wesley, 1992. Table 15-5. (most data should be at 293 K (20 °C; 68 °F))
  4. ^ a b http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/air-properties-d_156.html
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/thermal-conductivity-d_429.html
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar Hukseflux Thermal Sensors
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  8. ^ a b Pawar, S. D.; Murugavel, P.; Lal, D. M. (2009). "Effect of relative humidity and sea level pressure on electrical conductivity of air over Indian Ocean". Journal of Geophysical Research 114: D02205. Bibcode 2009JGRD..11402205P. doi:10.1029/2007JD009716. 
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/thermal-conductivity-liquids-d_1260.html
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  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m http://www.engineersedge.com/properties_of_metals.htm
  12. ^ a b c d e f g Greg Becker, Chris Lee, and Zuchen Lin (July 2005). "Thermal conductivity in advanced chips — Emerging generation of thermal greases offers advantages". Advanced Packaging: pp.2–4. http://www.electroiq.com/index/display/packaging-article-display/231839/articles/advanced-packaging/volume-14/issue-7/features/cover-story/thermal-conductivity-in-advanced-chips.html. Retrieved 2008-03-04. 
  13. ^ a b c http://www.goodfellow.com/E/Aluminium.html
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab Thermal conductivities of the elements (data page)
  15. ^ a b c d e f g Electrical resistivities of the elements (data page)
  16. ^ a b c d http://www.goodfellow.com/E/AluminiumNitride'.html
  17. ^ a b c d http://www.goodfellow.com/E/Alumina.html
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  19. ^ a b c d e f g h http://www.engineersedge.com/heat_transfer/thermal-conductivity-gases.htm
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  28. ^ a b Kim, P. et al.; Shi, L.; Majumdar, A.; McEuen, P. L. (2001-06-01). "Thermal transport measurements of individual multiwalled nanotubes". Physical Review Letters 87 (21): 215502–215506. Bibcode 2001PhRvL..87u5502K. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.215502. PMID 11736348. http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.215502. 
  29. ^ a b Pop, Eric et al.; Mann, David; Wang, Qian; Goodson, Kenneth; Dai, Hongjie (2005-12-22). "Thermal conductance of an individual single-wall carbon nanotube above room temperature". Nano Letters 6 (1): 96–100. Bibcode 2006NanoL...6...96P. doi:10.1021/nl052145f. PMID 16402794. 
  30. ^ a b c d Berber, Savas; Kwon, Young-Kyun; Tománek, David (2000-02-23). "Unusually high thermal conductivity of carbon nanotubes". Physical Review Letters 84 (20): 4613–4616. Bibcode 2000PhRvL..84.4613B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.4613. PMID 10990753. http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.4613. 
  31. ^ a b Li, Qingwen; Li, Yuan; et al, X. F.; Chikkannanavar, S. B.; Zhao, Y. H.; Dangelewicz, A. M.; Zheng, L. X.; Doorn, S. K. et al (2007). "Structure-Dependent Electrical Properties of Carbon Nanotube Fibers". Advanced Materials 19 (20): 3358–3363. doi:10.1002/adma.200602966. 
  32. ^ a b c http://www.goodfellow.com/E/Copper.html
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  34. ^ a b c d e f Other references listed within Wikipedia (this table may not be cited, pure elements are sourced from Chemical elements data references, otherwise an in-table linked-page must list the relevant references)
  35. ^ a b c d Anthony, T. R.; Banholzer, W. F.; Fleischer, J. F.; Wei, Lanhua; Kuo, P. K.; Thomas, R. L.; Pryor, R. W. (1989-12-27). "Thermal conductivity of isotopically enriched 12C diamond". Physical Review B 42 (2): 1104–1111. Bibcode 1990PhRvB..42.1104A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.42.1104. http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.42.1104. 
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  41. ^ a b c http://www.goodfellow.com/E/Gold.html
  42. ^ a b c d e f g h Marble Institute of America (2 values are usually given: the highest and lowest test scores)
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  44. ^ Physicists Show Electrons Can Travel More Than 100 Times Faster in Graphene
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  48. ^ a b c http://www.goodfellow.com/E/Lead.html
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  50. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o http://www.goodfellow.com/Home.aspx?LangType=2057
  51. ^ a b c http://www.goodfellow.com/E/Quartz-Fused.html
  52. ^ a b http://esrla.com/pdf/ricehullhouse.pdf
  53. ^ a b c http://eetd.lbl.gov/ECS/Aerogels/sa-thermal.html Thermal Properties - Silica Aerogels
  54. ^ a b c http://www.goodfellow.com/E/Silver.html
  55. ^ a b http://www.almazoptics.com/NaCl.htm
  56. ^ a b Soil Sci Journals
  57. ^ a b "Thermal Conductivity-of Solders". http://electronics-cooling.com/2006/08/thermal-conductivity-of-solders/. 
  58. ^ a b http://www.goodfellow.com/E/Stainless-Steel-AISI-302.html
    http://www.goodfellow.com/E/Stainless-Steel-AISI-304.html
    http://www.goodfellow.com/E/Stainless-Steel-AISI-310.html
    http://www.goodfellow.com/E/Stainless-Steel-AISI-316.html
    http://www.goodfellow.com/E/Stainless-Steel-AISI-321.html
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  60. ^ a b c d http://www.goodfellow.com/E/Stainless-Steel-AISI-410.html
  61. ^ Arctic Silver 5 Thermal Grease Properties
  62. ^ a b c http://www.goodfellow.com/E/Titanium.html
  63. ^ a b c http://www.goodfellow.com/E/Titanium-Aluminium-Vanadium.html
  64. ^ a b c d e f "2.7.9 Physical properties of sea water". Kaye and Laby - National Physical Laboratory. http://www.kayelaby.npl.co.uk/general_physics/2_7/2_7_9.html. Retrieved 2010-01-25. 
  65. ^ a b "Thermal conductivity of saturated H2O and D2O, CRC Handbook, p. 6–4.
  66. ^ a b c d e f g "Physical Properties and Moisture Relations of Wood" (PDF). http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/fplgtr/fplgtr113/ch03.pdf. 

[edit] External links

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