Macrophage colony-stimulating factor

Colony stimulating factor 1 (macrophage)
PDB rendering based on 1hmc.
Available structures PDB 1hmc
Identifiers
Symbols	CSF1; MCSF; MGC31930
External IDs	OMIM: 120420 MGI: 1339753 HomoloGene: 7282 GeneCards: CSF1 Gene
EC number	2.7.10.1
Gene Ontology Molecular function • cytokine activity • macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor binding • macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor binding • growth factor activity • growth factor activity • protein homodimerization activity Cellular component • extracellular region • extracellular space • plasma membrane • membrane • integral to membrane • receptor complex • perinuclear region of cytoplasm Biological process • positive regulation of cell-matrix adhesion • developmental process involved in reproduction • cell proliferation • positive regulation of cell proliferation • positive regulation of cell proliferation • positive regulation of gene expression • regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation • positive regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation • hemopoiesis • cell differentiation • macrophage differentiation • regulation of ossification • osteoclast differentiation • positive regulation of cell migration • positive regulation of cellular protein metabolic process • positive regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation • positive regulation of multicellular organism growth • monocyte activation • odontogenesis • positive regulation of odontogenesis of dentine-containing tooth • positive regulation of macrophage differentiation • positive regulation of monocyte differentiation • positive regulation of osteoclast differentiation • positive regulation of protein kinase activity • positive regulation of Ras protein signal transduction • homeostasis of number of cells within a tissue • branching involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis • mammary gland fat development • mammary duct terminal end bud growth Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	1435	12977
Ensembl	ENSG00000184371	ENSMUSG00000014599
UniProt	P09603	Q3TDK0
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_000757.4	NM_007778
RefSeq (protein)	NP_000748.3	NP_031804
Location (UCSC)	Chr 1: 110.45 – 110.47 Mb	Chr 3: 107.54 – 107.56 Mb
PubMed search	[1]	[2]

Macrophage colony-stimulating factor, or M-CSF, is a secreted cytokine which influences hematopoietic stem cells to differentiate into macrophages or other related cell types. Eukaryotic cells also produce M-CSF in order to combat intercellular viral infection. (See colony-stimulating factor.) M-CSF binds to the Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor. It may also be involved in development of the placenta.

Structure

It is a cytokine. The active form of the protein is found extracellularly as a disulfide-linked homodimer, and is thought to be produced by proteolytic cleavage of membrane-bound precursors.

Four transcript variants encoding three different isoforms have been found for this gene.

Function

M-CSF (or CSF-1) is a hematopoietic growth factor that is involved in the proliferation, differentiation, and surival of monocytes, macrophages, and bone marrow progenitor cells.

M-CSF released by osteoblasts (as a result of endocrine stimulation by parathyroid hormone) exerts paracrine effects on osteoclasts. M-CSF binds to receptors on osteoclasts inducing differentiation, and ultimately leading to increased plasma calcium levels -- through the resorption (breakdown) of bone.

Additionally, high levels of CSF-1 expression are observed in the endometrial epithelium of the pregnant uterus as well as high levels of its receptor CSF1R in the placental trophoblast. Studies have shown that activation of trophoblasitc CSF1R by local high levels of CSF-1 is essential for normal embryonic implantation and placental development. More recenlty, it was discovered that CSF-1 and its receptor CSF1R are implicated in the mammary gland during normal development and neoplastic growth.

Interactions

Macrophage colony-stimulating factor has been shown to interact with PIK3R2.

Locally produced M-CSF in the vessel wall contributes to the development and progression of atherosclerosis (Rajavashisth et al http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9637704)

Further reading

• Rajavashisth T, Qiao JH, Tripathi S, et al. (June 1998). "Heterozygous osteopetrotic (op) mutation reduces atherosclerosis in LDL receptor- deficient mice". J. Clin. Invest. 101 (12): 2702–10. doi:10.1172/JCI119891. PMC 508861. PMID 9637704. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=508861. 

• Stanley ER, Berg KL, Einstein DB, et al. (1995). "The biology and action of colony stimulating factor-1". Stem Cells 12 Suppl 1: 15–24; discussion 25. PMID 7696959. 
• Alterman RL, Stanley ER (1994). "Colony stimulating factor-1 expression in human glioma". Mol. Chem. Neuropathol. 21 (2–3): 177–88. doi:10.1007/BF02815350. PMID 8086034. 
• Stanley ER, Berg KL, Einstein DB, et al. (1997). "Biology and action of colony--stimulating factor-1". Mol. Reprod. Dev. 46 (1): 4–10. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-2795(199701)46:1<4::AID-MRD2>3.0.CO;2-V. PMID 8981357. 
• Sweet MJ, Hume DA (2004). "CSF-1 as a regulator of macrophage activation and immune responses". Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp. (Warsz.) 51 (3): 169–77. PMID 12894871. 
• Mroczko B, Szmitkowski M (2005). "Hematopoietic cytokines as tumor markers". Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. 42 (12): 1347–54. doi:10.1515/CCLM.2004.253. PMID 15576295. 
• Pandit J, Bohm A, Jancarik J, et al. (1993). "Three-dimensional structure of dimeric human recombinant macrophage colony-stimulating factor". Science 258 (5086): 1358–62. doi:10.1126/science.1455231. PMID 1455231. 
• Suzu S, Ohtsuki T, Yanai N, et al. (1992). "Identification of a high molecular weight macrophage colony-stimulating factor as a glycosaminoglycan-containing species". J. Biol. Chem. 267 (7): 4345–8. PMID 1531650. 
• Saltman DL, Dolganov GM, Hinton LM, Lovett M (1992). "Reassignment of the human macrophage colony stimulating factor gene to chromosome 1p13-21". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 182 (3): 1139–43. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(92)91850-P. PMID 1540160. 
• Praloran V, Chevalier S, Gascan H (1992). "Macrophage colony-stimulating factor is produced by activated T lymphocytes in vitro and is detected in vivo in T cells from reactive lymph nodes". Blood 79 (9): 2500–1. PMID 1571567. 
• Price LK, Choi HU, Rosenberg L, Stanley ER (1992). "The predominant form of secreted colony stimulating factor-1 is a proteoglycan". J. Biol. Chem. 267 (4): 2190–9. PMID 1733926. 
• Pampfer S, Tabibzadeh S, Chuan FC, Pollard JW (1992). "Expression of colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) messenger RNA in human endometrial glands during the menstrual cycle: molecular cloning of a novel transcript that predicts a cell surface form of CSF-1". Mol. Endocrinol. 5 (12): 1931–8. doi:10.1210/mend-5-12-1931. PMID 1791839. 
• Stein J, Borzillo GV, Rettenmier CW (1990). "Direct stimulation of cells expressing receptors for macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1) by a plasma membrane-bound precursor of human CSF-1". Blood 76 (7): 1308–14. PMID 2145044. 
• Sherr CJ, Rettenmier CW, Sacca R, et al. (1985). "The c-fms proto-oncogene product is related to the receptor for the mononuclear phagocyte growth factor, CSF-1". Cell 41 (3): 665–76. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(85)80047-7. PMID 2408759. 
• Cerretti DP, Wignall J, Anderson D, et al. (1988). "Human macrophage-colony stimulating factor: alternative RNA and protein processing from a single gene". Mol. Immunol. 25 (8): 761–70. doi:10.1016/0161-5890(88)90112-5. PMID 2460758. 
• Takahashi M, Hirato T, Takano M, et al. (1989). "Amino-terminal region of human macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) is sufficient for its in vitro biological activity: molecular cloning and expression of carboxyl-terminal deletion mutants of human M-CSF". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 161 (2): 892–901. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(89)92683-1. PMID 2660794. 
• Kawasaki ES, Ladner MB, Wang AM, et al. (1985). "Molecular cloning of a complementary DNA encoding human macrophage-specific colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1)". Science 230 (4723): 291–6. doi:10.1126/science.2996129. PMID 2996129. 
• Rettenmier CW, Roussel MF, Ashmun RA, et al. (1987). "Synthesis of membrane-bound colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) and downmodulation of CSF-1 receptors in NIH 3T3 cells transformed by cotransfection of the human CSF-1 and c-fms (CSF-1 receptor) genes". Mol. Cell. Biol. 7 (7): 2378–87. PMC 365369. PMID 3039346. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=365369. 
• Takahashi M, Hong YM, Yasuda S, et al. (1988). "Macrophage colony-stimulating factor is produced by human T lymphoblastoid cell line, CEM-ON: identification by amino-terminal amino acid sequence analysis". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 152 (3): 1401–9. doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(88)80441-8. PMID 3259875. 
• Rettenmier CW, Roussel MF (1989). "Differential processing of colony-stimulating factor 1 precursors encoded by two human cDNAs". Mol. Cell. Biol. 8 (11): 5026–34. PMC 365596. PMID 3264877. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=365596. 
• Wong GG, Temple PA, Leary AC, et al. (1987). "Human CSF-1: molecular cloning and expression of 4-kb cDNA encoding the human urinary protein". Science 235 (4795): 1504–8. doi:10.1126/science.3493529. PMID 3493529. 

External links

• MeSH Macrophage+Colony-Stimulating+Factor