Per mille
| ‰ | |
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Per mille | |
| In Unicode | U+2030 ‰ PER MILLE SIGN (‰) |
| Related | |
| See also | U+0025 % PERCENT SIGN U+2031 ‱ PER TEN THOUSAND SIGN (Basis point) |
Per mille (from Latin per mīlle, "in each thousand")[1] is an expression that means parts per thousand.[2] Other recognised spellings include per mil,[2] per mill,[1][3] permil,[1] permill,[1] or permille.[4][5]
The associated sign is written ‰, which looks like a percent sign % with an extra zero or o in the divisor.
The term occurs so rarely in English[citation needed] that major dictionaries do not agree on the spelling[1][2][3] and some major dictionaries such as Macmillan[6] do not even contain an entry. The term is more common in other European languages where it is used to express fractions smaller than 1%. One common usage is blood alcohol content, which is usually expressed as a percentage in English-speaking countries.
Per mille should not be confused with parts per million (ppm).
Computer systems
The code point for the glyph is included in the General Punctuation block of Unicode characters: U+2030 ‰ PER MILLE SIGN.[4] It may be typed using Alt+0137, Compose%o, Ctrl+⇧ Shift+u 2030, or ⌥ Option+⇧ Shift+r according to operating system.
Note that for the compose key sequence the percent key (%) is followed by lower case letter o and not, as might be expected, by digit 0.[7]
Examples
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Examples of use include:
- Legal limits of blood-alcohol content for driving a road vehicle in some countries: for example: 0.5‰ or 0.8‰.
- Seawater salinity: for example: "the average salinity is 35‰".
- Tunnel and railway gradients (in some countries in Europe).
- Birth and death rates.
- Baseball batting averages (colloquially).
- Property taxation rates: the millage rate (U.S.) or mill rate (Canada).
- Expressing stable-isotope ratios—for example: "δ13C was measured at −3.5‰".
- Fineness of precious metals.
- Cost per mille (CPM), the price of 1000 units, may be used for views of banner and display advertising, and for emails delivered by email service providers.
Related units
- Percentage point difference of 1 part in 100
- Percentage (%) 1 part in 100
- Basis point (bp) difference of 1 part in 10,000
- Permyriad (‱) 1 part in 10,000
- Per cent mille (pcm) 1 part in 100,000
See also
- Parts-per notation
- Per-unit system
- Percent point function
- Fineness of precious metals (given as "0.000-fine")
References
- ^ a b c d e Oxford English Dictionary (3rd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2005.
per mil, adv
- ^ a b c "per mille". Business English. Cambridge Dictionary Online. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
per mille adverb (also per mil)
- ^ a b "per mill". Oxford Dictionaries: The American Dictionary. Archived from the original on August 9, 2013. Retrieved 1 Aug 2014.
- ^ a b Unicode. "General Punctuation". 2014. Accessed 5 Aug 2014.
- ^ "per mille". Longman Business Dictionary. Retrieved 1 July 2020.
- ^ "Macmillan Dictionary". Retrieved 1 Aug 2014.
No result
- ^ Monniaux, David. "UTF-8 (Unicode) compose sequence". Retrieved 2015-07-15.
External links
Media related to Per mille at Wikimedia Commons
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