Post-Marxism
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Post-Marxism is a trend in political philosophy and social theory which deconstructs[vague] Karl Marx's writings and Marxism itself, bypassing orthodox Marxism. The term "post-Marxism" first appeared in Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe's theoretical work Hegemony and Socialist Strategy.[1] It can be said that post-Marxism as a political theory was conceived at the University of Essex by Laclau and Mouffe, and was further developed by Louis Althusser and Slavoj Žižek.[1] Philosophically, post-Marxism counters derivationism and essentialism (for example, it does not see economy as a foundation of politics and the state as an instrument that functions unambiguously and autonomously on behalf of the interests of a given class).[2] Recent overviews of post-Marxism are provided by Ernesto Screpanti,[3] Göran Therborn,[4] and Gregory Meyerson.[5]
History
Post-Marxism dates from the late 1960s and several trends and events of that period influenced its development. The weakness of the Soviet Union and Eastern Bloc paradigm became evident and Marxism faced a lack since the Second International. This happened concurrently with the occurrence internationally of the strikes and occupations of 1968, the rise of Maoist theory and its synthesis with Marxism–Leninism, and the proliferation of commercial television which covered in its broadcasts the Vietnam War. Subsequently, Laclau and Mouffe address the proliferation of "new subject positions" by locating their analysis on a post-Marxist non-essentialist framework.
See also
References
- ^ a b McKenna, Tony (May 2014). Cheng, Enfu; Schweickart, David; Andreani, Tony (eds.). "Against Post-Marxism: How Post-Marxism Annuls Class-Based Historicism and the Possibility of Revolutionary Praxis". International Critical Thought. 4 (2). Taylor & Francis on behalf of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences: 142–159. doi:10.1080/21598282.2014.906538. eISSN 2159-8312. ISSN 2159-8282.
- ^ Mclean, Ian; Mcmillan, Alistair (2003) The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics (Article: State). Oxford University Press.
- ^ Screpanti, Ernesto (2000). "The postmodern crisis in economics and the revolution against modernism". Rethinking Marxism: A Journal of Economics, Culture & Society. 12 (1): 87–111. doi:10.1080/08935690009358993.
- ^ Therborn, Göran (2008). From Marxism to Post-Marxism. London: Verso Books. p. 208.
- ^ Meyerson, Gregory; San Juan, E. Jr. (2009). "Post-Marxism as Compromise Formation". Cultural Logic: Journal of Marxist Theory & Practice. 16. doi:10.14288/clogic.v16i0.191554. ISSN 1097-3087.
Further reading
- Baudrillard, Jean (1973). The Mirror of Production.
- Baudrillard, Jean (1981). For a Critique of the Political Economy of the Sign. Translated by Levin, Charles. Telos Press. ISBN 0-914386-24-7.
- Butler, Judith; Laclau, Ernesto; Žižek, Slavoj (2000). Contingency, Hegemony, Universality: Contemporary Dialogues on the Left.
- Derrida, Jacques (1993). Specters of Marx.
- El-Ojeili, Chamsy (June 2001). "Post-Marxism with Substance: Castoriadis and the Autonomy Project". New Political Science. 32 (2): 225–239.
- El-Ojeili, Chamsy (2011). "After post-socialism: Social theory, utopia and the work of castoriadis in a global age" (PDF). Antepodium: Online Journal of World Affairs: 1–16. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 May 2013.
- Galfarsoro, Imanol (2012). "(Post)Marxismoa, kultura eta eragiletasuna: Ibilbide historiko labur bat" [(Post) Marxism, Culture and Effectiveness: A Brief Historical Journey]. In Aizpuru, Alaitz (ed.). Euskal Herriko pentsamenduaren gida [A guide to thinking in the Basque Country] (in Basque). Bilbo: UEU. ISBN 978-84-8438-435-9.
- Hardt, Michael; Negri, Antonio (2000). Empire.
- Jameson, Fredric (1991). Postmodernism, or, the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism.
- Laclau, Ernesto (1977). Politics and Ideology in Marxist Theory: Capitalism, Fascism, Populism. Humanities Press.
- Laclau, Ernesto; Mouffe, Chantal (1985). Hegemony and Socialist Strategy: Towards a Radical Democratic Politics.
- Shenfield, Stephen (2008). "Vladislav Bugera: Portrait of a Post-Marxist Thinker". Archived from the original on 12 November 2008.
- Sim, Stuart (2002). Post-Marxism: An Intellectual History. Routledge studies in social and political thought. New York; London: Routledge. ISBN 0-203-18616-8.
- Tormey, Simon; Townshend, Jules (2006). Key Thinkers from Critical Theory to Post-Marxism. Pine Forge Press.
- Žižek, Slavoj (1989). The Sublime Object of Ideology.
External links
- Kurz, Robert (1995). Postmarxismus und Arbeitsfetisch. Krisis. No. 17 (in German),
- Marchart, Oliver (1998). Beantwortung der Frage: Was heißt Post-Marxismus?. Eintrag für Vladimir Malachov, Vadim Filatov: Sovremennaja zapadnaja filosofia, Moscow (in German).