Pro-independence movements in Russian Civil War

Pro-independence movements in Russian Civil War within the territory of the former Russian Empire sought for creation of independent and non-Bolshevik nation states after the October Revolution. They were often supported politically or militarily by the Entente Powers. Some of them cooperated with the Russian White Movement, others were opposed to it.

The following list presents the major pro-independence movements and the conflicts they were involved in during this period.

Western periphery

•   Finland (Independence from 1917)
  • Finnish Civil War
  • Heimosodat
    • Viena expedition
    • Aunus expedition
•   Poland (Independence from 1918)
  • Polish-Ukrainian War
  • Polish-Soviet War
  • Polish-Lithuanian War
•   Ukraine (Independence 1917-1921. Partitioned between Poland, Czechoslovakia, Romania and Ukrainian SSR)
  • Ukrainian War of Independence
•   Belarus (Independence 1918-1919. Partitioned between Poland and Belarusian SSR)
•   Crimea (Independence 1917-1918. Invaded by Russia, later restored for a short while by Ukrainian army)

Baltic States

• Estonia (Independence from 1918)
  • Estonian War of Independence
• Latvia (Independence from 1918)
  • Latvian War of Independence
• Lithuania (Independence from 1918)
  • Lithuanian Wars of Independence

European Russia

• East European Russia
  • Little Bashkortostan (Independence 1917-1919. Allied with RSFSR and lated annexed by it)
  •   Idel-Ural (Failed. Annexed by Russian SFSR)

• South European Russia
  •   Great Don Voisko (Independence 1918-1919. Annexed by Russian SFSR)

Eastern periphery

• Siberia
  • Siberian separatism
  • Provisional Government of Autonomous Siberia
• Russian Far East
  • Provisional Priamurye Government

Caucasus

•   Azerbaijan (Independence 1918-1920. Transformed into Azerbaijan SSR)
  • Armenian-Azerbaijani War
•   Armenia (Independence 1918-1921. Transformed into Armenian SSR)
  • Georgian–Armenian War 1918
  • Armenian-Azerbaijani War
  • Turkish-Armenian War
•   Georgia (Independence 1918-1921. Transformed into Georgian SSR)
  • Georgian–Armenian War 1918
  • Red Army invasion of Georgia
•   Kuban People's Republic (Independence 1918-1920. Annexed by Russian SFSR)

•   Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus (Independence 1918-1920. Annexed by Russian SFSR)

Central Asia

• Basmachi revolt
• Turkistan and Kazakhstan:
  •   Khiva (Independence 1918-1920. Transformed into Khorezm PSR)
  •   Bukhara (Independence 1918-1920. Transformed into Bukharan PSR)
  •   Alash