Prostatitis
| Prostatitis | |
|---|---|
| Specialty | Urology  |
Prostatitis is an inflammation of the prostate gland, in men. A prostatitis diagnosis is assigned at 8% of all urologist and 1% of all primary care physician visits in the United States.[1]
Classification
The term prostatitis refers, in its strictest sense, to histological (microscopic) inflammation of the tissue of the prostate gland. Like all forms of inflammation, it can be associated with an appropriate response of the body to an infection, but it also occurs in the absence of infection.
in 1999, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) devised a new classification system.[2][3] For more specifics about each type of prostatitis, including information on symptoms, treatment, and prognosis, follow the links to the relevant full articles.
| Category | Pain? | Bacteria? | WBCs? | NIDDK (Current) |
Description | Meares/Stamey (Old) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | yes | yes | yes | Acute prostatitis | Acute prostatitis is a bacterial infection of the prostate gland that requires urgent medical treatment. | Acute bacterial prostatitis |
| II | ± | yes | yes | Chronic bacterial prostatitis | Chronic bacterial prostatitis is a relatively rare condition that usually presents as intermittent urinary tract infections. | Chronic bacterial prostatitis |
| IIIa | yes | no | yes | Inflammatory CP/CPPS | Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome, accounting for 90%-95% of prostatitis diagnoses,[4] used to be known as chronic nonbacterial prostatitis. | Nonbacterial prostatitis |
| IIIb | yes | no | no | Noninflammatory CP/CPPS | Prostatodynia | |
| IV | no | no | yes | Asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis | Asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis patients have no history of genitourinary pain complaints, but leukocytosis is noted, usually during evaluation for other conditions. Between 6-19% of men have pus cells in their semen but no symptoms.[5] | (none) |
In 1968, Meares and Stamey determined a classification technique based upon the culturing of bacteria.[6] This classification is no longer used.
The conditions are distinguished by the different presentation of pain, white blood cells (WBCs) in the urine, duration of symptoms and bacteria cultured from the urine. To help express prostatic secretions that may contain WBCs and bacteria, prostate massage is sometimes used.[7]
See also
- Interstitial cystitis — a related disease.
- Granulomatous prostatitis.
References
- ^ Collins MM, Stafford RS, O'Leary MP, Barry MJ (1998). "How common is prostatitis? A national survey of physician visits". J. Urol. 159 (4): 1224–8. doi:10.1016/S0022-5347(01)63564-X. PMID 9507840.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Krieger JN, Nyberg L, Nickel JC (1999). "NIH consensus definition and classification of prostatitis". JAMA. 282 (3): 236–7. doi:10.1001/jama.282.3.236. PMID 10422990.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ J. Curtis Nickel (1999). Textbook of prostatitis. Taylor & Francis. pp. 27–. ISBN 978-1-901865-04-2. Retrieved 18 April 2010.
- ^ Habermacher GM, Chason JT, Schaeffer AJ (2006). "Prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome". Annu. Rev. Med. 57: 195–206. doi:10.1146/annurev.med.57.011205.135654. PMID 16409145.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Korrovits P, Ausmees K, Mändar R, Punab M (2008). "Prevalence of asymptomatic inflammatory (National Institutes of Health Category IV) prostatitis in young men according to semen analysis". Urology. 71 (6): 1010–5. doi:10.1016/j.urology.2007.12.082. PMID 18455767.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Meares EM, Stamey TA (1968). "Bacteriologic localization patterns in bacterial prostatitis and urethritis". Invest Urol. 5 (5): 492–518. PMID 4870505.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - ^ "Prostatitis: Benign Prostate Disease: Merck Manual Professional". Retrieved 2011-07-11.