Riamilovir (TZV, Triazavirin) is a broad-spectrum antiviral drug developed in Russia through a joint effort of Ural Federal University, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ural Center for Biopharma Technologies and Medsintez Pharmaceutical.[1] It has a novel triazolotriazine core, which represents a new structural class of non-nucleoside antiviral drugs.[2]
The main principle action of triazavirin is to inhibit the synthesis of viral ribonucleic acid (RNA) and the replication of viral genomic fragments through its synthetic analogue to the bases of purine nucleosides.[3][4][5]
Uses
It was originally developed as a potential treatment for pandemic influenza strains such as H5N1, and most of the testing that has been done has focused on its anti-influenza activity.[5][3][6][7][8] However, triazavirin has also been found to have antiviral activity against a number of other viruses including tick-borne encephalitis virus,[4][9] and is also being investigated for potential application against a lethal influenza infection and secondary bacterial pneumonia following influenza,[10]Lassa fever and Ebola virus disease.[11][12][13][14][15] Triazavirin has passed clinical trials and has shown antiviral activity against ARVI.[16][17][18][19] In 2020, testing of triazavirin was started against SARS-CoV-2 in Russia, China, and South Africa. [20][21][22][23][24][25]
In August 2014, the Ministry of Health of Russia issued a registration certificate for triazavirin.[26] The active substance of the drug triazavirin is a new active molecule,[2] and can be dispensed by prescription. The production of triazavirin is carried out at a modern pharmaceutical enterprise LLC "Plant Medsintez".[1] The registration procedure for triazavirin has begun in the Republic of South Africa.[24]
Criticism
The studies of Triazavirin were non-blinded and non-randomized, and included 66 patients only with, with 44 in a control group.[27]
^ abRusinov VL, Sapozhnikova IM, Ulomskii EN, Medvedeva NR, Egorov VV, Kiselev OI, et al. (2015). "Nucleophilic substitution of nitro group in nitrotriazolotriazines as a model of potential interaction with cysteine-containing proteins". Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. 51 (3): 275–280. doi:10.1007/s10593-015-1695-4. S2CID83702396.
^ abLoginova SI, Borisevich SV, Rusinov VL, Ulomskiĭ UN, Charushin VN, Chupakhin ON (2014). "[Investigation of Triazavirin antiviral activity against tick-borne encephalitis pathogen in cell culture]". Antibiotiki I Khimioterapiia (in Russian). 59 (1–2): 3–5. PMID25051708.
^ abLoginova SI, Borisevich SV, Maksimov VA, Bondarev VP, Kotovskaia SK, Rusinov VL, et al. (2007). "[Investigation of triazavirin antiviral activity against influenza A virus (H5N1) in cell culture]". Antibiotiki I Khimioterapiia (in Russian). 52 (11–12): 18–20. PMID19275052.
^Kiselev OI, Deeva EG, Mel'nikova TI, Kozeletskaia KN, Kiselev AS, Rusinov VL, et al. (2012). "[A new antiviral drug Triazavirin: results of phase II clinical trial]". Voprosy Virusologii (in Russian). 57 (6): 9–12. PMID23477247.
^Kasianenko, K. V.; Lvov, N. I.; Maltsev, O. V.; Zhdanov, K. V. (9 October 2019). "Nucleoside analogues for the treatment of influenza: History and experience". Journal Infectology (in Russian). 11 (3): 20–26. doi:10.22625/2072-6732-2019-11-3-20-26. S2CID241604614.
^Sologub, T.V.; Tokin, I.I.; Midikari, A.S.; Tsvetkov, V.V. (2017). "A comparative efficacy and safety of using antiviral drugs in therapy of patients with influenza". Infekcionnye Bolezni (in Russian). 15 (3): 25–32. doi:10.20953/1729-9225-2017-3-25-32.
^Loginova SY, Borisevich SV, Rusinov VL, Ulomsky EN, Charushin VN, Chupakhin ON, Sorokin PV (2015). "[Investigation of Therapeutic Efficacy of Triazavirin Against Experimental Forest-Spring Encephalitis on Albino Mice]". Antibiotiki I Khimioterapiia (in Russian). 60 (7–8): 11–3. PMID26863736.
^Sabitov, A. U.; Belousov, V. V.; Edin, A. S.; Oleinichenko, E. V.; Gladunova, E. P.; Tikhonova, E. P.; Kuzmina, T. Yu.; Kalinina, Yu. S.; Sorokin, P. V. (21 November 2020). Practical Experience of Using Riamilovir in Treatment of Patients with Moderate COVID-19. Antibiotics and Chemotherapy. Vol. 65. pp. 27–30. doi:10.37489/0235-2990-2020-65-7-8-27-30. S2CID229508119.
