Robert Jarvik
| Robert Koffler Jarvik | |
|---|---|
| Born | Robert Koffler Jarvik May 11, 1946 Midland, Michigan, United States |
| Occupation | Scientist, Researcher |
| Known for | Developing the Jarvik-7 artificial heart |
| Spouse | Marilyn vos Savant (1987-present) |
| Website | |
| www.jarvikheart.com | |
Robert Koffler Jarvik, M.D. (born May 11, 1946) is an American scientist, researcher and entrepreneur known for his role in developing the Jarvik-7 artificial heart.
Contents |
[edit] Biography
Robert Jarvik was born in Midland, Michigan to Dr. Norman Eugene Jarvik and Edythe Koffler Jarvik also raised in Stamford, Connecticut.[1]
Jarvik is married to Parade magazine columnist Marilyn vos Savant.[2] They reside in New York. He is also the nephew of Dr. Murray Jarvik, a pharmacologist who was the co-inventor of the nicotine patch.[3][4]
Jarvik is a graduate of Syracuse University. He earned a master’s degree in medical engineering from New York University. After being admitted to the University of Utah's medical school, Jarvik completed two years of study, and in 1971 was hired by Dr. Willem Johan Kolff, a Dutch born physician-inventor at the University of Utah,[5] who produced the first dialysis machine, and who was working on other artificial organs, including a heart. Jarvik received his M.D. in 1976 from the University of Utah. A medical scientist, he did not complete an internship or residency and has never been licensed to practice medicine.[6][7]
[edit] Artificial heart
Jarvik joined University of Utah's artificial organs program in 1971, then headed by Dr. Willem Johan Kolff, his mentor. At the time, the program used a pneumatic artificial heart design by Dr. Clifford Kwan-Gett which had sustained an animal in the lab for 10 days. Kolff assigned Jarvik to design a new heart that would overcome the problems of the Kwan-Gett heart, eventually culminating with the Jarvik-7 device.[8]
Jarvik worked jointly with Kolff on the Jarvik-7 artificial heart, a self-contained, integrated pneumatic unit based on previous designs, particularly those of Paul Winchell. No better solution was found for transcutaneous transmission of energy than surgical tunnelling of two 3 cm pneumatic tubes. The control apparatus was shopping-cart sized. Thus, a patient with a Jarvik-7 had very restricted mobility, even if other problems such as embolism and infection were adequately controlled. Patients still required medication — heavy antibiotics as well as other drugs and treatments. The heart utilized ultra thin membranes stacked to form a diaphragmatic surface with a graphite lubricant intermittently placed between the membranes.
Dr. William DeVries first implanted the Jarvik-7 into retired dentist Barney Clark at the University of Utah on December 2, 1982. He had to have frequent visits to the hospital for the next 112 days, after which he died. During frequent press conferences to update the patient's condition, Jarvik, along with head surgeon Dr. William DeVries, briefed the world’s media on Clark’s condition. The next several implantations of the Jarvik 7 heart were conducted by Humana, a large health care insurance company. The second patient, William Schroeder, survived 620 days.[9]
[edit] Companies
Later, Jarvik tried forming Symbion, Inc. to manufacture the heart, but he lost the company in a takeover. Jarvik then founded JARVIK Heart, Inc., and began work to create the Jarvik 2000, a lifetime ventricular assist device. Jarvik plays a very impotant role.[4]
[edit] Celebrity
Jarvik's name came to the forefront since the well-aired 1982 news coverage of the artificial heart implant (the first done since Domingo Liotta and Denton Cooleys first in 1969).[10] Starting in 2006, Jarvik has appeared in television commercials for Pfizer Pharmaceutical's cholesterol medication Lipitor. Two members of Congress, as part of their campaign against celebrity endorsements, began an investigation as to whether his television advertisements constitute medical advice given without a license to practice medicine. One controversial ad depicts Jarvik rowing, but due to insurance and other considerations, he did not row himself, and a body double was used.[11]
On 25 February 2008, Pfizer announced that it would discontinue its ads with Jarvik.[12]
[edit] References
- ^ "Men in the News: A Pair of Skilled Hands to Guide an Artificial Heart: Robert Kiffler Jarvik". Article in The New York Times, 3 December 1982. Retrieved from [1] on 2006-06-23.
- ^ "About Marilyn". http://www.marilynvossavant.com/bio.html. Retrieved 2007-11-03.
- ^ Maugh II, Thomas (2008-05-14). "Dr. Murray E. Jarvik, 84; UCLA pharmacologist invented nicotine patch". Los Angeles Times. http://www.latimes.com/news/printedition/california/la-me-jarvik14-2008may14,0,3688594.story. Retrieved 2008-05-26.
- ^ "Dr. Murray Jarvik, co-inventor of nicotine patch, dies at 84 in Santa Monica". Associated Press (International Herald Tribune). 2008-05-10. http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/05/10/america/NA-GEN-US-Obit-Jarvik.php. Retrieved 2008-05-26.
- ^ Milestones, Rime Magazine, March 2, 2009 p.18
- ^ "Men in the News: A Pair of Skilled Hands to Guide an Artificial Heart: Robert Kiffler Jarvik". Article in The New York Times, 3 December 1982. Retrieved from [2] on 2007-05-27.
- ^ "Is this celebrity doctor's TV ad right for you?". Article in MSNBC, 1 March 2007. Retrieved from [3] on 2007-05-27.
- ^ http://salempress.com/store/samples/great_lives_from_history_inventors/great_lives_from_history_inventors_jarvik.htm Great Lives from History: Inventors and Inventions -- Robert Jarvik
- ^ Artificial Heart - Early developments
- ^ Liotta/Cooley "Orthotopic Cardiac Prosthesis for Two-Staged Cardiac Replacement," which appears in Volume 24 (1969) of the American Journal of Cardiology (pp. 723-730).
- ^ "Congress questions Jarvik's credentials in celebrity ad" The State, January 8, 2008. http://www.thestate.com/nation/story/278107.html
- ^ Pfizer pulls ads featuring artificial heart inventor - Heart health - MSNBC.com
- Frazier, O H; Myers, T J; Jarvik, R K; Westaby, S; Pigott, DW; Gregoric, ID; Khan, T; Tamez, DW et al. (2001). "Research and development of an implantable, axial-flow left ventricular assist device: the Jarvik 2000 Heart.". Ann. Thorac. Surg. 71 (3 Suppl): pp. S125–32; discussion S144–6. 2001 Mar. doi:10.1016/S0003-4975(00)02614-X. PMID 11265847
- Jarvik, R K; Lawson, J H; Olsen, D B; Fukumasu, H; Kolff, WJ (1978). "The beat goes on: status of the artificial heart, 1977.". The International journal of artificial organs 1 (1): pp. 21–7. 1978 Jan. PMID 352968
