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Fanny Durack

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Fanny Durack
Personal information
Full nameSarah Frances Durack
Born(1889-10-27)27 October 1889
Sydney, Australia
Died20 March 1956(1956-03-20) (aged 66)
Sydney
Sport
SportSwimming
StrokesBreaststroke, freestyle
Medal record
Women's swimming
Representing Australasia
Olympic Games
Gold medal – first place 1912 Stockholm 100 m freestyle

Sarah Frances "Fanny" Durack (27 October 1889 – 20 March 1956), also known by her married name Fanny Gately, was an Australian competition swimmer.[1] From 1910 until 1918 she was the world's greatest female swimmer across all distances from freestyle sprints to the mile marathon.[2]

Life and career

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Fanny Durack, Stockholm Olympics, 1912[3]

Durack learned to swim in Sydney's Coogee Baths[2] in the South-Eastern Suburbs using breaststroke, the only style for which there was a championship for women at that time. In 1906 she won her first title, and over the next few years, dominated the Australian swimming scene. In the 1910–11 swimming season, Mina Wylie beat Durack in the 100-yard breaststroke and the 100- and 220-yard freestyle at the Australian Swimming Championships at Rose Bay. The two went on to become close friends.

From late 1912 to 1920, Durack held the official women's Freestyle swimming world record for 100 metres.[4] She also held the 200M freestyle record from 1915 to 1921. Other world records held included 220 yards freestyle (1915 to 1921), 500M freestyle (1916 to 1917) and 1 mile freestyle (1914 to 1926). She also held many Australian and State records.

The New South Wales Ladies Swimming Association initially was opposed to women participating in the Olympic Games.[5] The 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm was to be the first Olympics to have women's swimming. Durack and Wylie were initially refused permission by NSWLSA to compete, but later they were allowed to go provided they bore their own expenses.[6] They organised local fundraising to raise the funds for themselves as well as for the obligatory chaperones.[5] Durack set a new world record in the heats of the 100-metre freestyle. She won the final, becoming the first Australian woman to win an Olympic gold medal in a swimming event. Until the 1932 Olympics (when Clare Dennis won the 200-metre breaststroke in Los Angeles[7]) she was the only such woman; and until the 1956 Olympics she and Dennis were the only two such women.

A week before the Australian team left for the 1920 Antwerp Olympics, in May 1920, Durack suffered appendicitis[8] and had an emergency appendectomy. This was followed by typhoid fever and pneumonia and she was unable to participate in the Olympic team.[2]

During World War I, The Golden Virgin statue of Mary and the infant Jesus on top of the Basilique Notre-Dame de Brebières in Albert, Somme, France, was hit by a shell on 15 January 1915, and slumped to a near-horizontal position. Australian troops nicknamed the leaning statue "Fanny", in honour of Fanny Durack as it resembled the swimmer diving off the blocks.[9]

Death and legacy

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Durack died in Sydney in 1956. She was interred in Waverley Cemetery, together with her late husband Bernard Martin Gately. Fanny Durack Aquatic Centre[10] in Petersham, Sydney, is named in her honour.

She was posthumously inducted into the International Swimming Hall of Fame as an "Honour Swimmer" in 1967.[11] In addition to this, she was inducted onto the Victorian Honour Roll of Women in 2001.[12]

Sarah Durack Ave at Sydney Olympic Park in Sydney is named in honour of her.

In 2022, she was an inaugural inductee of the Swimming Australia Hall of Fame.[13]

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Records

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Olympic records

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  • 1912 gold (100m freestyle)

World records

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  • 100-yard freestyle (1912 to 1921)
  • 100-metre freestyle (1912 to 1920)
  • 220-yard freestyle (1915 to 1921)
  • 500-metre freestyle (1916 to 1917)
  • mile (1914 to 1926)

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Fanny Durack". Olympedia. Retrieved 8 June 2021.
  2. ^ a b c King, Helen, "Durack, Sarah (Fanny) (1889–1956)", Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, retrieved 12 July 2018
  3. ^ a468005u
  4. ^ "FANNY DURACK'S THREE RECORDS". The Sydney Stock and Station Journal. Vol. XXIV, no. 91. New South Wales, Australia. 25 February 1913. p. 2. Retrieved 12 July 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
  5. ^ a b Lenskyj, Helen (2013) Gender Politics and the Olympic Industry[permanent dead link‍]. ISBN 978-1-137-29114-1
  6. ^ Guile, Melanie; Braumberger, Alicia (2011), Fanny Durack's Olympic quest, Macmillan Education Australia, ISBN 978-1-4202-8110-1
  7. ^ "Olympic Results, Gold Medalists and Official Records". 18 February 2019.
  8. ^ "FANNY DURACK". The Sun. No. 3073. New South Wales, Australia. 10 May 1920. p. 7. Retrieved 12 July 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
  9. ^ Reed, Paul. "WW1 Landmarks: The Leaning Virgin, Albert". Retrieved 15 October 2021.
  10. ^ Fanny Durack Aquatic Centre. marrickville.nsw.gov.au
  11. ^ "Fanny Durack (AUS)". ISHOF.org. International Swimming Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on 28 March 2015. Retrieved 16 March 2015.
  12. ^ Victorian Honour Roll of Women. https://www.whise.org.au
  13. ^ Hanson, Ian (28 August 2022). "Ian Thorpe, Dawn Fraser and Shane Gould Among First Inductees Into Swimming Australia Hall Of Fame". Swimming World. Retrieved 29 August 2022.

Bibliography

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  • FitzSimons, Peter (2006). Great Australian Sports Champions. Harper Collins Publishers. ISBN 0-7322-8517-8.
  • David Wallechinsky, The Complete Book of the Summer Olympics, Little, Brown and Company (1996)
Records
Preceded by Women's 100 m freestyle
world record-holder (long course)
9 July 1912 – 23 August 1920 		Succeeded by
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