Soil Association

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Soil Association
Founded1946
Founder
TypeCharity
Legal status
FocusOrganic movement
Location
  • Soil Association, Spear House, 51 Victoria Street, Bristol, BS1 6AD
Area served
United Kingdom
MethodCampaigning and certification
Key people
Websitesoilassociation.org

The Soil Association is a British registered charity. The organisation activities include campaigning – against intensive farming, for local purchasing and public education on nutrition – and certification of organic foods.[3] It was established in 1946.[4]

History

Lady Eve Balfour, Friend Sykes and George Scott Williamson organized a founders' meeting for the Soil Association on 12 June 1945; about a hundred people attended.[5][6] The association was formally registered on 3 May 1946,[7] and in the next decade grew from a few hundred to over four thousand members.[8]

The organization was formed following the publication of Balfour’s book 'The Living Soil'. Reprinted numerous times, it became a founding text of the emerging organic food and farming movement and of the Soil Association.[9] The book is based on the initial findings of the first three years of the Haughley Experiment, the first formal, side-by-side farm trial to compare organic and chemical-based farming.[10][11][12]

The Haughley experiment was based on an idea that farmers were over-reliant on fertilizers, that livestock, crops and the soil should be treated as a whole system and that "natural" farming produced food which was in some way more wholesome than food produced with more intensive methods".[13] Lady Balfour believed that mankind's future and human health were dependent on how the soil was treated, and ran the experiment to generate scientific data that would support these beliefs.[14]

It was also founded in part due to concerns over intensive agriculture and in particular the use of herbicides. British Union of Fascists member Jorian Jenks, who was closely associated with Oswald Mosley, was one of the founders. He was for years the editorial secretary of Mother Earth, the journal of the association.[citation needed] During the late 1940s, the association involved far-right and even anti-Semitic elements, remnants of the defunct BUF, and was driven by far-right political ideas as much as ecological concerns.[citation needed] Following Jenks' death in 1963, the association tilted towards the left of the political spectrum, especially under the new president, Barry Commoner.[15] Campaigner Alastair Sawday was vice-chairman of the association between 2005 and 2007.[16]

The association was one of the five bodies which in Versailles in 1972 formed the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements to act as the umbrella organisation to advocate for organic farming.[17]

Helen Browning is the chief executive;[18] broadcaster Monty Don was president from 2008 to 2016.[19] Honorary vice-presidents include Jonathan Dimbleby, George McRobie, and Charlotte Mitchell; and The Prince of Wales is a royal patron.[20]

Certification

The association certifies organic products in farming, food processing, restaurants and catering, fisheries, textiles and leather, and health and beauty products.[citation needed] Its subsidiary Soil Association Certification Ltd is approved by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs.[21] It sets standards for packaging, animal welfare, wildlife conservation, residues and additives.[citation needed] Since 2008 its standards have excluded nanomaterials.[22]

See also

References

  1. ^ The Soil Association Limited, Charity number: 206862. The Charity Commission of England and Wales. Accessed December 2021.
  2. ^ Charity Details: Soil Association Ltd, SC039168. Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator. Accessed December 2021.
  3. ^ "Our history". Soil Association. Archived from the original on 27 March 2012. Retrieved 11 April 2012.
  4. ^ The Soil Association Limited, Charity number: 206862; Governing document. The Charity Commission of England and Wales. Accessed December 2021.
  5. ^ Conford, Philip. (2001). The Origins of the Organic Movement. Floris Books. p. 252. ISBN 978-0863153365
  6. ^ Lockeretz, William. (2018). Organic Farming: An International History. CABI. p. 189. ISBN 978-0-85199-833-6
  7. ^ Paull, John (2009). "The Living Soil Association: Pioneering Organic Farming and Innovating Social Inclusion" (PDF). Journal of Organic Systems. 4 (1): 15–33.
  8. ^ Conford, Philip & Holden, Patrick (2007), "The Soil Association", in Lockeretz, William (ed.), Organic Farming: An International History, Oxfordshire, UK & Cambridge, Massachusetts: CAB International (CABI), pp. 187–200, ISBN 978-0-85199-833-6, retrieved 10 August 2010 ebook ISBN 978-1-84593-289-3
  9. ^ "Lady Eve Balfour". Theberton and Eastbridge Parish Council (onesuffolk). Archived from the original on 13 January 2016. Retrieved 12 January 2016.
  10. ^ White, Kim Kennedy; Duram, Leslie A (2013). America Goes Green: An Encyclopedia of Eco-friendly Culture in the United States. California: ABC-CLIO. p. 176. ISBN 978-1-59884-657-7.
  11. ^ "LADY EVE BALFOUR". IFOAM. Retrieved 21 August 2014.
  12. ^ Balfour, Lady Eve. "Towards a Sustainable Agriculture—The Living Soil". Canberra Organic Growers Society Soil And Health Library. IFOAM. Retrieved 21 August 2014.
  13. ^ "The Haughley Experiment". Nature. 179 (4558): 514. 1957. doi:10.1038/179514d0. ISSN 0028-0836. S2CID 4197385.
  14. ^ Gordon, Ian R. (2004). Reproductive technologies in farm animals. Wallingford, Oxfordshire: CABI Pub. ISBN 0-85199-049-5. OCLC 58547418.
  15. ^ Macklin, Graham (2007). Very deeply dyed in black: Sir Oswald Mosley and the resurrection of British fascism after 1945. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-1-84511-284-4.
  16. ^ "Alastair Sawday: the green travel pioneer". The Simple Things. Retrieved 7 January 2019.
  17. ^ Paull, John (2010). "From France to the World: The International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM)" (PDF). Journal of Social Research & Policy. 1 (2): 93–102.
  18. ^ Soil Association website Archived 21 January 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 8 October 2015
  19. ^ "Monty Don: 'I like dogs because they are not humans'". The Guardian. 11 December 2016.
  20. ^ "Who We Are". Soil Association. Retrieved 26 September 2016.
  21. ^ "[Withdrawn] Organic certification: List of UK approved organic control bodies".
  22. ^ Paull, John (2011) "Nanomaterials in food and agriculture: The big issue of small matter for organic food and farming", Proceedings of the Third Scientific Conference of ISOFAR (International Society of Organic Agriculture Research), 28 September – 1 October, Namyangju, Korea., 2:96–99.

Further reading

  • Conford, Philip (2001), The Origins of the Organic Movement, Floris Books, ISBN 0-86315-336-4
Sayre, Laura (4 March 2004), Review: The Origins of the Organic Movement, Rodale Institute, retrieved 14 August 2010 (provides useful overview and commentary on the book's contents).

External links

Video clips

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