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Twenty20 International

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Not to be confused with Twenty20.

This article is about the format for men's international cricket. For the women's format, see Women's Twenty20 International.
A Twenty20 International between England and Sri Lanka in June 2006 in Southampton Cricket Ground.

A Twenty20 International (T20I) is a form of cricket, played between two of the international members of the International Cricket Council (ICC), in which each team faces a maximum of twenty overs. The matches have top-class status and are the highest T20 standard. The game is played under the rules of Twenty20 cricket. Starting from the format's inception in 2005, T20I status only applied to Full Members and some Associate Member teams. However, in April 2018, the ICC announced that it would grant T20I status to all its 105 members from 1 January 2019.

The shortened format was initially introduced to bolster crowds for the domestic game, and was not intended to be played internationally, but the first Twenty20 International took place on 17 February 2005 when Australia defeated New Zealand, and the first tournament was played two years later, with the introduction of the ICC T20 World Cup. In 2016, for the first time in a calendar year, more Twenty20 International matches (100) were played than ODI matches (99).[1] As of November 2021, 90 nations feature in ICC T20I team rankings.[2]

Twenty20 International format also sees one mandatory powerplay taken in the first six overs. This shorter format of the game makes reaching the traditional milestones of scoring a century or taking five wickets in an innings more difficult, and few players have achieved these. The highest individual score in a Twenty20 International is 172, made by Australia's Aaron Finch against Zimbabwe in 2018, while Nigeria's Peter Aho has the best bowling figures of 6/5 against Sierra Leone in October 2021.

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History of cricket
Records

Origins

Cricket itself was probably first played in England in the Late Middle Ages, but it did not rise to prominence until the eighteenth century. A set of laws were drawn up in 1744, and the game achieved a level of relative standardisation by the late nineteenth century.[3] One-day cricket was trialled in 1962, and the first domestic tournament played the following year,[4] and in 1971, England and Australia contested the first One Day International. The match consisted of one innings for each side, with 40 eight-ball overs.[5]

In the 1990s, a number of countries were exploring the possibility of a shorter game still: in New Zealand, Martin Crowe developed Cricket Max, in which each team bats for 10 eight-ball overs,[6] while in Australia they considered an eight-a-side contest they dubbed "Super 8s". At the same time, the England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB) conducted consumer research, and proposed the idea of a 20 overs-per-side contest, which would last for about three hours.[7] The first match was played in 2003 between Hampshire and Sussex.[citation needed]

History

The first Twenty20 International match between two men's sides was played on 17 February 2005, involving Australia and New Zealand. Wisden Cricketers' Almanack reported that "neither side took the game especially seriously",[8] and it was noted by ESPNcricinfo that but for a large score for Ricky Ponting, "the concept would have shuddered".[9] However, Ponting himself said "if it does become an international game then I'm sure the novelty won't be there all the time".[10]

Two further matches were played that year; England beat Australia in June, and South Africa were defeated by New Zealand in October.[11] Early the following year, a contest between New Zealand and the West Indies finished as the first tied match, and a tiebreak was played for the first time in men's international cricket: the two sides took part in a bowl-out to determine a winner; New Zealand won 3–0.[12]

The game had initially been developed to boost the interest in domestic cricket, and to aid this the international teams were only allowed to host three T20Is each year. The cricket manager for the ICC, David Richardson, also commented that "Part of the success of Twenty20 cricket is making sure it can coexist with Test cricket and one-dayers."[13] Despite this, the first international tournament was held in 2007 in South Africa; the 2007 ICC World Twenty20.[13] That tournament was won by India, who defeated their close rivals Pakistan in the final. Writing for The Guardian, Dilip Premachandran suggested that the competition's success meant that "the format is here to stay".[14] The next tournament was scheduled for 2009, and it was decided that they would take place biannually (more frequently than the 50 over Cricket World Cup, which occurs once every four years).[15] In the opening match of the 2007 World Twenty20, Chris Gayle scored the first century in a T20I, the achievement being reached in the twentieth match of the format.[16]

The 500th T20I match was contested between Ireland and the United Arab Emirates at the Sheikh Zayed Stadium, Abu Dhabi on 16 February 2016.[17]

ICC decided to use Umpire Decision Review System (DRS) in Twenty20 Internationals from the end of September 2017,[18][19] with its first use in the India-Australia T20I series in October 2017.[20]

Current international rankings

Current ICC members by membership status:
  Full members (12)
  Associate members with ODI status (8)
  Associate members (85)
  Former members (4)
  Non-members
ICC Men's T20I Team Rankings
Team Matches Points Rating
 India 70 18,747 268
 Australia 48 12,417 259
 England 45 11,497 255
 West Indies 56 14,060 253
 New Zealand 51 12,578 247
 South Africa 44 10,770 245
 Pakistan 49 11,719 239
 Sri Lanka 45 10,467 233
 Bangladesh 53 11,898 224
 Afghanistan 39 8,682 223
 Ireland 49 9,629 197
 Zimbabwe 51 9,915 194
 Scotland 27 5,151 191
 Netherlands 28 5,131 183
 Namibia 41 7,456 183
 United Arab Emirates 46 8,198 178
   Nepal 46 7,852 171
 United States 30 5,010 167
 Oman 45 7,194 160
 Papua New Guinea 31 4,472 144
 Canada 28 3,914 140
 Uganda 64 8,592 134
 Hong Kong 47 6,173 131
 Kuwait 41 5,087 124
 Malaysia 50 6,123 122
 Bahrain 36 4,299 119
 Jersey 26 3,063 118
 Qatar 23 2,598 113
 Spain 22 2,442 111
 Italy 18 1,944 108
 Bermuda 11 1,185 108
 Kenya 56 5,870 105
 Saudi Arabia 30 3,142 105
 Tanzania 47 4,301 92
 Germany 32 2,860 89
 Nigeria 34 2,711 80
 Guernsey 23 1,759 76
 Singapore 29 2,217 76
 Norway 20 1,444 72
 Cayman Islands 9 646 72
 Denmark 25 1,711 68
 Cambodia 22 1,471 67
 Portugal 17 1,071 63
 Isle of Man 14 857 61
 Japan 36 2,174 60
 Belgium 29 1,710 59
 Austria 30 1,691 56
 France 24 1,325 55
  Switzerland 17 934 55
 Botswana 24 1,298 54
 Cook Islands 9 426 47
 Romania 28 1,316 47
 Malawi 30 1,369 46
 Sweden 17 770 45
 Finland 21 950 45
 Argentina 9 407 45
 Czech Republic 19 809 43
 Thailand 28 1,133 40
 Vanuatu 22 884 40
 Philippines 24 894 37
 Mozambique 21 751 36
 Fiji 11 387 35
 Rwanda 73 2,416 33
 Samoa 11 357 32
 Ghana 33 1,045 32
 Estonia 19 597 31
 Indonesia 45 1,394 31
 Luxembourg 28 753 27
 Sierra Leone 25 651 26
 Malta 46 1,191 26
 Israel 7 178 25
 Bahamas 8 191 24
 Gibraltar 31 615 20
 Hungary 17 336 20
 Slovenia 8 150 19
 Panama 9 157 17
 Bhutan 21 338 16
 Cyprus 17 272 16
 Mexico 9 131 15
 Croatia 17 167 10
 Maldives 31 234 8
 Eswatini 17 118 7
 Cameroon 15 99 7
 China 11 53 5
 Bulgaria 25 96 4
 Serbia 22 70 3
 Lesotho 16 3 0
 Mongolia 14 0 0
 Turkey 9 0 0
 South Korea 8 0 0
 Seychelles 10 0 0
 Myanmar 18 0 0
 Mali 11 0 0
 Greece 8 0 0
 Gambia 9 0 0
References: ICC T20I rankings, As of 18 November 2024
"Matches" is the number of matches played in the 12–24 months since the May before last, plus half the number in the 24 months before that.

Teams with T20I status

Permanent T20I status

Prior to 2019, permanent T20I status was limited to the Test-playing nations (the full members of the ICC), which included 12 teams after the promotion of Afghanistan and Ireland to full member status in 2017. In April 2018, the ICC announced that it would grant T20I status to all of its 105 members from 1 January 2019.[21][22][23] Nations that have played T20I cricket are listed below, with the date of their first T20I after gaining permanent T20I status shown in brackets (some of these nations had previously played T20Is with temporary status):

  1.  Australia (17 February 2005)
  2.  New Zealand (17 February 2005)
  3.  England (13 June 2005)
  4.  South Africa (21 October 2005)
  5.  West Indies (16 February 2006)
  6.  Sri Lanka (15 June 2006)
  7.  Pakistan (28 August 2006)
  8.  Bangladesh (28 November 2006)
  9.  Zimbabwe (28 November 2006)
  10.  India (1 December 2006)
  11.  Afghanistan (5 February 2018)
  12.  Ireland (12 June 2018)
  13.  Bahrain (20 January 2019)
  14.  Kuwait (20 January 2019)
  15.  Maldives (20 January 2019)
  16.  Saudi Arabia (20 January 2019)
  17.  Qatar (21 January 2019)
  18.    Nepal (31 January 2019)
  19.  United Arab Emirates (31 January 2019)
  20.  Netherlands (13 February 2019)
  21.  Oman (13 February 2019)
  22.  Scotland (13 February 2019)
  23.  United States (15 March 2019)
  24.  Papua New Guinea (22 March 2019)
  25.  Philippines (22 March 2019)
  26.  Vanuatu (22 March 2019)
  27.  Malta (29 March 2019)
  28.  Spain (29 March 2019)
  29.  Belize (25 April 2019)
  30.  Costa Rica (25 April 2019)
  31.  Mexico (25 April 2019)
  32.  Panama (25 April 2019)
  33.  Belgium (11 May 2019)
  34.  Germany (11 May 2019)
  35.  Botswana (20 May 2019)
  36.  Ghana (20 May 2019)
  37.  Kenya (20 May 2019)
  38.  Namibia (20 May 2019)
  39.  Nigeria (20 May 2019)
  40.  Uganda (20 May 2019)
  41.  Italy (25 May 2019)
  42.  Guernsey (31 May 2019)
  43.  Jersey (31 May 2019)
  44.  Norway (15 June 2019)
  45.  Denmark (16 June 2019)
  46.  Malaysia (24 June 2019)
  47.  Thailand (24 June 2019)
  48.  Samoa (8 July 2019)
  49.  Finland (13 July 2019)
  50.  Singapore (22 July 2019)
  51.  Bermuda (18 August 2019)
  52.  Canada (18 August 2019)
  53.  Cayman Islands (18 August 2019)
  54.  Austria (29 August 2019)
  55.  Luxembourg (29 August 2019)
  56.  Romania (29 August 2019)
  57.  Turkey (29 August 2019)
  58.  Czech Republic (30 August 2019)
  59.  Argentina (3 October 2019)
  60.  Brazil (3 October 2019)
  61.  Chile (3 October 2019)
  62.  Peru (3 October 2019)
  63.  Hong Kong (5 October 2019)
  64.  Bulgaria (14 October 2019)
  65.  Serbia (14 October 2019)
  66.  Greece (15 October 2019)
  67.  Portugal (25 October 2019)
  68.  Gibraltar (26 October 2019)
  69.  Malawi (6 November 2019)
  70.  Mozambique (6 November 2019)
  71.  Bhutan (5 December 2019)
  72.  Iran (23 February 2020)
  73.  Isle of Man (21 August 2020)
  74.  France (5 August 2021)
  75.  Sweden (14 August 2021)
  76.  Rwanda (18 August 2021)
  77.  Hungary (2 September 2021)
  78.  Cyprus (5 October 2021)
  79.  Estonia (5 October 2021)
  80.  Eswatini (16 October 2021)
  81.  Lesotho (16 October 2021)
  82.  Seychelles (16 October 2021)
  83.  Sierra Leone (19 October 2021)
  84.   Switzerland (22 October 2021)
  85.  Tanzania (2 November 2021)
  86.  Cameroon (3 November 2021)
  87.  Bahamas (7 November 2021)
  88.  Israel (28 June 2022)
  89.  Croatia (13 July 2022)
  90.  Slovenia (25 July 2022)
  91.  Cook Islands (9 September 2022)
  92.  Fiji (9 September 2022)
  93.  Indonesia (9 October 2022)
  94.  Japan (9 October 2022)
  95.  South Korea (15 October 2022)
  96.  Mali (17 November 2022)
  97.  Saint Helena (17 November 2022)
  98.  Gambia (1 December 2022)

Temporary T20I status

Between 2005 and 2018, the ICC granted temporary ODI and T20I status to a selection of other teams (known as Associate members). Teams earned this temporary status for a period of four years based on their performance in the quadrennial ICC World Cricket League – or, more specifically, based on the top six finishing positions at the ICC World Cup Qualifier, which is the final event of the World Cricket League.[24] Teams could also earn this status by qualifying for the ICC T20 World Cup.

Twelve nations held this temporary T20I status before being promoted to T20I status or relegated after underperforming at the World Cup Qualifier or World Twenty20 Qualifier:

The ICC has also given special T20I status to the ICC World XI team for:

Cricket at international multi-sport events

Ajantha Mendis was the first player to take six wickets in a T20I

Cricket was played as part of the 1900 Summer Olympics, when England and France contested a two-day match.[27] In 1998, cricket was played as part of the Commonwealth Games, on this occasion in the 50-over format. There was some talk about Twenty20 cricket being part of the 2010 Commonwealth Games, which were held in Delhi, but at the time the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI), were not in favour of the short format of the game, and it was not included.[28]

Cricket was played in 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou, China[29] and 2014 Asian Games in Incheon, South Korea.[30] India skipped both times.[31] There was further calls for subsequent Commonwealth Games and Olympic Games. The Commonwealth Games Federation asked the ICC to participate in the 2014 and 2018 Commonwealth Games, but the ICC turned down the invitation.[32] In 2010, the International Olympic Committee recognised the International Cricket Council as a governing body that complied to the requirements of the Olympic charter which in turn meant that cricket could apply to be included in the Olympic Games,[33] but in 2013 the ICC announced that it had no intentions to make such an application, primarily due to opposition from the BCCI. ESPNcricinfo suggested that the opposition might be based on the possible loss of income.[citation needed] In April 2016, ICC chief executive David Richardson said that Twenty20 cricket can have a chance of getting in for the 2024 Summer Games, but there must be collective support shown by the ICC's membership base, in particular from BCCI, in order for there to be a chance of inclusion.[34]

Statistics

Main article: List of Twenty20 International records
Main article: List of centuries in Twenty20 International cricket
Main article: List of five-wicket hauls in Twenty20 International cricket
Rohit Sharma is the only player to score 4 T20I Tons

The highest team total in a T20I was made by Afghanistan versus Ireland when they scored 278/3.[35][36] The lowest total was recorded in 2019, when Czech Republic bowled out Turkey for just 21 runs.[37] The highest successful chase was made in February 2018, when Australia scored 245 runs to overhaul New Zealand's target and win the match.[38]

As of 29 November 2022, Virat Kohli has scored the most runs in the format with 4,008[39] Aaron Finch has made the highest individual score in T20Is, with his innings of 172 against Zimbabwe in 2018.[40] Sri Lankan bowler Lasith Malinga holds the records for the most wickets, having taken 107 wickets in 84 matches,[41] whilst India's Deepak Chahar recorded the best bowling figures when he took 6 wickets for 7 runs against Bangladesh in November 2019.[42]

See also

References

  1. ^ "More results, more Rohit Sharma 2452 runs, and more T20Is than ODIs". ESPNcricinfo. 3 January 2017.
  2. ^ "Men's T20I Team Rankings". icc-cricket.com. Retrieved 16 September 2022.
  3. ^ Birley, Derek (2003) [1999]. A Social History of English Cricket. Aurum Press. pp. 3–107. ISBN 1-85410-941-3.
  4. ^ Williamson, Martin (9 April 2011). "The low-key birth of one-day cricket". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
  5. ^ Williamson, Martin (22 June 2010). "The birth of the one-day international". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
  6. ^ "Cricket Max – The Game Invented By Martin Crowe". ESPNcricinfo. 2 February 1996. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
  7. ^ "History of Twenty20 cricket". England and Wales Cricket Board. Archived from the original on 3 February 2015. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
  8. ^ Ramsay, Andrew (2006). "New Zealand v Australia". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
  9. ^ English, Peter (18 February 2005). "Saved by Private Ricky". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
  10. ^ "South Africa's Superman". ESPNcricinfo. 17 May 2006. Retrieved 17 February 2017.
  11. ^ "Records / 2005 / Twenty20 Internationals / Match results". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
  12. ^ "WI beat NZ in historical tiebreaker". International Cricket Council. 26 December 2008. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
  13. ^ a b "Is twenty plenty?". ESPNcricinfo. 24 March 2007. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
  14. ^ Premachandran, Dileep (26 September 2007). "Great win, but easy on the chest-thumping". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
  15. ^ "Global Tournaments". International Cricket Council. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
  16. ^ Gopalakrishna, HR; Vaghese, Mathew (11 September 2007). "Gayle and Gibbs run riot". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
  17. ^ "(500) games of T20I cricket". cricket.com.au. Retrieved 18 February 2016.
  18. ^ "Uniform DRS likely from October". ESPNcricinfo. 6 February 2017.
  19. ^ "ICC takes a huge decision which may slow down T20s". DNA India. 4 February 2017.
  20. ^ "Australia denied advantage of new rules". ESPNcricinfo. 8 October 2017.
  21. ^ "All T20 matches between ICC members to get international status". International Cricket Council. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
  22. ^ "T20s between all ICC members to have international status". ESPNcricinfo. 26 April 2018.
  23. ^ "T20s between all ICC members to have international status". ESPNcricinfo. 27 April 2018. Archived from the original on 16 November 2018. Retrieved 26 February 2019.
  24. ^ "Nepal, Netherlands get T20 international status". ESPNcricinfo. 28 June 2014. Retrieved 1 June 2019.
  25. ^ "ICC confirms plans for World XI tour to Pakistan for three-game T20 series in September". Firstpost. 24 June 2017. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
  26. ^ "West Indies, Rest of the World XI to play fundraising T20I". ESPNcricinfo. 14 February 2018. Retrieved 21 April 2018.
  27. ^ Buchanan, Ian (1993). Mallon, Bill (ed.). "Cricket at the 1900 Games" (PDF). Journal of Olympic History. 1 (2). International Society of Olympic Historians: 4. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 September 2008.
  28. ^ "Cricket unlikely at 2010 Games". ESPNcricinfo. 23 January 2006. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
  29. ^ "Asian Games Men's Cricket Competition". ESPNcricinfo.
  30. ^ "Asian Games Men's Cricket Competition". ESPNcricinfo.
  31. ^ "India to skip Asian Games again". ESPNcricinfo. 1 August 2014.
  32. ^ "ICC rejects 2018 offer, cricket stays out of Commonwealth Games". Reuters. 24 July 2014. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
  33. ^ "Cricket gets Olympic approval". ESPNcricinfo. 12 February 2010. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
  34. ^ "ICC's Richardson wants more teams in World T20". ESPNcricinfo. 3 April 2016.
  35. ^ "Records / Twenty20 Internationals / Team records / Highest innings totals". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 26 September 2020.
  36. ^ "Records / Twenty20 Internationals / Team records / Largest margin of victory (by runs)". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 26 September 2020.
  37. ^ "Records / Twenty20 Internationals / Team records / Lowest innings totals". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 26 September 2020.
  38. ^ "Statistics / Statsguru / Twenty20 Internationals / Team records". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 26 September 2020.
  39. ^ "Records / Twenty20 Internationals / Batting records / Most runs in career". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 26 September 2020.
  40. ^ "Records / Twenty20 Internationals / Batting records / Most runs in an innings". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 26 September 2020.
  41. ^ "Records / Twenty20 Internatioոals / Bowling records / Most wickets in career". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 26 September 2020.
  42. ^ "Records / Twenty20 Internationals / Bowling records / Best figures in an innings". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 26 September 2020.
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