Eidothea zoexylocarya: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|Species of tree in the family Proteaceae}} |
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{{Taxobox |
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{{Speciesbox |
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| image = Eidothea zoexylocarya Atherton.JPG |
| image = Eidothea zoexylocarya Atherton.JPG |
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| image_caption = ''Eidothea zoexylocarya'' leaves, Atherton CSIRO |
| image_caption = ''Eidothea zoexylocarya'' leaves, Atherton CSIRO |
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| status = VU |
| status = VU |
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| status_system = EPBC |
| status_system = EPBC |
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| status_ref = |
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| regnum = [[Plantae]] |
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| unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]] |
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| unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]] |
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| ordo = [[Proteales]] |
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| familia = [[Proteaceae]] |
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| subfamilia = [[Proteoideae]] |
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}} |
}} |
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'''''Eidothea zoexylocarya''''' is a species of tall rainforest trees |
'''''Eidothea zoexylocarya''''' is a species of tall rainforest trees [[Endemism|endemic]] to north-eastern [[Queensland]], Australia and constituting part of the plant family [[Proteaceae]].<ref name="RFK8"/> In European–Australian science, these trees were only recognised in recent decades, first from the slopes of [[Mount Bartle Frere]], the [[Queensland]] mountain which reaches the highest altitude. In 1995, scientific descriptions of the trees, as this [[genus]] and type species, were published for the first time by Andrew W. Douglas and [[Bernard Hyland|Bernie Hyland]].<ref name=Douglas-Hyland-1995-Fl-Australia/><ref name=APNI/><ref name=Weston-Kooyman-2002/> The species name refers to the almost identical fossil fruit ''[[Xylocaryon lockii]]'' {{Au|F.Muell.}} (picture below), from [[Ballarat]], southern Australia, still extant (''zoe'' means life) in this north-eastern Australian species. |
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''Eidothea zoexylocarya'''s rare, endemic, geographically isolated distribution has obtained the conservation status "[[Vulnerable species|vulnerable]]", officially listed in the regulation current {{as of|2013|Sept|27|lc=y}}, of the Queensland government legislation, the ''[[Nature Conservation Act 1992]]''.<ref name=QLD-NatureConWiR06/> |
''Eidothea zoexylocarya'''s rare, endemic, geographically isolated distribution has obtained the conservation status "[[Vulnerable species|vulnerable]]", officially listed in the regulation current {{as of|2013|Sept|27|lc=y}}, of the Queensland government legislation, the ''[[Nature Conservation Act 1992]]''.<ref name=QLD-NatureConWiR06/> |
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==Description== |
==Description== |
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They grow naturally to tall trees up to {{Convert|40|m}} tall, with one main trunk, up to {{Convert|80|cm|abbr=on}} diameter at breast height and without the coppice shoots around the base typical of ''[[Eidothea hardeniana]]''.<ref name=Douglas-Hyland-1995-Fl-Australia/><ref name=Weston-Kooyman-2002/><ref name= |
They grow naturally to tall trees up to {{Convert|40|m}} tall, with one main trunk, up to {{Convert|80|cm|abbr=on}} diameter at breast height and without the coppice shoots around the base typical of ''[[Eidothea hardeniana]]''.<ref name=Douglas-Hyland-1995-Fl-Australia/><ref name=Weston-Kooyman-2002/><ref name="COOPER2"/> They have ash–grey bark with pale lenticels.<ref name=Douglas-Hyland-1995-Fl-Australia-genus/> |
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They have |
They have mostly hairless, simple leaves {{Convert|45|-|145|*|15|-|55|mm|in|abbr=on}}, arranged opposite to each other or in whorls of 3–8.<ref name=Douglas-Hyland-1995-Fl-Australia/><ref name="RFK8"/><ref name="COOPER2"/> ''E. zoexylocarya'' is the only known [[Proteaceae]] to possess giant [[Plant cuticle|cuticular]] pores in its leaves (diameter 1 μm, density 120000/mm{{Super|2}}),<ref name=Carpenter-etal.-2007/> which could play a role in absorbing more water from mist after periods of water stress. |
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From Sep. to May flowering occurs in axillary or terminal clusters, {{Convert|1.5|–|2|cm|1|abbr=on}} long, of 6–10 flowers; each flower has white or cream [[perianth]] parts {{Convert|8|-|9|mm|abbr=on}} long, fragrant and insect pollinated.<ref name=Douglas-Hyland-1995-Fl-Australia/><ref name= |
From Sep. to May flowering occurs in axillary or terminal clusters, {{Convert|1.5|–|2|cm|1|abbr=on}} long, of 6–10 flowers; each flower has white or cream [[perianth]] parts {{Convert|8|-|9|mm|abbr=on}} long, fragrant and insect pollinated.<ref name=Douglas-Hyland-1995-Fl-Australia/><ref name="RFK8"/><ref name="COOPER2"/> |
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The fruits have a globose or ovoid shape, green to yellowish or brown, {{Convert|2.1|-|6.0|cm|abbr=on}} long x {{Convert|1.8|-|6.5|cm|1|abbr=on}} wide and ripen from Aug.–May.<ref name=Douglas-Hyland-1995-Fl-Australia/><ref name= |
The fruits have a globose or ovoid shape, green to yellowish or brown, {{Convert|2.1|-|6.0|cm|abbr=on}} long x {{Convert|1.8|-|6.5|cm|1|abbr=on}} wide and ripen from Aug.–May.<ref name=Douglas-Hyland-1995-Fl-Australia/><ref name="COOPER2"/> Each seed is contained in a hard woody brown [[endocarp]] with several longitudinal ribs on its inside corresponding to longitudinal intrusions in the seed surface. [[Giant white-tailed rat]]s eat the seeds both on the tree and the ground. The hollowed out woody endocarps often remain around the base of the parent tree as they break down slowly.<ref name=Douglas-Hyland-1995-Fl-Australia/> |
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==Distribution and habitat== |
==Distribution and habitat== |
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They grow naturally in rainforests from [[Mount Bartle Frere]] (headwaters of the [[Mulgrave River]] and [[Russell River (Queensland)|Russell River]]) to [[Thornton Peak]] and [[Mount Pieter Botte]] (headwaters of the [[Bloomfield River]]), north-eastern [[Queensland]]. They grow naturally in soils derived from [[metamorphic]] or [[granitic]] geological parent materials, in complex [[mesophyll]] (leaf area) to simple [[notophyll]] vine forests, at altitude {{Convert|430|–|1480|m|abbr=on}} and |
They grow naturally in rainforests from [[Mount Bartle Frere]] (headwaters of the [[Mulgrave River]] and [[Russell River (Queensland)|Russell River]]) to [[Thornton Peak]] and [[Mount Pieter Botte]] (headwaters of the [[Bloomfield River]]), north-eastern [[Queensland]]. They grow naturally in soils derived from [[metamorphic]] or [[granitic]] geological parent materials, in complex [[mesophyll]] (leaf area) to simple [[notophyll]] vine forests, at altitude {{Convert|430|–|1480|m|abbr=on}} and have records from several conservation areas. |
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==Fruit picture== |
==Fruit picture== |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist |
{{Reflist| refs= |
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<ref name=Douglas-Hyland-1995-Fl-Australia> |
<ref name=Douglas-Hyland-1995-Fl-Australia>{{Cite book |
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| last1= Douglas |
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⚫ | |||
| first1= Andrew W. |
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| last2= Hyland |
| last2= Hyland |
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| first2= Bernie P. M. |
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| author-link2= Bernard Hyland |
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| year= 1995 |
| year= 1995 |
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| contribution= ''Eidothea zoexylocarya'' |
| contribution= ''Eidothea zoexylocarya'' A.W.Douglas & B.Hyland |
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| format= |
| format= PDF |
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| contribution-url= http://www.anbg.gov.au/abrs/online-resources/flora/stddisplay.xsql?pnid=44710 |
| contribution-url= http://www.anbg.gov.au/abrs/online-resources/flora/stddisplay.xsql?pnid=44710 |
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| editor1-last= McCarthy |
| editor1-last= McCarthy |
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| editor1-first= P. M. |
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| title= Flora of Australia: Volume 16: Eleagnaceae, Proteaceae 1 |
| title= Flora of Australia: Volume 16: Eleagnaceae, Proteaceae 1 |
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| url= |
| url= http://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/pages/6c3c64a0-7c3f-4e5a-b04f-4287f7e18433/files/flora-australia-16-elaeagnaceae-proteaceae-1.pdf |
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| series= Flora of Australia series |
| series= Flora of Australia series |
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| at= pages 473, 128, Fig. 46, Map 119 |
| at= pages 473, 128, Fig. 46, Map 119 |
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| publisher= CSIRO Publishing / Australian Biological Resources Study |
| publisher= CSIRO Publishing / Australian Biological Resources Study |
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| isbn= 978-0-643-05692-3 |
| isbn= 978-0-643-05692-3 |
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| |
| access-date= 4 Nov 2013 |
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| url-status= dead |
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| archive-date= 22 October 2017 |
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| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171022141335/http://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/pages/6c3c64a0-7c3f-4e5a-b04f-4287f7e18433/files/flora-australia-16-elaeagnaceae-proteaceae-1.pdf |
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}}</ref> |
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<ref name=Douglas-Hyland-1995-Fl-Australia-genus> |
<ref name=Douglas-Hyland-1995-Fl-Australia-genus> |
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| last2= Hyland | first2= Bernie P. M. |
| last2= Hyland | first2= Bernie P. M. |
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| year= 1995 |
| year= 1995 |
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| contribution= ''Eidothea'' |
| contribution= ''Eidothea'' A.W.Douglas & B.Hyland |
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| format= online version |
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| contribution-url= http://www.anbg.gov.au/abrs/online-resources/flora/stddisplay.xsql?pnid=44709 |
| contribution-url= http://www.anbg.gov.au/abrs/online-resources/flora/stddisplay.xsql?pnid=44709 |
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| editor1-last= McCarthy | editor1-first= P. M. |
| editor1-last= McCarthy | editor1-first= P. M. |
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| title= Flora of Australia: Volume 16: Eleagnaceae, Proteaceae 1 |
| title= Flora of Australia: Volume 16: Eleagnaceae, Proteaceae 1 |
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| url= |
| url= http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/publications/flora-of-australia/vol16.html |
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| series= Flora of Australia series |
| series= Flora of Australia series |
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| at= pages 472, 127-128 |
| at= pages 472, 127-128 |
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| publisher= CSIRO Publishing / Australian Biological Resources Study |
| publisher= CSIRO Publishing / Australian Biological Resources Study |
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| isbn= 978-0-643-05692-3 |
| isbn= 978-0-643-05692-3 |
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| |
| access-date= 4 Nov 2013 |
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}} |
}} |
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</ref> |
</ref> |
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<ref name=APNI> |
<ref name=APNI> |
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{{APNI | name = ''Eidothea zoexylocarya'' {{Au|A.W.Douglas & B.Hyland}} | id = 122508 | |
{{APNI | name = ''Eidothea zoexylocarya'' {{Au|A.W.Douglas & B.Hyland}} | id = 122508 | access-date= 3 Nov 2013 }} |
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</ref> |
</ref> |
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<ref name=Weston-Kooyman-2002> |
<ref name=Weston-Kooyman-2002> |
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|last1=Weston |
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|first1=P. H. |
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|last2=Kooyman |
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|first2=R. M. |
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|year=2002 |
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|journal=Telopea |
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|volume=9 |
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|issue=4 |
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|pages=821–832 |
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|url=http://www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/72805/Tel9Wes821.pdf |
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|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091004215123/http://www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/72805/Tel9Wes821.pdf |
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|url-status=dead |
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|archive-date=2009-10-04 |
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|doi=10.7751/telopea20024022 |
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|doi-access=free |
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</ref> |
</ref> |
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<ref name=QLD-NatureConWiR06> |
<ref name=QLD-NatureConWiR06> |
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{{Cite web | url= http://www.legislation.qld.gov.au/LEGISLTN/CURRENT/N/NatureConWiR06.pdf | author= Queensland Government | date= 27 |
{{Cite web | url= http://www.legislation.qld.gov.au/LEGISLTN/CURRENT/N/NatureConWiR06.pdf | author= Queensland Government | date= 27 Sep 2013 | title= Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulation 2006 | page= 49 | work= Nature Conservation Act 1992 | location= Australia | version= Online, accessed from www.legislation.qld.gov.au | access-date= 28 Nov 2013 }} |
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</ref> |
</ref> |
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<ref name= |
<ref name="COOPER2">{{Cite book |
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|last1=Cooper |
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{{Cite book |
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|first1=Wendy |
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| |
|last2=Cooper |
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|first2=William T. |
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|author-link2=William T. Cooper |
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| month = June |
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| contribution= ''Eidothea zoexylocarya'' {{Au|A.W.Douglas & B.Hyland}} |
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| contribution-url= http://books.google.com.au/books?id=s0JFAQAAIAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=%22Eidothea+zoexylocarya%22 |
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|url=https://www.nokomis.com.au/product/nokomis-published-books/fruits-australian-tropical-rainforest/ |
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|access-date=5 March 2021 |
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| url = http://nokomis.com.au/fruits.html |
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<ref name=RFK8>{{cite web |
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| accessdate= 4 Nov 2013 |
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|url=https://apps.lucidcentral.org/rainforest/text/entities/eidothea_zoexylocarya.htm |
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}} |
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|author=F.A. Zich |author2=B.P.M Hyland |author3=T. Whiffen |author4=R.A. Kerrigan |website=[[Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants]], Edition 8 |year=2020 |publisher=[[Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation]] (CSIRO) |
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|access-date=5 March 2021 |
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<ref name=AustTRFPK6.1> |
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{{AustTRFPK6.1 | url= http://keys.trin.org.au:8080/key-server/data/0e0f0504-0103-430d-8004-060d07080d04/media/Html/taxon/Eidothea_zoexylocarya.htm | name= Eidothea zoexylocarya | noHyl= y | accessdate= 4 Nov 2013 }} |
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<ref name=Carpenter-etal.-2007> |
<ref name=Carpenter-etal.-2007> |
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{{Cite journal | last1= Carpenter | first1= Raymond | last2= Jordan | first2= Gregory J. | last3= Leigh | first3= Andrea | last4= Brodribb | first4= Timothy J. | |
{{Cite journal | last1= Carpenter | first1= Raymond | last2= Jordan | first2= Gregory J. | last3= Leigh | first3= Andrea | last4= Brodribb | first4= Timothy J. |date=Aug 2007 | title= Giant cuticular pores in ''Eidothea zoexylocarya'' (Proteaceae) leaves | journal= American Journal of Botany | volume= 94 | issue= 8 | pages= 1282–1288 | doi=10.3732/ajb.94.8.1282 | pmid=21636494| hdl= 10453/12780 | hdl-access= free }} |
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</ref> |
</ref> |
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}} |
}} |
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==External links== |
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* {{Commons category-inline|Eidothea zoexylocarya|''Eidothea zoexylocarya''}} |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q5348822}} |
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[[Category:Proteales of Australia]] |
[[Category:Proteales of Australia]] |
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[[Category:Flora of Queensland]] |
[[Category:Flora of Queensland]] |
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[[Category:Trees of Australia]] |
[[Category:Trees of Australia]] |
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[[Category:Living fossils]] |
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[[Category:Plants described in 1995]] |
[[Category:Plants described in 1995]] |
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[[Category:Taxa named by Bernard Hyland]] |
Revision as of 04:53, 3 January 2024
Eidothea zoexylocarya | |
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Eidothea zoexylocarya leaves, Atherton CSIRO | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Order: | Proteales |
Family: | Proteaceae |
Genus: | Eidothea |
Species: | E. zoexylocarya
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Binomial name | |
Eidothea zoexylocarya |
Eidothea zoexylocarya is a species of tall rainforest trees endemic to north-eastern Queensland, Australia and constituting part of the plant family Proteaceae.[3] In European–Australian science, these trees were only recognised in recent decades, first from the slopes of Mount Bartle Frere, the Queensland mountain which reaches the highest altitude. In 1995, scientific descriptions of the trees, as this genus and type species, were published for the first time by Andrew W. Douglas and Bernie Hyland.[1][2][4] The species name refers to the almost identical fossil fruit Xylocaryon lockii F.Muell. (picture below), from Ballarat, southern Australia, still extant (zoe means life) in this north-eastern Australian species.
Eidothea zoexylocarya's rare, endemic, geographically isolated distribution has obtained the conservation status "vulnerable", officially listed in the regulation current as of 27 September 2013[update], of the Queensland government legislation, the Nature Conservation Act 1992.[5]
Description
They grow naturally to tall trees up to 40 metres (130 ft) tall, with one main trunk, up to 80 cm (31 in) diameter at breast height and without the coppice shoots around the base typical of Eidothea hardeniana.[1][4][6] They have ash–grey bark with pale lenticels.[7]
They have mostly hairless, simple leaves 45–145×15–55 mm (1.77–5.71×0.59–2.17 in), arranged opposite to each other or in whorls of 3–8.[1][3][6] E. zoexylocarya is the only known Proteaceae to possess giant cuticular pores in its leaves (diameter 1 μm, density 120000/mm2),[8] which could play a role in absorbing more water from mist after periods of water stress.
From Sep. to May flowering occurs in axillary or terminal clusters, 1.5–2 cm (0.6–0.8 in) long, of 6–10 flowers; each flower has white or cream perianth parts 8–9 mm (0.31–0.35 in) long, fragrant and insect pollinated.[1][3][6]
The fruits have a globose or ovoid shape, green to yellowish or brown, 2.1–6.0 cm (0.83–2.36 in) long x 1.8–6.5 cm (0.7–2.6 in) wide and ripen from Aug.–May.[1][6] Each seed is contained in a hard woody brown endocarp with several longitudinal ribs on its inside corresponding to longitudinal intrusions in the seed surface. Giant white-tailed rats eat the seeds both on the tree and the ground. The hollowed out woody endocarps often remain around the base of the parent tree as they break down slowly.[1]
Distribution and habitat
They grow naturally in rainforests from Mount Bartle Frere (headwaters of the Mulgrave River and Russell River) to Thornton Peak and Mount Pieter Botte (headwaters of the Bloomfield River), north-eastern Queensland. They grow naturally in soils derived from metamorphic or granitic geological parent materials, in complex mesophyll (leaf area) to simple notophyll vine forests, at altitude 430–1,480 m (1,410–4,860 ft) and have records from several conservation areas.
Fruit picture
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Xylocaryon lockii fossil nuts figured by Ferdinand von Mueller (1883)
References
- ^ a b c d e f g Douglas, Andrew W.; Hyland, Bernie P. M. (1995). "Eidothea zoexylocarya A.W.Douglas & B.Hyland" (PDF). In McCarthy, P. M. (ed.). Flora of Australia: Volume 16: Eleagnaceae, Proteaceae 1 (PDF). Flora of Australia series. CSIRO Publishing / Australian Biological Resources Study. pages 473, 128, Fig. 46, Map 119. ISBN 978-0-643-05692-3. Archived from the original on 22 October 2017. Retrieved 4 Nov 2013.
- ^ a b "Eidothea zoexylocarya A.W.Douglas & B.Hyland". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government. Retrieved 3 Nov 2013.
- ^ a b c F.A. Zich; B.P.M Hyland; T. Whiffen; R.A. Kerrigan (2020). "Eidothea zoexylocarya". Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants, Edition 8. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO). Retrieved 5 March 2021.
- ^ a b Weston, P. H.; Kooyman, R. M. (2002). "Systematics of Eidothea (Proteaceae), with the description of a new species, E. hardeniana, from the Nightcap Range, north-eastern New South Wales" (PDF). Telopea. 9 (4): 821–832. doi:10.7751/telopea20024022. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-10-04.
- ^ Queensland Government (27 Sep 2013). "Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulation 2006" (PDF). Nature Conservation Act 1992. Online, accessed from www.legislation.qld.gov.au. Australia. p. 49. Retrieved 28 Nov 2013.
- ^ a b c d Cooper, Wendy; Cooper, William T. (June 2004). Fruits of the Australian Tropical Rainforest. Clifton Hill, Victoria, Australia: Nokomis Editions. p. 410. ISBN 9780958174213. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
- ^ Douglas, Andrew W.; Hyland, Bernie P. M. (1995). "Eidothea A.W.Douglas & B.Hyland". In McCarthy, P. M. (ed.). Flora of Australia: Volume 16: Eleagnaceae, Proteaceae 1. Flora of Australia series. CSIRO Publishing / Australian Biological Resources Study. pages 472, 127-128. ISBN 978-0-643-05692-3. Retrieved 4 Nov 2013.
- ^ Carpenter, Raymond; Jordan, Gregory J.; Leigh, Andrea; Brodribb, Timothy J. (Aug 2007). "Giant cuticular pores in Eidothea zoexylocarya (Proteaceae) leaves". American Journal of Botany. 94 (8): 1282–1288. doi:10.3732/ajb.94.8.1282. hdl:10453/12780. PMID 21636494.
External links
- Media related to Eidothea zoexylocarya at Wikimedia Commons