Manureva: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox Sailing yacht |
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The '''''Manureva''''' (originally named '''''Pen Duick IV''''') was a [[trimaran]] famous for having disappeared at sea, skippered by [[Alain Colas]], during the first “[[Route du Rhum]]” transatlantic solo race. This race runs {{Convert|3510|mi|km}} on a [[great circle]] route from [[Saint-Malo]] (France) to [[Pointe-à-Pitre]] (Guadeloupe, France) and takes place every four years, in the month of November. |
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| title = Manureva |
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| image = Manureva StMalo 1978-11 2.jpeg |
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| caption = ''Manureva'' some days before the start of the first [[Route du Rhum]]. |
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| othernames = ''Pen Duick IV'' |
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| club = |
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| nat = |
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| type = |
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| class = |
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| designer = [[André Allègre]] |
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| builder = La Perrière<br />[[Lorient]], France |
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| launched = 1968 |
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| owner = [[Éric Tabarly]], [[Alain Colas]] |
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| skip = [[Éric Tabarly]], [[Alain Colas]] |
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| wins = |
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| sailno = |
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| fate = Vessel lost at sea 1978 |
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| notes = |
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| length = {{convert|20.80|m|abbr=on}} (LOA) |
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| hulls = [[Trimaran]] |
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}} |
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'''''Manureva''''' (originally named '''''Pen Duick IV''''') was a custom-built racing [[trimaran]] famous for being the first oceangoing multihull racing sailboat, opening the path to the supremacy in speed of this kind of boat over monohulls.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Boyd |first=James |date=2 August 2017 |title=High-speed, Singlehanded Trimarans Ready to Circle the Globe |url=https://www.sailmagazine.com/multihulls/high-speed-singlehanded-trimarans-ready-circle-globe |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=Sail Magazine |language=en-us}}</ref> She won the [[Single-Handed Trans-Atlantic Race#The OSTAR, 1972|1972 Single-Handed Trans-Atlantic Race]], skippered by [[Alain Colas]], and was lost at sea with Colas during the first "[[Route du Rhum]]" transatlantic solo race in 1978.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 August 2022 |title=From Pen Duick IV to Manureva, from records to shipwreck |url=https://www.boatnews.com/story/28463/from-pen-duick-iv-to-manureva-from-records-to-shipwreck |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=BoatNews.com |language=en}}</ref> |
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==Construction== |
==Construction== |
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''Pen Duick IV'' was the brainchild of [[Éric Tabarly]], who had sailed in 1966 on a small trimaran designed by architect Derek Kelsall and had become convinced that multihulls had finally made decisive progress in being competitive in all wind situations. Looking to repeat his 1964 win, Tabarly commissioned ''Pen Duick IV'' for the [[Single-Handed Trans-Atlantic Race#The OSTAR, 1968|1968 Single-Handed Trans-Atlantic Race]] (OSTAR) on a design by French architect André Allègre. |
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The ''Manureva'' was constructed for [[Eric Tabarly]] at the shipyard of La Perrière in [[Lorient]] (France) in 1968.<ref>http://www.citevoile-tabarly.com/eric-tabarly</ref> She was the first oceangoing multihull racing sailboat, leading to the supremacy in speed of this kind of boat over monohulls. Unlike the present [[multihull]]s, which have flotation compartments or materials in the hulls to make them unsinkable, the ''Manureva's'' hulls were constructed from AG4 ([[aluminium]]), which is probably the reason why no part of the boat was found afloat after it was lost at sea. ''Manureva'' was a cultural and technical revolution: this trimaran rigged as a Marconi ketch ([[Bermuda rig]]) was the fastest of her era. Some people even nicknamed her “La pieuvre d’aluminium” (the aluminum octopus). Because she was not painted, she was often described as lacking aesthetics, but this was largely compensated for by her performance. ''Pen Duick IV'' was bought by [[Alain Colas]]<ref>http://adelaitre.pagesperso-orange.fr/Colas.htm</ref> who sailed her to victory in the [[Single-Handed Trans-Atlantic Race#The OSTAR, 1972|OSTAR 1972]], taking 23 days 20 hours 12 min. After this, he renamed ''Pen Duick IV'' to ''Manureva'', meaning “Travel bird” in Tahitian, referring to the [[albatross]], a sea bird which travels very long distances. Alain Colas made some modifications to it, with the aim of circumnavigating the world with stops in several ports along the way. He had concerns that the boat might capsize in the large seas of the southern ocean, so he increased its buoyancy by widening the forward sections of the main hull and floats. In completing his circumnavigation, Alain Colas is well known for being the first sailor to sail solo around the world in a multihull. |
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With composite materials still in their infancy, ''Pen Duick IV'''s hulls were made of AG4 aluminium alloy. Unlike the present [[multihull]]s, which have flotation compartments or materials in the hulls to make them unsinkable, ''Pen Duick IV'' only featured foam filling in some of its compartments. This setup nonetheless proved adequate to keep the boat afloat when Tabarly collided with a cargo on the first night of the 1968 [[OSTAR]] and managed to limp back to England with structural damage. The hulls were linked by a tubular steel frame. ''Pen Duick IV'' was a pure racing machine, with Spartan amenities and even an unpainted hull that soon earned her the nickname "la pieuvre d’aluminium" (the aluminum octopus). It was designed for single-handed sailing and could be raced at its full potential with as few as three crew. |
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Tabarly rigged the boat as a Marconi ketch ([[Bermuda rig]]) on the basis of his 1964 win with the same rig on ''Pen Duick II''. However, ''Pen Duick IV'' featured another radical innovation in the form of swiveling masts, decades before the technology became mainstream. These masts did eventually prove too weak and were soon replaced with conventional ones. |
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Construction started in 1967 at La Perrière shipyard in [[Lorient]], France.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.citevoile-tabarly.com/eric-tabarly|title=Eric Tabarly : Biographie du navigateur}}</ref> Work was slowed down by the social unrest of May 1968 and the boat was finished only two weeks before the start of the OSTAR. |
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After [[Alain Colas]] bought ''Pen Duick IV'' from Tabarly in 1970, he eventually carried out extensive modifications in 1973 to better handle the [[Southern Ocean]] in his upcoming round-the-world record attempt. Larger [[Mast (sailing)|masts]] and a second forward cross-member were fitted, the front hulls were widened, the boat was painted for the first time and was renamed ''Manureva''. No other major modifications would be carried out before the boat was lost at sea. |
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==Racing history== |
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Despite its lack of readiness, ''Pen Duick IV'' showed such speed in its accelerated trials before the 1968 OSTAR that Tabarly had high hopes of a win. However, a collision with a cargo on the first night put an early end to the dream. Tabarly ran a few other Atlantic races that year but had to retire after dismasting. He then decided to participate in two Pacific races in 1969: San Francisco to Tokyo on a new ''Pen Duick V'' and the [[Transpacific Yacht Race]] immediately afterwards on ''Pen Duick IV''. To this end, he sailed the trimaran to San Francisco through the [[Panama Canal]] in the spring of 1969. Tabarly was not aware that multihulls were not eligible to participate in the Transpac but shadowed the race anyway, starting with the official participants. With [[Alain Colas]] and [[Olivier de Kersauson]] as crew, he finished more than 20 hours ahead of official winner ''Blackfin'' and set an unofficial course record of 8 days, 13 hours.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=10 October 2022 |title=1978 Route du Rhum, Alain Colas disappeared off the Azores |url=https://www.boatnews.com/story/18849/1978-route-du-rhum-alain-colas-disappeared-off-the-azores |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=BoatNews.com |language=en}}</ref> |
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Colas bought ''Pen Duick IV'' from Tabarly in 1970 and sailed it back to France single-handed to gain experience for the [[Single-Handed Trans-Atlantic Race#The OSTAR, 1972|1972 Single-Handed Trans-Atlantic Race]]. The preparation paid off, Colas and ''Pen Duick IV'' won the OSTAR handily. On the way back to France, Colas attempted to break the [[Transatlantic sailing record|record]] set in 1905 by ''[[Atlantic (yacht)|Atlantic]]'' but fell short with a time of 17 days and 8 hours, more than five days off the mark.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ultimboat.com/pen-duick|title = Pen duick}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=à 07h22 |first=Par Sandrine Lefèvre Le 4 novembre 2018 |date=4 November 2018 |title=Alain Colas, un marin audacieux et visionnaire |url=https://www.leparisien.fr/sports/alain-colas-un-marin-audacieux-et-visionnaire-04-11-2018-7934538.php |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=leparisien.fr |language=fr-FR}}</ref> |
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After refitting the boat and renaming her ''Manureva'', Colas embarked in 1973 on an attempt to break the record for a single-handed circumnavigation with a stop in [[Sydney]] and succeeded, completing the journey in 169 days at sea.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 September 2018 |title=Alain Colas, le marin inattendu : "le Manureva a coulé, c’est une certitude pour moi" |url=https://www.europe1.fr/sport/alain-colas-le-marin-inattendu-le-manureva-a-coule-cest-une-certitude-pour-moi-3764891 |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=Europe 1 |language=fr}}</ref> |
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For the [[Single-Handed Trans-Atlantic Race#The OSTAR, 1976|1976 OSTAR]], Colas commissioned the purpose-built ''Club Méditerranée''. His brother Jean-François entered to run on ''Manureva'' but was unable to participate due to damage to one of the hulls.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.alain-colas.com/Alain-Colas/Bateau.html |title=Alain Colas, le grand bateau |website=www.alain-colas.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606221908/http://www.alain-colas.com/Alain-Colas/Bateau.html |archive-date=2014-06-06}}</ref> |
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==Disappearance== |
==Disappearance== |
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Colas returned to ''Manureva'' for the first edition of the [[Route du Rhum]] in 1978. This race runs {{Convert|3510|mi|km}} on a [[great circle]] route from [[Saint-Malo]] (France) to [[Pointe-à-Pitre]] (Guadeloupe, France) and takes place every four years, in the month of November. After the start on 5 November, and after having passed the [[Azores]] on the 16th, the skipper sent his last radio message in which he reported that he was having a good trip. He was sailing at the head of the race, among the leaders and he also mentioned a storm was approaching.<ref name=":0" /> He was lost at sea with his boat.<ref name=":0" /> |
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==Song== |
==Song== |
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A song was written by [[Serge Gainsbourg]] in French and interpreted by [[Alain Chamfort]], in tribute to the trimaran and its skipper. The song was released as a single on 15 September 1979, and on the album |
A song "{{ill|Manureva (song)|lt=Manureva|fr|Manureva (chanson)}}" was written by [[Serge Gainsbourg]] in French and interpreted by [[Alain Chamfort]], in tribute to the trimaran and its skipper. The song was released as a single on 15 September 1979, and on the album ''{{ill|Poses (Alain Chamfort album)|lt=Poses|fr|Poses (album d'Alain Chamfort)}}'' later the same year. It is one of Alain Chamfort's greatest successes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 November 2021 |title=Alain Colas, a legendary sailor who cast off one last time 43 years ago |url=https://www.boatnews.com/story/35165/alain-colas-a-legendary-sailor-who-cast-off-one-last-time-42-years-ago |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=BoatNews.com |language=en}}</ref> The song also boosted the fame of the trimaran.<ref name=":0" /> In 2022, french singer [[Calogero (singer)|Calogero]], in his album Centre Ville (deluxe version), sings the song Manureva, as a reference to the disappearance of the boat. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pen_Duick |
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http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pen_Duick_IV |
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http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alain_Colas |
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http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89ric_Tabarly |
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http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manureva_(chanson) |
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http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alain_Colas#Disparition |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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{{Trimarans|state=expanded}} |
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{{Multihulls|state=collapsed}} |
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==See also== |
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* [[List of multihulls]] |
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{{1978 shipwrecks}} |
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[[Category:1968 ships]] |
[[Category:1968 ships]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Sailing yachts of France]] |
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[[Category:Maritime incidents in 1978]] |
[[Category:Maritime incidents in 1978]] |
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[[Category:Trimarans]] |
[[Category:Trimarans]] |
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[[Category:1960s sailing yachts]] |
[[Category:1960s sailing yachts]] |
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[[Category:Sailing yachts built in France]] |
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[[Category:Route du Rhum yachts]] |
Revision as of 00:57, 11 April 2024
![]() Manureva some days before the start of the first Route du Rhum. | |
Other names | Pen Duick IV |
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Designer(s) | André Allègre |
Builder | La Perrière Lorient, France |
Launched | 1968 |
Owner(s) | Éric Tabarly, Alain Colas |
Fate | Vessel lost at sea 1978 |
Racing career | |
Skippers | Éric Tabarly, Alain Colas |
Specifications | |
Length | 20.80 m (68.2 ft) (LOA) |
Manureva (originally named Pen Duick IV) was a custom-built racing trimaran famous for being the first oceangoing multihull racing sailboat, opening the path to the supremacy in speed of this kind of boat over monohulls.[1] She won the 1972 Single-Handed Trans-Atlantic Race, skippered by Alain Colas, and was lost at sea with Colas during the first "Route du Rhum" transatlantic solo race in 1978.[2]
Construction
Pen Duick IV was the brainchild of Éric Tabarly, who had sailed in 1966 on a small trimaran designed by architect Derek Kelsall and had become convinced that multihulls had finally made decisive progress in being competitive in all wind situations. Looking to repeat his 1964 win, Tabarly commissioned Pen Duick IV for the 1968 Single-Handed Trans-Atlantic Race (OSTAR) on a design by French architect André Allègre.
With composite materials still in their infancy, Pen Duick IV's hulls were made of AG4 aluminium alloy. Unlike the present multihulls, which have flotation compartments or materials in the hulls to make them unsinkable, Pen Duick IV only featured foam filling in some of its compartments. This setup nonetheless proved adequate to keep the boat afloat when Tabarly collided with a cargo on the first night of the 1968 OSTAR and managed to limp back to England with structural damage. The hulls were linked by a tubular steel frame. Pen Duick IV was a pure racing machine, with Spartan amenities and even an unpainted hull that soon earned her the nickname "la pieuvre d’aluminium" (the aluminum octopus). It was designed for single-handed sailing and could be raced at its full potential with as few as three crew.
Tabarly rigged the boat as a Marconi ketch (Bermuda rig) on the basis of his 1964 win with the same rig on Pen Duick II. However, Pen Duick IV featured another radical innovation in the form of swiveling masts, decades before the technology became mainstream. These masts did eventually prove too weak and were soon replaced with conventional ones.
Construction started in 1967 at La Perrière shipyard in Lorient, France.[3] Work was slowed down by the social unrest of May 1968 and the boat was finished only two weeks before the start of the OSTAR.
After Alain Colas bought Pen Duick IV from Tabarly in 1970, he eventually carried out extensive modifications in 1973 to better handle the Southern Ocean in his upcoming round-the-world record attempt. Larger masts and a second forward cross-member were fitted, the front hulls were widened, the boat was painted for the first time and was renamed Manureva. No other major modifications would be carried out before the boat was lost at sea.
Racing history
Despite its lack of readiness, Pen Duick IV showed such speed in its accelerated trials before the 1968 OSTAR that Tabarly had high hopes of a win. However, a collision with a cargo on the first night put an early end to the dream. Tabarly ran a few other Atlantic races that year but had to retire after dismasting. He then decided to participate in two Pacific races in 1969: San Francisco to Tokyo on a new Pen Duick V and the Transpacific Yacht Race immediately afterwards on Pen Duick IV. To this end, he sailed the trimaran to San Francisco through the Panama Canal in the spring of 1969. Tabarly was not aware that multihulls were not eligible to participate in the Transpac but shadowed the race anyway, starting with the official participants. With Alain Colas and Olivier de Kersauson as crew, he finished more than 20 hours ahead of official winner Blackfin and set an unofficial course record of 8 days, 13 hours.[4]
Colas bought Pen Duick IV from Tabarly in 1970 and sailed it back to France single-handed to gain experience for the 1972 Single-Handed Trans-Atlantic Race. The preparation paid off, Colas and Pen Duick IV won the OSTAR handily. On the way back to France, Colas attempted to break the record set in 1905 by Atlantic but fell short with a time of 17 days and 8 hours, more than five days off the mark.[5][6]
After refitting the boat and renaming her Manureva, Colas embarked in 1973 on an attempt to break the record for a single-handed circumnavigation with a stop in Sydney and succeeded, completing the journey in 169 days at sea.[7]
For the 1976 OSTAR, Colas commissioned the purpose-built Club Méditerranée. His brother Jean-François entered to run on Manureva but was unable to participate due to damage to one of the hulls.[8]
Disappearance
Colas returned to Manureva for the first edition of the Route du Rhum in 1978. This race runs 3,510 miles (5,650 km) on a great circle route from Saint-Malo (France) to Pointe-à-Pitre (Guadeloupe, France) and takes place every four years, in the month of November. After the start on 5 November, and after having passed the Azores on the 16th, the skipper sent his last radio message in which he reported that he was having a good trip. He was sailing at the head of the race, among the leaders and he also mentioned a storm was approaching.[4] He was lost at sea with his boat.[4]
Song
A song "Manureva " was written by Serge Gainsbourg in French and interpreted by Alain Chamfort, in tribute to the trimaran and its skipper. The song was released as a single on 15 September 1979, and on the album Poses later the same year. It is one of Alain Chamfort's greatest successes.[9] The song also boosted the fame of the trimaran.[4] In 2022, french singer Calogero, in his album Centre Ville (deluxe version), sings the song Manureva, as a reference to the disappearance of the boat.
References
- ^ Boyd, James (2 August 2017). "High-speed, Singlehanded Trimarans Ready to Circle the Globe". Sail Magazine. Retrieved 7 March 2024.
- ^ "From Pen Duick IV to Manureva, from records to shipwreck". BoatNews.com. 23 August 2022. Retrieved 7 March 2024.
- ^ "Eric Tabarly : Biographie du navigateur".
- ^ a b c d "1978 Route du Rhum, Alain Colas disappeared off the Azores". BoatNews.com. 10 October 2022. Retrieved 7 March 2024.
- ^ "Pen duick".
- ^ à 07h22, Par Sandrine Lefèvre Le 4 novembre 2018 (4 November 2018). "Alain Colas, un marin audacieux et visionnaire". leparisien.fr (in French). Retrieved 7 March 2024.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "Alain Colas, le marin inattendu : "le Manureva a coulé, c'est une certitude pour moi"". Europe 1 (in French). 26 September 2018. Retrieved 7 March 2024.
- ^ "Alain Colas, le grand bateau". www.alain-colas.com. Archived from the original on 6 June 2014.
- ^ "Alain Colas, a legendary sailor who cast off one last time 43 years ago". BoatNews.com. 16 November 2021. Retrieved 7 March 2024.