View source for Google

{{About|the corporation|the search engine|Google search|the number 10<sup>100</sup>|Googol|other uses}}
{{pp-semi-protect|small=yes}}
{{Infobox company
| company_name     = Google Inc.
| company_logo     = [[Image:Google.png|250px]]
| company_type     = [[public company|Public]] ({{nasdaq|GOOG}}, {{FWB|GGQ1}})
| foundation       = [[Menlo Park, California]] {{nowrap|({{Start date|1998|09|04}})<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://kepler.sos.ca.gov/corpdata/ShowAllList?QueryCorpNumber=C2119530 |title=Incorporation document |date=April 29, 2004 |accessdate=2008-09-27}}</ref>}}
| founder          = [[Sergey Brin|Sergey M. Brin]]<br />[[Larry Page|Lawrence E. Page]]
| location_city    = [[Mountain View, California|Mountain View]], [[California]]
| location_country = {{nowrap|[[United States]]}}
| area_served      = Worldwide
| key_people       = '''[[Eric E. Schmidt]]'''<br /><small>([[Chairman]] & [[CEO]])</small><br />'''[[Sergey Brin|Sergey M. Brin]]'''<br /><small>(Technology President)</small><br />'''[[Larry Page|Lawrence E. Page]]'''<br /><small>(Products President)</small>
| industry         = [[Internet]], [[Computer software]]
| products         = See [[list of Google products]].
| revenue          = {{profit}}{{US$|23.651 billion}} <small>(2009)</small><ref name="financialtables">{{cite web |url=http://investor.google.com/fin_data.html |title=Financial Tables |work=Google Investor Relations |published=Google, Inc. |accessdate=2010-02-18}}</ref><ref name="form 10-k">{{cite web |url=http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1288776/000119312510030774/d10k.htm#toc95279_8 |title=Form 10-K |author=U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission |authorlink=U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission |year=2009 |publisher=United States of America |location=Washington, D.C. |at=Part II, Item 6 |accessdate=2010-02-18}}</ref>

| operating_income = {{profit}}{{US$|8.312 billion}} <small>(2009)</small><ref name="financialtables" /><ref name="form 10-k" />
| net_income       = {{profit}}{{US$|6.520 billion}} <small>(2009)</small><ref name="financialtables" /><ref name="form 10-k" />
| assets           = {{profit}}{{US$|40.497 billion}} <small>(2009)</small><ref name="financialtables" /><ref name="form 10-k" />
| equity           = {{profit}}{{US$|36.004 billion}} <small>(2009)</small><ref name="form 10-k" />
| subsid           = [[YouTube|YouTube LLC]], [[DoubleClick]], [[GrandCentral]], [[Picnik]]
| num_employees    = 19,835 (2009)<ref name="financialtables" />
| company_slogan   = [[Don't be evil]]
| homepage         = [http://www.google.com/ Google.com]
| intl             = yes
}}

'''Google Inc.''' ({{nasdaq|GOOG}}, {{FWB|GGQ1}}) is a [[Multinational|multinational]] [[Public company|public]] [[Cloud computing|cloud computing]] and [[Internet search]] technologies [[corporation]]. Google hosts and develops [[List of Google products|a number]] of [[Internet]]-based services and products, and generates profit primarily from [[advertising]] through its [[AdWords]] program.<ref name="financialtables">{{cite web |url=http://investor.google.com/fin_data.html |title=Financial Tables |publisher=Google Investor Relations |accessdate=2008-01-31}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Online Ads Give Google Huge Gain in Profit |author=David A. Vise |url=David A. Vise |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=2005-10-21 |accessdate=2010-02-14}}</ref> The company was founded by [[Larry Page]] and [[Sergey Brin]] while the two were attending [[Stanford University]] as Ph.D. candidates. It was first incorporated as a [[privately held company]] on September 4, 1998, with its [[initial public offering]] to follow on August 19, 2004. The company's [[mission statement|stated mission]] from the outset was "to organize the world's information and make it universally accessible and useful",<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.google.com/corporate/ |title=Google Corporate Information |publisher=Google, Inc. |accessdate=2010-02-14}}</ref> and the company's unofficial slogan{{ndash}} coined by Google engineer [[Paul Buchheit]]{{ndash}} is ''[[Don't be evil]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://investor.google.com/conduct.html |title=Google Code of Conduct |date=2009-04-08 |publisher=Google, Inc. |accessdate=2010-02-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://blogoscoped.com/archive/2007-07-16-n55.html |title=Paul Buchheit on Gmail, AdSense and More |first=Philip|last=Lenssen |date=2007-07-16 |publisher=Google Blogscoped |accessdate=2010-02-14}}</ref> In 2006, the company moved to their current [[Googleplex|headquarters]] in [[Mountain View, California]].

Google runs over one million servers in [[data centers]] around the world,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pandia.com/sew/481-gartner.html |title=Pandia Search Engine News&nbsp;— Google: one million servers and counting |date=2007-07-02 |publisher=Pandia Search Engine News |accessdate=2010-02-14}}</ref> and processes over one billion search requests<ref>{{cite web |url=http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2009/12/18/google-unveils-top-political-searches-of-2009/ |title=CNN Politics&nbsp;— Political Ticker... Google unveils top political searches of 2009 |first=Eric |last=Kuhn |date=2009-12-18 |publisher=CNN |accessdate=2010-02-14}}</ref> and twenty [[petabyte]]s of user-generated data every day.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2008/11/sorting-1pb-with-mapreduce.html|title=Sorting 1PB with MapReduce|last=Czajkowski|first=Grzegorz|date=2008-11-21|work=Official Google Blog|publisher=Google, Inc.|accessdate=February 16, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.niallkennedy.com/blog/2008/01/google-mapreduce-stats.html|title=Google processes over 20 petabytes of data per day|last=Kennedy|first=Niall|date=2008-01-08|work=Niall Kennedy's Weblog|publisher=Niall Kennedy|accessdate=February 16, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://techcrunch.com/2008/01/09/google-processing-20000-terabytes-a-day-and-growing/|title=Google Processing 20,000 Terabytes A Day, And Growing|last=Schonfeld|first=Erick|date=2008-01-09|work=TechCrunch|publisher=TechCrunch|accessdate=February 16, 2010}}</ref> Google's rapid growth since its incorporation has triggered a chain of products, [[List of Google acquisitions|acquisitions]] and [[Google#Partnerships|partnerships]] beyond the company's core [[search engine]]. The company offers online [[productivity]] [[software]], such as its [[Gmail]] [[e-mail]] software, and [[social networking]] tools, including [[Orkut]] and, more recently, [[Google Buzz]]. Google's products extend to the [[Desktop environment|desktop]] as well, with applications such as the web browser [[Google Chrome]], the [[Picasa]] photo organization and editing software, and the [[Google Talk]] [[instant messaging]] application. More notably, Google created the [[Android (operating system)|Android]] [[mobile phone]] [[operating system]], used on a number of [[HTC]] phones such as the [[Nexus One]] and [[Droid Eris]]. Because of its popularity and numerous products, [[Alexa Internet|Alexa]] lists Google as the Internet's most visited website.<ref>{{cite web |title=Alexa Traffic Rank for Google (three month average) |publisher=[[Alexa Internet]] |url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/google.com |accessdate=2009-09-06}}</ref> Google is also [[Fortune Magazine]]'s fourth best place to work,<ref name="best_company">{{cite web |url=http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/bestcompanies/2010/full_list/ |title=100 Best Companies to Work For 2010 |work=Fortune Maganize |date=2010-02-08 |publisher=CNN |accessdate=2010-02-14}}</ref> and [[BrandZ]]'s most powerful brand in the world.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.millwardbrown.com/Sites/optimor/Media/Pdfs/en/BrandZ/BrandZ-2009-Report.pdf |title=Top 100 Most Powerful Brands of 2009 |year=2008 |publisher=BrandZ |page=9 |format=PDF |accessdate=2010-02-14}}</ref> However, the company has also [[Criticism of Google|faced criticism]] over issues relating to the [[privacy]] of personal information, [[copyright]], and [[censorship by Google|censorship]].

==History==
[[Image:Google1998.png|thumb|left|Google in 1998]]

[[File:Google’s First Production Server.jpg|thumb|The first iteration of Google production servers was built with inexpensive hardware and was designed to be very fault-tolerant]]

{{Main|History of Google}}
Google began in January 1996 as a research project by [[Larry Page]] and [[Sergey Brin]] when they were both [[PhD]] students at [[Stanford University]] in [[California]].<ref name="milestones">{{cite web |url=http://www.google.com/intl/en/corporate/history.html |title=Google Milestones |work=Corporate Information |publisher=Google, Inc. |accessdate=2010-02-14}}</ref> While conventional [[search engine]]s ranked results by counting how many times the search terms appeared on the page, the two theorized about a better system that analyzed the relationships between websites.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ilpubs.stanford.edu:8090/422/ |title=The PageRank Citation Ranking: Bringing Order to the Web |last1=Page |first1=Lawrence |last2=Brin |first2=Sergey |last3=Motwani |first3=Rajeev |last4=Winograd |first4=Terry |date=1999-11-11 |publisher=Stanford University |accessdate=February 15, 2010}}</ref> They called this new technology [[PageRank]], where a website's relevance was determined by the number of pages, and the importance of those pages, that linked back to the original site.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.google.com/corporate/tech.html|title=Technology Overview|work=Corporate Information|publisher=Google, Inc.|accessdate=February 15, 2010}}</ref> A small search engine called Rankdex was already exploring a similar strategy.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Li |first=Yanhong |date=2002-08-06 |title=Toward a qualitative search engine |journal=Internet Computing, IEEE |volume=2 |issue=4 |page= |pages=24-29 |publisher=IEEE Computer Society |issn=1089-7801 |doi=10.1109/4236.707687 |url=http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/search/freesrchabstract.jsp?tp=&arnumber=707687&queryText%3DToward+a+qualitative+search+engin%26openedRefinements%3D*%26searchField%3DSearch+All |accessdate=2010-02-14}}</ref> Page and Brin originally nicknamed their new search engine "BackRub", because the system checked [[backlinks]] to estimate the importance of a site.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Birth of Google |first=John |last=Battelle |newspaper=Wired Magazine |date=2005-08 |url=http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/13.08/battelle.html?tw=wn_tophead_4 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://blogs.static.mentalfloss.com/blogs/archives/22707.html |title=9 People, Places & Things That Changed Their Names |publisher=Mental Floss |accessdate=2009-12-20 }}</ref> Eventually, they changed the name to Google, originating from a misspelling of the word "[[googol]]",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://graphics.stanford.edu/~dk/google_name_origin.html|title=Origin of the name "Google"|last=Koller|first=David|date=January 2004|publisher=Stanford University|accessdate=February 15, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.stanforddaily.com/2003/02/12/from-googol-to-google/|title=From Googol to Google|last=Hanley|first=Rachael|date=2003-02-12|newspaper=The Stanford Daily|publisher=Stanford University|accessdate=February 15, 2010}}</ref>  the number one followed by one hundred zeros, which was meant to signify the amount of information the search engine was to handle. Originally, Google ran under the [[Stanford University]] website, with the domain ''google.stanford.edu''. The domain ''google.com'' was registered on September 15, 1997,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://whois.dnsstuff.com/tools/whois.ch?ip=google.com |title=WHOIS&nbsp;— google.com |accessdate=2008-08-18}}</ref> and the company was incorporated on September 4, 1998, at a friend's garage in [[Menlo Park, California]].

===Financing and initial public offering===
The first funding for Google was an August 1998 contribution of {{US$|100,000}} from [[Andy Bechtolsheim]], co-founder of [[Sun Microsystems]], given before Google was even incorporated.<ref name="Bechtolsheim">{{cite news|url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2004/04/29/MNGLD6CFND34.DTL|title=For early Googlers, key word is $$$|last=Kopytoff|first=Verne|date=2004-04-29|newspaper=San Francisco Chronicle|publisher=Hearst Communications|accessdate=February 19, 2010|location=San Francisco}}</ref> On June 7, 1999, a $25 million round of funding was announced,<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://google.com/pressrel/pressrelease1.html|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20000309205910/http://google.com/pressrel/pressrelease1.html |archivedate=2000-03-09 |title=Google Receives $25 Million in Equity Funding |date=June 7, 1999 |location=Palo Alto, Calif. |publisher=Google |accessdate=2009-02-16}}</ref> with major investors including the [[venture capital]] firms [[Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers]] and [[Sequoia Capital]].<ref name="Bechtolsheim"/>

Google's [[initial public offering]] took place five years later on August 19, 2004. The company offered 19,605,052 shares at a price of $85 per share.<ref name="IPO">{{cite news|url=http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/aug2004/tc20040819_6843_tc120.htm|title=Google: Whiz Kids or Naughty Boys?|last=Elgin|first=Ben|date=2004-08-19|newspaper=BusinessWeek|publisher=Bloomberg, L.P.|accessdate=February 19, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://investor.google.com/pdf/2004_AnnualReport.pdf|title=2004 Annual Report|date=2004|publisher=Google, Inc.|pages=29|accessdate=February 19, 2010|location=Mountain View, California}}</ref> Shares were sold in a unique online auction format using a system built by [[Morgan Stanley]] and [[Credit Suisse]], underwriters for the deal.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://money.cnn.com/2004/04/29/technology/google/|title=Google sets $2.7 billion IPO |last=La Monica|first=Paul R.|date=2004-04-30|work=CNN Money|publisher=CNN|accessdate=February 19, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.zdnet.com/2100-3513_22-135799.html|title=Want In on Google's IPO?|last=Kawamoto|first=Dawn|date=2004-04-29|work=ZDNet|publisher=CBS Interactive|accessdate=February 19, 2010}}</ref> The sale of $1.67 billion gave Google a [[market capitalization]] of more than $23 billion.<ref name="washpost">{{cite news|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A14939-2004Aug19.html|title=Google's IPO: Grate Expectations|last=Webb|first=Cynthia L.|newspaper=Washington Post|publisher=The Washington Post Company|accessdate=February 19, 2010|location=Washington, D.C.}}</ref> The vast majority of the 271 million shares remained under the control of Google, and many Google employees became instant [[paper millionaires]]. [[Yahoo!]], a competitor of Google, also benefited because it owned 8.4 million shares of Google before the IPO took place.<ref name="yahooshares">{{cite news|url=http://www.internetnews.com/bus-news/article.php/3392781|title=Yahoo and Google Settle|last=Kuchinskas|first=Susan|date=2004-08-09|work=internet.com|publisher=QuinStreet, Inc.|accessdate=February 19, 2010}}</ref>

The stock's performance after the IPO went well, with shares hitting $700 for the first time on October 31, 2007,<ref>[[Daily Telegraph]] Issue 47,409 Business Section Page B5 date, November 7, 2007</ref> primarily because of strong sales and earnings in the online advertising market.<ref name="bowlingforgoogle">La Monica, Paul R. "[http://money.cnn.com/2005/05/25/technology/techinvestor/lamonica/index.htm Bowling for Google]." ''[[CNN]].'' May 25, 2005. Retrieved on February 28, 2007.</ref> The surge in stock price was fueled mainly by individual investors, as opposed to large institutional investors and [[mutual fund]]s.<ref name="bowlingforgoogle" /> The company is now listed on the [[NASDAQ]] stock exchange under the [[ticker symbol]] '''GOOG''' and under the [[Frankfurt Stock Exchange]] under the ticker symbol '''GGQ1'''.

===Growth===
In March 1999, the company moved its offices to [[Palo Alto, California]], home to several other noted [[Silicon Valley]] technology startups.<ref name="165univave">{{cite news|url=http://news.cnet.com/2100-1040-960790.html|title=A building blessed with tech success|last=Fried|first=Ian|date=2002-10-04|newspaper=CNET News|publisher=CNET|accessdate=February 15, 2010}}</ref> The next year, against Page and Brin's initial opposition toward an advertising-funded search engine,<ref>{{cite book|last=Stross|first=Randall|title=Planet Google: One Company's Audacious Plan to Organize Everything We Know|publisher=Free Press|location=New York|date=September 2008|pages=3-4|chapter=Introduction|isbn=978-1-4165-4691-7|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=xOk3EIUW9Vg|accessdate=2010-02-14}}</ref> Google began selling [[advertising|advertisements]] associated with search [[keyword (Internet search)|keywords]].<ref name="milestones" /> In order to maintain an uncluttered page design and increase speed, advertisements were solely text-based. Keywords were sold based on a combination of price bids and clickthroughs, with bidding starting at five cents per click.<ref name="milestones" /> This model of selling keyword advertising was first pioneered by Goto.com, an [[Idealab]] spin off created by [[Bill Gross]].<ref name="goto strong">{{cite news|url=http://searchenginewatch.com/showPage.html?page=2166331|title=GoTo Going Strong|last=Sullivan|first=Danny|date=1998-07-01|newspaper=SearchEngineWatch.com|publisher=Incisive Interactive Marketing|accessdate=February 18, 2010}}</ref><ref name="cnet p4p">{{cite news|url=http://news.cnet.com/Pay-for-placement-gets-another-shot/2100-1023_3-208309.html|title=Pay-for-placement gets another shot|last=Pelline|first=Jeff|date=1998-02-19|newspaper=CNET News|publisher=CNET|accessdate=February 18, 2010}}</ref> When the company changed names to [[Overture Services]], it sued Google over alleged infringements of the company's pay-per-click and bidding patents. Overture Services would later be bought by [[Yahoo!]] and renamed [[Yahoo! Search Marketing]]. The case was then settled out of court, with Google agreeing to issue shares of common stock to Yahoo! in exchange for a perpetual license.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.cnet.com/Google,-Yahoo-bury-the-legal-hatchet/2100-1024_3-5302421.html|title=Google, Yahoo bury the legal hatchet|last=Olsen|first=Stephanie|date=2004-08-09|newspaper=CNET News|publisher=CNET|accessdate=February 18, 2010}}</ref>

During this time, Google was granted a patent describing their PageRank mechanism.<ref name="patent">{{Ref patent |country=US |number=6285999 |status=patent |title=Method for node ranking in a linked database |gdate=2001-09-04 |fdate=1998-01-09 |invent1=Page, Lawrence |assign1=The Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University |class=G06F17/30}}</ref> The patent was officially assigned to Stanford University and lists Lawrence Page as the inventor. In 2003, after outgrowing two other locations, the company leased their current office complex from [[Silicon Graphics]] at 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway in [[Mountain View, California]].<ref name="sgibldg">{{cite news|url=http://news.com.com/Googles+movin+on+up/2110-1032_3-1025111.html|title=Google's movin' on up|last=Olsen|first=Stephanie|date=2003-07-11|newspaper=CNET News|publisher=CNET|accessdate=February 15, 2010}}</ref> The complex has since come to be known as the [[Googleplex]], a play on the word [[googolplex]], the number one followed by a googol zeroes. Three years later, Google would buy the property from SGI for $319 million.<ref name="googleplexpurchase">{{cite news|url=http://sanjose.bizjournals.com/sanjose/stories/2006/06/19/newscolumn3.html|title=Google to buy headquarters building from Silicon Graphics|date=2006-06-16|newspaper=Silicon Valley / San Jose Business Journal|publisher=American City Business Journals|accessdate=February 15, 2010|location=San Jose}}</ref> By that time, the name "Google" had found its way into everyday language, causing the verb "[[google (verb)|google]]" to be added to the [[Merriam-Webster|Merriam Webster Collegiate Dictionary]] and the [[Oxford English Dictionary]], denoted as "to use the Google search engine to obtain information on the Internet."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2006/10/do-you-google.html|title=Do You "Google"?|last=Krantz|first=Michael|date=2006-10-25|work=Google Blog|publisher=Google, Inc.|accessdate=February 17, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://msnbc.msn.com/id/13720643/|title=To Google or Not to Google|last=Bylund|first=Anders|date=2006-07-05|publisher=MSNBC|accessdate=February 17, 2010|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20060707062623/http://msnbc.msn.com/id/13720643/|archivedate=2006-07-07}}</ref>

===Acquisitions and partnerships===
{{See also|List of acquisitions by Google}}
Since 2001, Google has acquired many companies, mainly focusing on small [[venture capital]] companies. In 2004, Google acquired [[Keyhole, Inc.]].<ref>"[http://www.google.com/press/pressrel/keyhole.html Google press announcement: Google acquires Keyhole, Inc.]</ref> The start-up company developed a product called Earth Viewer that gave a [[3D computer graphics|3-D]] view of the Earth. Google renamed the service to [[Google Earth]] in 2005. Two years later, Google bought the online video site [[YouTube]] for $1.65 billion in stock.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://money.cnn.com/2006/10/09/technology/googleyoutube_deal/index.htm?cnn=yes|title=Google to buy YouTube for $1.65 billion|last=La Monica|first=Paul R.|date=2006-10-09|work=CNN Money|publisher=CNN|accessdate=February 26, 2010}}</ref> On April 13, 2007, Google reached an agreement to acquire [[DoubleClick]] for $3.1 billion, giving Google valuable relationships that DoubleClick had with Web publishers and advertising agencies.<ref name="DoubleClicknyt">{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/14/technology/14DoubleClick.html?_r=1&ref=technology|title=Google Buys DoubleClick for $3.1 Billion|last=Story|first=Louise|last2=Helft|first2=Miguel|date=2007-04-17|newspaper=The New York Times|publisher=The New York Times Company|accessdate=February 26, 2010|location=New York}}</ref> Later that same year, Google purchased [[GrandCentral]] for $50 million.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2007/07/all-aboard.html|title=All aboard|last=Chan|first=Wesley|date=2007-07-02|work=Official Google Blog|publisher=Google, Inc.|accessdate=February 26, 2010}}</ref> The site would later be changed over to [[Google Voice]].  On August 5, 2009, Google bought out its first public company, purchasing video software maker On2 Technologies for $106.5 million.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.google.com/intl/en/press/pressrel/ir_20090805.html|title=Google to Acquire On2 Technologies|work=Google Press release|date=2009-08-05|accessdate=2009-08-05}}</ref> Most recently, Google acquired [[Aardvark_(search_engine)|Aardvark]], a social network search engine, for $50 million. Google commented in their internal blog, "we're looking forward to collaborating to see where we can take it".<ref>{{cite web|accessdate=February 12, 2010 |url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2010/02/google-acquires-aardvark.html |title=Google Acquires Aardvark |work=Official Google Blog |publisher=google.com |quote=we're excited to announce that we've acquired Aardvark, a unique technology company.}}</ref>

In addition to the numerous companies Google has purchased, the company has partnered with other organizations for everything from research to advertising. In 2005, Google partnered with [[NASA Ames Research Center]] to build {{convert|1000000|sqft|m2|-3}} of offices.<ref name="nasaames">{{cite web|url=http://news.cnet.com/Can-Google-beat-the-new-office-curse/2100-1030_3-5884957.html|title=Can Google beat the new-office curse?|last=Mills|first=Elinor|date=2005-09-29|work=CNET News|publisher=CBS Interactive|accessdate=February 26, 2010}}</ref> The offices would be used for research projects involving large-scale data management, [[nanotechnology]], [[distributed computing]], and the entrepreneurial space industry. Later that year, Google entered into a partnership with [[Sun Microsystems]] in October 2005 to help share and distribute each other's technologies.<ref name="googlesun">{{cite news|url=http://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/2005-10-03-google-sun-team_x.htm|title=Google, Sun make 'big deal' together|last=Kessler|first=Michelle|last2=Acohido|first2=Byron|date=2005-10-03|newspaper=USA Today|publisher=Gannett Co. Inc.|accessdate=February 26, 2010}}</ref> The company also partnered with [[AOL]] of [[Time Warner]],<ref name="googleaol">{{cite web|url=http://news.cnet.com/What-the-Google-AOL-deal-means-for-users/2100-1024_3-6010327.html|title=What the Google-AOL deal means for users|last=Mills|first=Elinor|date=2005-12-28|work=CNET News|publisher=CBS Interactive|accessdate=February 26, 2010}}</ref> to enhance each other's video search services. Google's 2005 partnerships also included financing the new [[.mobi]] [[top-level domain]] for mobile devices, along with other companies including [[Microsoft]], [[Nokia]], and [[Ericsson]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://finance.yahoo.com/news/DotMobi-Sells-Mobi-DomainName-paidcontent-2969792871.html?x=0&.v=1|title=DotMobi Sells .Mobi Domain-Name Operator|last=Lunden|first=Ingrid|date=2010-02-12|work=Yahoo! Finance|publisher=Yahoo!|accessdate=February 26, 2010}}</ref> Google would later launch "Adsense for Mobile", taking advantage of the emerging mobile advertising market.<ref name="adsense_mobile">{{cite web|url=http://www.google.com/intl/en/press/annc/20070917_mobileads.html|title=Google AdSense for Mobile unlocks the potential of the mobile advertising market|date=2007-09-17|publisher=Google, Inc.|accessdate=February 26, 2010}}</ref> Increasing their advertising reach even further, Google and Fox Interactive Media of [[News Corporation|News Corp.]] entered into a $900 million agreement to provide search and advertising on popular social networking site [[MySpace]].<ref name="googlemyspace">{{cite web|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_2006_August_7/ai_n16610613/|title=Fox Interactive Media Enters into Landmark Agreement with Google Inc.; Multi-Year Pact Calls for Google to Provide Search and Advertising across Fox Interactive Media's Growing Online Network Including the MySpace Community|date=2006-08-07|work=B Net|publisher=CBS Interactive|accessdate=February 26, 2010}}</ref>

In 2007, Google began sponsoring [[NORAD Tracks Santa]], a service started by the [[North American Aerospace Defense Command]] that "tracks" Santa as he travels the world on Christmas eve.<ref name="For more than 50 years, NORAD is Tracking Santa, Dec 14, 2007 by Glenn Letham">{{cite web |url=http://www.gisuser.com/content/view/13492/ |title=For more than 50 years, NORAD is Tracking Santa, Dec 14, 2007 by Glenn Letham |accessdate=2009-12-31 |publisher=GISUser.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Tracking Santa: NORAD & Google Team Up For Christmas, Dec 1, 2007, Danny Sullivan">{{cite web |url=http://searchengineland.com/tracking-santa-norad-google-team-up-for-christmas-12817 |title=Tracking Santa: NORAD & Google Team Up For Christmas, Dec 1, 2007, Danny Sullivan |accessdate=2009-12-31 |publisher=Search Engine Land |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Tracking Santa, Then and Now, November 30, 2007, by Carrie Farrell">{{cite web |url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2007/11/tracking-santa-then-and-now.html |title=Tracking Santa, Then and Now, November 30, 2007, by Carrie Farrell, Veteran Santa Tracker |accessdate=2009-12-31 |publisher=Google |language=en}}</ref> Though [[AOL]] had previously been the sponsor and key partner for the program, Google displaced the Time Warner company, using [[Google Earth]] to track Santa in 3-D for the first time.<ref name="Behind the scenes: NORAD's Santa tracker for Thur, Dec 21, 2009 By Daniel Terdiman, CNET">{{cite web |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-13772_3-10418101-52.html |title=Behind the scenes: NORAD's Santa tracker for Thur, Dec 21, 2009 By Daniel Terdiman, CNET |accessdate=2009-12-31 |publisher=CNET |language=en}}</ref> That first year, the [[NORAD Tracks Santa]] Web site received 10.6 plus million unique visitors from 212 countries and territories.<ref name="NORAD Tracks Santa Web site going live, November 24, 2008, Major Stacia Reddish, NORAD Public Affairs">{{cite web |url=http://www.norad.mil/News/2008/112508.html |title=NORAD Tracks Santa Web site going live, November 24, 2008, Major Stacia Reddish, NORAD Public Affairs |accessdate=2009-12-31 |publisher=NORAD |language=en}}</ref><ref name="NORAD Tracks Santa 2008 Begins - Dec 24, 2008">{{cite web |url=http://www.ibtimes.com/prnews/20081224/norad-tracks-santa-2008-begins.htm |title=NORAD Tracks Santa at International Business Times for Dec 24, 2008 |accessdate=2009-12-31 |publisher=International Business Times |language=en}}</ref> Furthermore, video sharing site [[YouTube]], now owned by Google, would give NORAD Tracks Santa its own channel as part of the partnership.<ref name="Instructions On Tracking Santa With NORAD & Google: The 2007 Edition, Dec 24, 2007, Danny Sullivan">{{cite web |url=http://searchengineland.com/instructions-on-tracking-santa-with-norad-google-the-2007-edition-13001 |title=Instructions On Tracking Santa With NORAD & Google: The 2007 Edition, Dec 24, 2007, Danny Sullivan |accessdate=2009-12-31 |publisher=Search Engine Land |language=en}}</ref> In December 2008, [[BBC News]] interviewed [[Google Earth]] and [[Google Maps]] engineering director Brian McClendon on the [[NORAD Tracks Santa]] project, who described it as project "that reaches [sic] and audience and educate them and help them use the computers in new and innovative ways."<ref>{{cite video|people=Brian McClendon|date=2010-02-10|title=December 2008 - BBC News&nbsp;— Brian McClendon&nbsp;— NORAD Tracks Santa&nbsp;— Google|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2RfBg39tyOo|medium=Television production|publisher=BBC News|location=Mountain View, California|accessdate=2010-02-25|time=0:20|quote=projects that reach and audience and educate them and help them use the computers in new and innovative ways}}</ref><ref name="BBC News&nbsp;— Hi-tech helps track Santa Claus, December 24, 2008">{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/7792256.stm |title=BBC News&nbsp;— Hi-tech helps track Santa Claus, December 24, 2008 |accessdate=2009-12-31 |publisher=BBC |language=en}}</ref> In 2008, Google developed a partnership with [[GeoEye]] to launch a satellite providing Google with high-resolution (0.41 m monochrome, 1.65 m color) imagery for [[Google Earth]]. The satellite was launched from [[Vandenberg Air Force Base]] on September 6, 2008.<ref>{{cite news|url=GeoEye launches high-resolution satellite|title=GeoEye launches high-resolution satellite|last=Shalal-Esa|first=Andrea|date=2008-09-06|publisher=Reuters|accessdate=February 26, 2010|location=Washington}}</ref> Google also announced in 2008 that it was hosting a archive of [[Life Magazine]]'s photographs as part of its latest partnership. Some of the images in the archive were never published in the magazine.<ref>{{cite news |title=Google gives online life to Life mag's photos |url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/27802744/ |quote=Google Inc. has opened an online photo gallery that will include millions of images from Life magazine's archives that have never been seen by the public before. |agency=Associated Press |date=2008-11-20 |accessdate=2010-02-25 |location=Mountain View, California}}</ref> The photos were [[watermark]]ed and originally had copyright notices posted on all photos, regardless of [[public domain]] status.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://searchengineland.com/google-to-host-10-million-time-life-unpublished-images-15513 |title=Google Hosting Time-Life Photo Archive, 10 Million Unpublished Images Now Live |publisher=[[Search Engine Land]] |author=Greg Stirling |date=November 18, 2008 |accessdate=2009-12-20 }}</ref>

==Products and services==
[[Image:Google Appliance.jpg|thumb|upright|Google appliance as shown at [[RSA Conference]] 2008]]
{{Main|List of Google products}}

===Advertising===
Ninety nine percent of Google's revenue is derived from its advertising programs.<ref>Google Annual Report, Feb. 15, 2008</ref> For the 2006 fiscal year, the company reported $10.492 billion in total advertising revenues and only $112 million in licensing and other revenues.<ref name="10-K">{{cite web|url=http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1288776/000119312507044494/d10k.htm|title=Form 10-K&nbsp;— Annual Report|accessdate=2007-07-14|publisher=SEC|work=EDGAR}}</ref> Google has implemented various innovations in the online advertising market that helped propel them to one of the biggest advertisers in the market. Using technology from the company [[DoubleClick]], Google can determine user interests and target advertisements appropriately so they are relevant to the context they are in and the user that is viewing them.<ref>{{cite news|author=Nakashima, Ellen|title=Some Web Firms Say They Track Behavior Without Explicit Consent|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/08/11/AR2008081102270_pf.html|date=August 12, 2008|publisher=The Washington Post Company|work=The Washington Post|accessdate=2008-09-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Helft, Miguel|title=Google to Offer Ads Based on Interests |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/11/technology/internet/11google.html|publisher=The New York Times|date=March 11, 2009|accessdate=2009-03-10}}</ref> [[Google Analytics]] allows website owners to track where and how people use their website, allowing for in-depth research into getting users to go where you want them to go.<ref>{{cite news|author=Bright, Peter|title=Surfing on the sly with IE8's new "InPrivate" Internet|url=http://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20080827-surfing-on-the-sly-ie8s-inprivate-internet.html|date=August 27, 2008|publisher=Ars Technica|accessdate=2008-09-01}}</ref>

Google advertisements can be placed on third-party websites in a two-part program. Google's [[AdWords]] allows advertisers to display their advertisements in Google content network, through either a cost-per-click or cost-per-view scheme.<ref>https://www.google.com/accounts/ServiceLogin?service=adwords&cd=null&hl=en-GB&ltmpl=adwords&passive=true&ifr=false&alwf=true&continue=https%3A%2F%2Fadwords.google.com%2Fselect%2Fgaiaauth%3Fapt%3DNone%26ugl%3Dtrue</ref> The sister service, Google [[AdSense]], allows website owners to display these advertisements on their website, and earn money every time ads are clicked.<ref name="AdSense">{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/adsense/login/en_US/?sourceid=aso&subid=uk-en-ha&utm_medium=ha&utm_term=adsense&gsessionid=O---pJlnnf2wFZF8qu81Lg|title=AdSense|accessdate=2009-10-11}}</ref> One of the disadvantages and criticisms of this program is Google's  inability to combat [[click fraud]], when a person or automated script "clicks" on advertisements without being interested in the product, just to earn money for the website owner. Industry reports in 2006 claim that approximately 14 to 20 percent of clicks were in fact fraudulent or invalid.<ref>Mills, Elinor. "[http://news.com.com/Google+to+offer+advertisers+click+fraud+stats/2100-1024_3-6098469.html Google to offer advertisers click fraud stats]." ''[http://www.cnet.com/ c net].'' July 25, 2006. Retrieved on July 29, 2006.</ref> In June 2008, Google reached an advertising agreement with [[Yahoo!]], which would have allowed Yahoo! to feature Google advertisements on their web pages. The alliance between the two companies was never completely realized due to [[antitrust]] concerns by the [[U.S. Department of Justice]]. As a result, Google pulled out of the deal in November, 2008.<ref>[http://www.bloggingstocks.com/2008/10/31/yahoo-and-google-may-dump-their-deal/print/ ''Bloggingstocks'' "Yahoo and Google may dump their deal." Mclntyre, Douglas. Oct. 31, 2008.]</ref><ref>[http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2008/11/ending-our-agreement-with-yahoo.html ''The Official Google Blog.'' "Ending our agreement with Yahoo!" Drummond, David. Nov. 5, 2008.]</ref>

===Search engine===
[[Image:Google Search.JPG|thumb|left|Google's Search engine in March 2010.]]
The [[Google search|Google web search engine]] is the company's most popular service. According to [[market research]] published by [[comScore]] in November 2009, Google is the dominant search engine in the US market, with a [[market share]] of 65.6%.<ref name="comscore">{{cite news|date=2006-12-16| title=comScore Releases November 2009 U.S. Search Engine Rankings|publisher=|url=http://www.comscore.com/Press_Events/Press_Releases/2009/12/comScore_Releases_November_2009_U.S._Search_Engine_Rankings}}</ref> Google indexes billions of Web pages, so that users can search for the information they desire, through the use of [[keyword (Internet search)|keywords]] and [[operators]], although at any given time it will only return a maximum of 1,000 results for any specific search query. Google has also employed the Web Search technology into other search services, including Image Search, [[Google News]], the price comparison site [[Google Product Search]], the interactive [[Usenet]] archive [[Google Groups]], [[Google Maps]], and more.

In early 2006, the company launched [[Google Video]], which allowed users to both upload videos, and search and watch videos from the larger Internet.<ref name="video2006">Tyler, Nathan. "[http://www.google.com/press/pressrel/video_marketplace.html Google to Launch Video Marketplace]." ''Google.'' January 6, 2006. Retrieved on February 23, 2007.</ref> In 2009 uploads to Google video were discontinued.<ref>{{cite web|last=Cohen |first=Michael |url=http://googlevideo.blogspot.com/2009/01/turning-down-uploads-at-google-video.html |title=Official Google Video Blog: Turning Down Uploads at Google Video |publisher=Googlevideo.blogspot.com |date=2009-01-14 |accessdate=2010-01-02}}</ref>

Google has also developed several desktop applications, including [[Google Desktop]], [[Picasa]], [[SketchUp]] and [[Google Earth]], an interactive mapping program powered by satellite and aerial imagery that covers the vast majority of the planet. Many major cities have such detailed images that one can zoom in close enough to see vehicles and pedestrians clearly. Consequently, there have been some concerns about national security implications; contention is that the software can be used to pinpoint with near-precision accuracy the physical location of critical infrastructure, commercial and residential buildings, bases, government agencies, and so on. However, the satellite images are not necessarily frequently updated, and all of them are available at no charge through other products and even government sources; the software simply makes accessing the information easier. A number of Indian state governments have raised concerns about the security risks posed by geographic details provided by Google Earth's satellite imaging.<ref name="satimgs">Sharma, Dinesh C. "[http://news.com.com/Indian+president+rails+against+Google+Earth/2100-1028_3-5896888.html?part=rss&tag=5896888&subj=news Indian president warns against Google Earth]." ''[http://www.cnet.com/ c net].'' October 17, 2005. Retrieved on July 23, 2006.</ref>

Google has promoted their products in various ways. In London, ''Google Space'' was set-up in [[Heathrow Airport]], showcasing several products, including Gmail, Google Earth and Picasa.<ref name="googlespace">"[http://www.google.co.uk/googlespace/ Googlespace Website]." ''Google.'' Retrieved on February 26, 2007.</ref><ref name="heathrow">Donoghue, Andrew. "[http://news.zdnet.co.uk/internet/0,1000000097,39237536,00.htm Google turns Heathrow into testing lab]." ''[[ZDNet]].'' November 24, 2005. Retrieved on February 25, 2007.</ref> Also, a similar page was launched for American college students, under the name ''College Life, Powered by Google.''<ref name="collegelife">"[http://services.google.com/university/ College Life, Powered by Google Website]." Retrieved on February 25, 2007.</ref>

In 2007, some reports surfaced that Google was planning the release of its own mobile phone, possibly a competitor to [[Apple Inc.|Apple]]'s [[iPhone]].<ref name="orlowski">Orlowski, Andrew. "[http://www.theregister.co.uk/2007/03/16/google_phone_confirmed/ Google Phone - it's for real]." ''[[The Register]].'' March 16, 2007. Retrieved on April 1, 2007.</ref><ref name="smith">Smith, David. "[http://observer.guardian.co.uk/world/story/0,,1973885,00.html The future for Orange could soon be Google in your pocket]." ''[[The Guardian]].'' December 17, 2006. Retrieved on April 1, 2007.</ref><ref name="ricker">Ricker, Thomas. "[http://www.engadget.com/2007/01/18/the-google-switch-an-iphone-killer/ The Google Switch: an iPhone killer?]." ''[[Engadget]].'' January 18, 2007. Retrieved on April 1, 2007.</ref> The project, called [[Android (mobile phone platform)|Android]], turned out not to be a phone, but an [[operating system]]. It provides a standard development kit that will allow any "Android" phone to run software developed for the Android SDK, no matter the phone manufacturer. In September 2008, [[T-Mobile]] released the first phone running the Android platform, the [[T-Mobile G1|G1]].

[[Google Translate]] aka Google Language Tools is a server-side [[machine translation]] service, which can translate 35 different languages to each other, forming 595 language pairs. Browser extension tools (such as [[List of Firefox extensions#Google|Firefox extensions]]) allow for easy access to Google Translate from the browser. The software uses [[corpus linguistics]] techniques from translated documents, (such as [[United Nations]] documents,{{Citation needed|date=April 2009}} which are professionally translated) to extract translations accurate up to 88 percent. A "suggest a better translation" feature appears with the original language text in a pop-up text field, allowing users to indicate where the current translation is incorrect or else inferior to another translation.

On September 1, 2008, Google pre-announced the upcoming availability of [[Google Chrome]], an [[open source software|open-source]] [[web browser]],<ref>[http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2008/09/fresh-take-on-browser.html Google Blog - A fresh take on the browser]</ref> which was released on September 2, 2008.

On May 27, 2009, Google announced plans to develop [[Google Wave]], a product that helps users communicate and collaborate on the web. A "wave" is equal parts conversation and document, where users can almost instantly communicate and work together with richly formatted text, photos, videos, maps, and much more. [[Google Wave]] is currently still in what the company calls "preview mode," in which a potential user must request access from Google to be given a Wave account.

On 7 July 2009, Google announced the project to develop [[Google Chrome OS]], an [[open source software|open-source]] [[Linux|Linux-based]] [[Operating System|operating system]] in a "window of opportunity".<ref>[http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2009/07/introducing-google-chrome-os.html Google Blog - Introducing the Google Chrome OS]</ref><ref>, [http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-google9-2009jul09,0,1825716.story Google sees window of opportunity to launch operating system], ''Los Angeles Times'', July 9, 2009</ref>

====Books====
{{Main|Google Books}}
Google indexes a number of books and reached a revised settlement in 2009 to limit its scans to books from the U.S., the U.K., Australia and Canada.<ref>{{cite news|author=Pettersson, Edvard|title=Google Wins Preliminary Approval of Online Books Settlement|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=ahUxORgasDFs|publisher=Bloomberg|date=November 20, 2009|accessdate=2009-12-18}}</ref> The Paris Civil Court ruled against Google in late 2009, asking them to remove the works of La Martinière ([[Éditions du Seuil]]) from their database.<ref name=Smith>{{cite news|author=Smith, Heather|title=Google’s French Book Scanning Project Halted by Court |url=http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087&sid=apZ3UG9CPLo8|publisher=Bloomberg|date=December 18, 2009|accessdate=2009-12-18}}</ref> In competition with [[Amazon.com]], Google plans to sell digital versions of new books.<ref>{{cite news |author=Rich, Motoko| title=Preparing to Sell E-Books, Google Takes on Amazon |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/01/technology/internet/01google.html|date=May 31, 2009| |publisher=The New York Times |accessdate=2009-12-18 }}</ref>

===Productivity tools===
{{Main|Gmail}}
Gmail, known in the United Kingdom and Germany as Google Mail, is a free webmail, [[POP3]] and [[IMAP]] service provided by Google. It was launched as an invitation-only beta release on April 1, 2004, and became available to the general public as a beta product on February 7, 2007.  The service was upgraded from beta status on July 7, 2009, along with the rest of the Google Apps suite, at which time it had 146 million users monthly.{{Citation needed|date=February 2010}}.  With an initial storage capacity offer of 1 GB per user, Gmail significantly increased the webmail standard for free storage from the 2 to 4MB its competitors offered at that time. The service currently offers over 7400 MB of free storage with additional storage ranging from 20 GB to 16 TB available for $5 to $4,056 (US) per year.

Gmail has a search-oriented interface and a "conversation view" similar to an Internet forum.  Software developers know Gmail for its pioneering use of the Ajax programming technique.

Gmail runs on Google Servlet Engine and Google GFE/1.3 which runs on Linux.

===Enterprise products===
Google entered the enterprise market in February 2002 with the launch of its [[Google Search Appliance]], targeted toward providing search technology to larger organizations.<ref>[http://www.google.com/corporate/history.html Google - Corporate Information]</ref> Providing search for a smaller document repository, Google launched the [[Google Mini|Mini]] in 2005.

Late in 2006, Google began to sell [[Custom Search Business Edition]], providing customers with an advertising-free window into [[Google Search|Google.com]]'s index.<ref name="csbe2gss">[http://searchengineland.com/080603-095027.php Search Engine Land - Google Rebrands Custom Search "Business Edition" as "Google Site Search"]</ref> In 2008, Google re-branded its next version of Custom Search Business Edition as Google Site Search.<ref name="csbe2gss" />

In 2007, Google launched [[Google Apps|Google Apps Premier Edition]], a version of Google Apps targeted primarily at the business user. It includes such extras as more disk space for e-mail, API access, and premium support, for a price of $50 per user per year. A large implementation of Google Apps with 38,000 users is at [[Lakehead University]] in [[Thunder Bay]], Ontario, Canada.<ref name="rickwood">Rickwood, Lee. "[http://www.pcworld.ca:80/news/column/8088b6470a01040800f483b40707b39a/pg1.htm Google Apps: Killer software or killer decision?]." ''[http://www.pcworld.ca/ PCWorld.ca].'' March 23, 2007. Retrieved on March 25, 2007.</ref>

Also in 2007, Google acquired [[Postini]]<ref>[http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2007/09/weve-officially-acquired-postini.html The Official Google Blog - We've Officially Acquired Postini]</ref> and continued to sell the acquired technology<ref>[http://www.google.com/intl/en/press/pressrel/apps_postini_20071003.html Google Press Center - Google Adds Postini's Security and Compliance Capabilities to Google Apps]</ref> as [[Google Security Services]].<ref>[http://www.google.com/a/help/intl/en/security/index.html Google - Google Security Services]</ref>

==Platform==
{{Main|Google platform}}
Google runs its services on several [[server farm]]s, each comprising thousands of low-cost commodity computers running stripped-down versions of [[Linux]]. While the company divulges no details of its hardware, a 2006 estimate cites 450,000 servers, ''"racked up in clusters at data centers around the world."''<ref name="howgoogleworks">Carr, David F. "[http://www.baselinemag.com/c/a/Projects-Networks-and-Storage/How-Google-Works-%5B1%5D/ How Google Works]." ''[http://www.baselinemag.com/ Baseline Magazine].'' July 6, 2006. Retrieved on February 7, 2008.</ref> The company has about 24 server farms around the world of various configurations. The farm in [[The Dalles, Oregon]] is powered by hydroelectricity at about 50 megawatts.<ref>{{cite news |first= |last= |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=Google’s Green Agenda Could Pay Off |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/28/technology/internet/28google.html?pagewanted=2&_r=1&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss |quote=Still, a picture of the scale of its data center operations has emerged through various reports. The company is believed to have about two dozen data centers around the world of various sizes. Some, like the one it built in The Dalles, Ore., which is largely powered by hydroelectricity, are among the largest in the industry. Two people familiar with that facility, who spoke on the condition of anonymity, said that it was operating at about 50 megawatts—enough to power 37,500 homes—but was built to handle even more capacity. |work=[[New York Times]] |date=October 27, 2008 |accessdate=2008-10-30 }}</ref>

==Corporate affairs and culture==
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Googler2-non.jpg|thumb|A [[Vehicle registration plate|license plate]] seen in the Googleplex parking lot.|{{ifdc|1=Image:Googler2-non.jpg|log=2008 29 April}}]] -->
[[Image:Schmidt-Brin-Page-20080520.jpg|thumb|left|Left to right, [[Eric E. Schmidt]], [[Sergey Brin]] and [[Larry Page]]]]
Google is known for its informal corporate culture, of which its playful variations on [[Google logo#History of the Google Doodle|its own corporate logo]] are an indicator. In 2007 and 2008, ''[[Fortune Magazine]]'' placed Google at the top of its list of the hundred best places to work.<ref name="best_company">"[http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/bestcompanies/2007/full_list/ 100 Best Companies to Work For 2007]." ''[[Fortune Magazine]] (link published by [[CNN]]).'' January 22, 2007. Retrieved on January 8, 2007.</ref> Google's corporate philosophy embodies such casual principles as "you can make money without doing evil," "you can be serious without a suit," and "work should be challenging and the challenge should be fun."<ref>"[http://www.google.com/corporate/tenthings.html Google Corporate Philosophy]." ''Google''. Retrieved on August 31, 2006.</ref>

Google has been criticized for having salaries below industry standards.<ref>"[http://www.mydanwei.com/query_salary.php?t_salary=google&type=salary&order_by=DATE_DESC Google Employee Salaries Data Survey]&nbsp;—Retrieved from mydanwei.com</ref> For example, some [[system administrator]]s earn no more than $35,000 per year&nbsp;– considered to be quite low for the [[San Francisco Bay Area|Bay Area]] job market.<ref name="salaries">Penenberg, Adam L. "[http://www.wired.com/culture/lifestyle/news/2005/04/67287 Why Google Is Like Wal-Mart]." ''[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]].'' April 21, 2005. Retrieved on February 25, 2007.</ref> However, Google's stock performance following its [[Initial public offering|IPO]] has enabled many early employees to be competitively compensated by participation in the corporation's remarkable equity growth.<ref name="shinalj">Shinal, John. "[http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2004/08/22/BUGCL8BS201.DTL Google IPO achieved its major goal: It's all about raising cash for the company and rewarding employees, early investors]." ''[[San Francisco Chronicle]].'' August 22, 2004. Retrieved on February 25, 2007.</ref>

After the company's [[IPO]] in August 2004, it was reported that founders [[Sergey Brin]] and [[Larry Page]], and CEO [[Eric E. Schmidt|Eric Schmidt]], requested that their base salary be cut to $1.<ref name="topsalaries">La Monica, Paul R. "[http://money.cnn.com/2006/03/31/technology/google/index.htm Google leaders stick with $1 salary]." ''[[CNN]].'' March 31, 2006. Retrieved on February 28, 2007.</ref> Subsequent offers by the company to increase their salaries have been turned down, primarily because, "their primary compensation continues to come from returns on their ownership stakes in Google. As significant stockholders, their personal wealth is tied directly to sustained stock price appreciation and performance, which provides direct alignment with stockholder interests."<ref name="topsalaries" /> Prior to 2004, Schmidt was making $250,000 per year, and Page and Brin each earned a salary of $150,000.{{Dubious|date=May 2009}}<!--this is salary only, you have to count in stock options--><ref name="topsalaries" />

They have all declined recent offers of bonuses and increases in compensation by Google's board of directors. In a 2007 report of the United States' richest people, [[Forbes]] reported that [[Sergey Brin]] and [[Larry Page]] were tied for #5 with a net worth of $18.5 billion each.<ref>"[http://www.forbes.com/lists/2007/54/richlist07_The-400-Richest-Americans_FinalWorth.html The 400 Richest Americans]." ''[[Forbes]].'' September 20, 2007. Retrieved on September 22, 2007.</ref>

In 2007 and through early 2008, Google has seen the departure of several top executives. Gideon Yu, former chief financial officer of [[YouTube]], a Google unit, joined [[Facebook]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://venturebeat.com/2008/03/04/facebook-hires-sheryl-sandberg-to-be-its-new-coo/|title="Another Googler goes to Facebook: Sheryl Sandburg becomes new COO"|publisher=Venture Beat|date=2008-03-04|accessdate=2008-03-31}}</ref> along with Benjamin Ling, a high-ranking engineer, who left in October 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://money.cnn.com/2008/03/04/news/newsmakers/moritz_google_exec.fortune/|title="Top Google exec jumps to Facebook"|publisher=Fortune|date=2008-03-04|accessdate=2008-03-31}}</ref> In March 2008, two senior Google leaders announced their desire to pursue other opportunities. Sheryl Sandburg, ex-VP of global online sales and operations began her position as COO of [[Facebook]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/03/04/AR2008030402766.html|title="Facebook Raids Google for Executive"|publisher=Washington Post|date=2008-03-05|accessdate=2008-03-31}}</ref> while Ash ElDifrawi, former head of brand advertising, left to become CMO of [[Netshops]] Inc.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/|title="Netshops Inc. Appoints Ash ElDifrawi as Company's First Chief Marketing Officer"|publisher=PR Newswire|date=2008-03-26|accessdate=2008-03-31}}</ref>

Google's persistent [[HTTP cookie|cookie]] and other information collection practices have led to concerns over user [[Google and privacy issues|privacy]]. As of December 11, 2007, Google, like the [[Microsoft]] search engine, stores "personal information for 18 months" and by comparison, [[AOL]] ([[Time Warner]]) "retain[s] search requests for 13 months",<ref>{{cite news|author=Liedtke, Michael|title=Ask.com will purge search info in hours|url=http://www.journalgazette.net/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20071211/BIZ/712110335|work=Journal Gazette|publisher=Fort Wayne Newspapers|date=December 11, 2007|accessdate=2007-12-11}}</ref> and [[Yahoo!]] 90 days.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2008/dec/18/business/fi-yahoo18 |title=Yahoo to purge user data after 90 days&nbsp;— Los Angeles Times |publisher=Articles.latimes.com |date=2008-12-18 |accessdate=2010-01-02}}</ref>

U.S. District Court Judge [[Louis Stanton]], on July 1, 2008 ordered Google to give [[YouTube]] user data / log to [[Viacom]] to support its case in a billion-dollar [[copyright]] lawsuit against Google.<ref>[http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5gvFPgT3MNrzaN7r-Y37eFI-qv4bA Afp.google.com, Judge orders Google to give YouTube user data to Viacom]</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/7488009.stm |title=Google must divulge YouTube log |publisher=BBC News |date=July 3, 2008 |accessdate=2009-12-20 }}</ref> Google and Viacom, however, on July 14, 2008, agreed in compromise to protect YouTube users' personal data in the $1 billion copyright lawsuit. Google agreed it will make user information and Internet protocol addresses from its YouTube subsidiary anonymous before handing over the data to Viacom. The privacy deal also applied to other litigants including the [[FA Premier League]], the Rodgers & Hammerstein Organisation and the [[Scottish Premier League]].<ref>[http://www.reuters.com/article/newsOne/idUSSP21085220080715 reuters.com, Lawyers in YouTube lawsuit reach user privacy deal]</ref><ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2008/jul/15/googlethemedia.digitalmedia?gusrc=rss&feed=networkfront guardian.co.uk/media, Google and Viacom reach deal over YouTube user data]</ref> The deal however did not extend the anonymity to employees, since Viacom would prove that Google staff are aware of uploading of illegal material to the site. The parties therefore will further meet on the matter lest the data be made available to the court.<ref>[http://www.brandrepublic.com/News/831528/Viacom-backs-down-YouTube-lawsuit/ brandrepublic.com, Viacom backs down over YouTube lawsuit]</ref>

===Googleplex===
[[Image:Googleplexsouthsidesecondangle.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Googleplex]]]]
{{Main|Googleplex}}
Google's headquarters in Mountain View, California, is referred to as "the [[Googleplex]]" in a play of words; a [[googolplex]] being 10<sup>10<sup>100</sup></sup>, or a one followed by a [[googol]] of zeros, and the HQ being a complex of buildings (cf. [[movie theater|multiplex]], cineplex, etc). The lobby is decorated with a piano, [[lava lamps]], old server clusters, and a projection of search queries on the wall. The hallways are full of exercise balls and bicycles. Each employee has access to the corporate recreation center. Recreational amenities are scattered throughout the campus and include a workout room with weights and rowing machines, locker rooms, washers and dryers, a massage room, assorted video games, [[foosball]], a baby grand piano, a [[billiard table|pool table]], and ping pong. In addition to the rec room, there are snack rooms stocked with various foods and drinks.<ref>"[http://www.google.com/corporate/culture.html About the Googleplex]." ''Google''. Retrieved on March 5, 2008.</ref>
[[Image:Googleplex Welcome Sign.jpg|thumb|left|Sign at the Googleplex]]

In 2006, Google moved into {{convert|311000|sqft|m2|-2}} of office space in New York City, at 111 [[Eighth Avenue|Eighth Ave.]] in Manhattan.<ref name="manhattan">Reardon, Marguerite. "[http://news.com.com/2100-1024_3-6121970.html Google takes a bigger bite of Big Apple]." ''[http://www.cnet.com/ c net].'' October 2, 2006. Retrieved on October 9, 2006.</ref> The office was specially designed and built for Google and houses its largest advertising sales team, which has been instrumental in securing large partnerships, most recently deals with [[MySpace]] and [[AOL]].<ref name="manhattan" /> In 2003, they added an engineering staff in New York City, which has been responsible for more than 100 engineering projects, including [[Google Maps]], [[Google Spreadsheet]]s, and others.<ref name="manhattan" /> It is estimated that the building costs Google $10 million per year to rent and is similar in design and functionality to its [[Mountain View, California|Mountain View]] headquarters, including [[foosball]], [[air hockey]], and ping-pong tables, as well as a video game area.<ref name="manhattan" /> In November 2006, Google opened offices on [[Carnegie Mellon]]'s campus in [[Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania|Pittsburgh]].<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.thepittsburghchannel.com/technology/10346550/detail.html | title = Google Completes Pittsburgh Office, Holds Open House | date = November 17, 2006 | accessdate = 2008-01-13 | work = [[WTAE]] ThePittsburghChannel }}</ref> By late 2006, Google also established a new headquarters for its AdWords division in [[Ann Arbor, Michigan]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.informationweek.com/news/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=202600809| title=Inside Google's Michigan Office| date=October 24, 2007| publisher=[[InformationWeek]]}}</ref>

Google is taking steps to ensure that their operations are environmentally sound. In October 2006, the company announced plans to install thousands of [[Photovoltaic module|solar panels]] to provide up to 1.6&nbsp;[[megawatt]]s of electricity, enough to satisfy approximately 30% of the campus' energy needs.<ref name="solar">Richmond, Riva. "[http://www.marketwatch.com/News/Story/Story.aspx?dist=newsfinder&siteid=mktw&guid=%7B630082C7-5370-46C2-8041-FC3FCA28CA16%7D Google plans to build huge solar energy system for headquarters]." ''[http://www.marketwatch.com/ MarketWatch].'' October 17, 2006. Retrieved on October 17, 2006.</ref> The system will be the largest solar power system constructed on a U.S. corporate campus and one of the largest on any corporate site in the world.<ref name="solar" /> Google has faced accusations in [[Harper's Magazine]]<ref>Strand, Ginger. "[http://www.harpers.org/media/slideshow/annot/2008-03/index.html Keyword: Evil]." Retrieved on 2008-04-09.</ref> of being extremely excessive with their energy usage, and were accused of employing their "[[Don't be evil]]" motto as well as their very public energy saving campaigns as means of trying to cover up or make up for the massive amounts of energy their servers actually require.

In 2009 Google announced it was deploying herds of goats to keep grassland around the Googleplex short, helping to prevent the threat from seasonal bush fires while also reducing the carbon footprint of mowing the extensive grounds.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2009/05/mowing-with-goats.html | title=Official Google Blog: Mowing with goats| date=May 1, 2009| publisher=Google}}</ref><ref>http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/05/04/AR2009050400027.html</ref>

===Innovation Time Off===
As a motivation technique (usually called Innovation Time Off), all Google engineers are encouraged to spend 20% of their work time (one day per week) on projects that interest them. Some of Google's newer services, such as [[Gmail]], [[Google News]], [[Orkut]], and [[AdSense]] originated from these independent endeavors.<ref>"[http://www.google.com/support/jobs/bin/static.py?page=about.html What's it like to work in Engineering, Operations, & IT?]." ''Google.'' Retrieved on August 2, 2006.</ref> In a talk at [[Stanford University]], [[Marissa Mayer]], Google's Vice President of Search Products and User Experience, stated that her analysis showed that 50% of the new product launches originated from the 20% time.<ref>Mayer, Marissa. "[http://stanford-online.stanford.edu/courses/msande472/060517-msande472-300.asx MS&E 472 Course: Entrepreneurial Thought Leaders Seminar Series]." (video link; an [http://www.stanford.edu/group/edcorner/uploads/podcast/mayer060517.mp3 audio podcast] is also available in [[MP3]] format). ''[http://etl.stanford.edu/ ETL Seminar Series]/[[Stanford University]].'' May 17, 2006. Retrieved on August 2, 2006.</ref>

===Easter eggs and April Fool's Day jokes===
{{Main|Google's hoaxes}}
Google has a tradition of creating [[April Fool's Day]] jokes—such as [[Google's hoaxes#2000|Google MentalPlex]], which allegedly featured the use of mental power to search the web.<ref name="mentalplex">"[http://www.google.com/mentalplex/ Google MentalPlex]." ''Google.'' April 1, 2000. Retrieved on February 22, 2007.</ref> In 2002, they claimed that pigeons were the [[Google's hoaxes#2002: Pigeon Rank|secret]] behind their growing search engine.<ref name="pigeonrank">"[http://www.google.com/technology/pigeonrank.html The technology behind Google's great results]." ''Google.'' April 1, 2002. Retrieved on February 22, 2007.</ref> In 2004, they featured [[Google's hoaxes#2004: Google Lunar/Copernicus Center|Google Lunar]] (which claimed to feature jobs on the moon),<ref name="copernicus">"[http://www.google.com/jobs/lunar_job.html Google Copernicus Center is hiring]." ''Google.'' April 1, 2004. Retrieved on February 22, 2007.</ref> and in 2005, a fictitious brain-boosting drink, termed [[Google's hoaxes#2005: Google Gulp|Google Gulp]] was announced.<ref name="gulp">"[http://www.google.com/googlegulp/ Quench your thirst for knowledge]." ''Google.'' April 1, 2005. Retrieved on February 22, 2007.</ref> In 2006, they came up with [[Google's hoaxes#2006: Google Romance|Google Romance]], a hypothetical [[online dating]] service.<ref name="romance">Fox, Lynn. "[http://www.google.com/romance/press.html Google to Organize World's Courtship Information with Google Romance]." ''Google.'' April 1, 2006. Retrieved on February 22, 2007.</ref> In 2007, Google announced two joke products. The first was a free wireless Internet service called [[TiSP]] (Toilet Internet Service Provider)<ref name="TiSP">"[http://www.google.com/tisp/ Welcome to Google TiSP]." ''Google.'' April 1, 2007. Retrieved on April 1, 2007.</ref> in which one obtained a connection by flushing one end of a [[fiber-optic]] cable down their toilet and waiting only an hour for a "Plumbing Hardware Dispatcher (PHD)" to connect it to the Internet.<ref name="TiSP"/> Additionally, Google's [[Gmail]] page displayed an announcement for [[Gmail Paper]], which allows users of their free email service to have email messages printed and shipped to a snail mail address.<ref name="gmail_paper">"[http://mail.google.com/mail/help/paper/more.html Gmail Paper]." ''Google.'' April 1, 2007. Retrieved on April 1, 2007.</ref>

Google's services contain a number of [[Easter egg (virtual)|Easter eggs]]; for instance, the Language Tools page offers the search interface in the [[Swedish Chef]]'s "Bork bork bork," [[Pig Latin]], "Hacker" (actually [[leetspeak]]), [[Elmer Fudd]], and [[Klingon language|Klingon]].<ref>"[http://www.google.com/language_tools?hl=en Language Tools]." ''Google.'' Retrieved on January 24, 2007.</ref> <!--When asked how to get from a location in the U.S. to a location in Europe (or vice versa), Google Maps will provide directions that include an instruction to "Swim across the Atlantic Ocean."<ref name="atlantic">"[http://maps.google.com/maps?f=d&hl=en&saddr=North+America&daddr=Germany Google Maps]." ''Google.'' Retrieved on May 2, 2007.</ref>--> In addition, the search engine calculator provides the [[Answer to the Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe, and Everything]] from [[Douglas Adams]]' ''[[The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy]]''.<ref>"[http://www.google.com/search?q=answer+to+life+the+universe+and+everything Google Search Results for 'answer to life the universe and everything']." ''Google.'' Retrieved on January 24, 2007.</ref> As Google’s search box can be used as a unit converter (as well as a calculator), some non-standard units are built in, such as the [[Smoot]]. A newly discovered easter egg is the spell-checker's result for the properly spelled word "recursion". The spell-checker built into Google search returns "Did you mean: recursion?" in a recursive link back to the same page.<ref>[http://www.google.com/search?q=recursion Google results for "recursion"]</ref> In Google Maps, searching for directions between places, such as Los Angeles and Tokyo results in one direction being "kayak across the Pacific Ocean."  Google also routinely modifies its logo in accordance with various holidays or special events throughout the year, such as Christmas, Mother's Day, or the birthdays of various notable individuals.<ref name="google_holiday">"[http://www.google.com/intl/en/holidaylogos.html Holiday logos]." ''Google''. Retrieved on May 21, 2007.</ref> Other logo switches are based on search terms. For instance, if the term "[[ASCII art|ascii art]]" (all lower-case required) <!-- Experimentation with Google search box December 21, 2009.  Citation link worked, directions didn't.  Case seems to be the key. --> is searched, an ASCII art version of the Google logo will appear next to the search box.<ref>[http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=ascii+art&btnG=Search&aq=f&oq=&aqi= Google search results for "ascii art"]</ref>

===IPO and culture===
Many people speculated that Google's [[initial public offering|IPO]] would inevitably lead to changes in the company's culture,<ref>[[Associated Press]]. "[http://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2004/04/63241 Quirky Google Culture Endangered?]" ''[[Wired Magazine]].'' April 28, 2004.</ref> because of shareholder pressure for employee benefit reductions and short-term advances, or because a large number of the company's employees would suddenly become millionaires on paper. In a report given to potential investors, co-founders Sergey Brin and Larry Page promised that the IPO would not change the company's culture.<ref>Baertlein, Lisa. "[http://www.ciol.com/content/news/2004/104043001.asp Google IPO at $2.7 billion]." ''CIOL IT Unlimited.'' April 30, 2004.</ref> Later Mr. Page said, "We think a lot about how to maintain our culture and the fun elements. We spent a lot of time getting our offices right. We think it's important to have a high density of people. People are packed together everywhere. We all share offices. We like this set of buildings because it's more like a densely packed university campus than a typical suburban office park."<ref name="davidvise">Vise, David A. "[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A6742-2004Aug16.html Tactics of 'Google Guys' Test IPO Law's Limits]." ''[[Washington Post]].'' August 17, 2004. Retrieved on February 23, 2007.</ref>

However, in 2005, articles in ''[[The New York Times]]'' and other sources began suggesting that Google had lost its anti-corporate, no evil philosophy.<ref>Rivlin, Gary. "[http://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/24/technology/24valley.html Relax, Bill Gates; It's Google's Turn as the Villain]." ''[[New York Times]].'' August 24, 2005.</ref><ref>Gibson, Owen; Wray, Richard. "[http://www.smh.com.au/news/technology/search-giant-may-outgrow-its-fans/2005/08/25/1124562975596.html3001.asp Search giant may outgrow its fans]." ''[[The Sydney Morning Herald]].'' August 25, 2005.</ref><ref>Ranka, Mohit. "[http://www.osnews.com/story.php/17928/Google--Dont-Be-Evil Google - Don't Be Evil]."''[[OSNews]].'' May 17, 2007.</ref>
In an effort to maintain the company's unique culture, Google has designated a Chief Culture Officer in 2006, who also serves as the Director of Human Resources. The purpose of the Chief Culture Officer is to develop and maintain the culture and work on ways to keep true to the core values that the company was founded on in the beginning—a flat organization with a collaborative environment.<ref name="CCO">Mills, Elinor. "[http://www.zdnet.com.au/insight/software/soa/Meet-Google-s-culture-czar/0,139023769,339275147,00.htm Meet Google's culture czar]." ''[[ZDNet]].'' April 30, 2007. Retrieved on April 30, 2007.</ref>

Google has faced allegations of [[sexism]] and [[ageism]] from former employees.<ref>Kawamoto, Dawn. "[http://news.com.com/Google+hit+with+job+discrimination+lawsuit/2100-1030_3-5807158.html?tag=nl Google hit with job discrimination lawsuit]." ''[http://www.news.com/ c|net news.com].'' July 27, 2005.</ref><ref>Staff Writer. "[http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20071006/google_old_071006/20071006 Google accused of ageism in reinstated lawsuit]." ''[[CTV Television Network|CTV]].'' October 6, 2007. Retrieved on April 5, 2008.</ref>

===Philanthropy===
{{Main|Google.org}}
In 2004, Google formed a not for-profit philanthropic wing, [[Google.org]], with a start-up fund of $1 billion.<ref name="philanthropy">"[http://www.google.org/about.html About the Foundation]." ''[[Google.org]].'' Retrieved on October 11, 2007.</ref> The express mission of the organization is to create awareness about [[climate change]], global public health, and [[global poverty]]. One of its first projects is to develop a viable [[plug-in hybrid]] [[electric vehicle]] that can attain 100 mpg. The founder is Dr [[Larry Brilliant]]<ref>Hafner, Katie. "[http://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/14/technology/14google.html Philanthropy Google’s Way: Not the Usual]." ''[[The New York Times]].'' September 14, 2006. Retrieved on October 11, 2007.</ref> and the current director is Megan Smith.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/24/technology/companies/24google.html?_r=1&ref=business Google Chief for Charity Steps Down on Revamp ]</ref>

In 2008 Google announced its "project 10^100" which accepted ideas for how to help the community and then will allow Google users to vote on their favorites.<ref>[http://www.project10tothe100.com Project 10 to the 100th]</ref>

===Network neutrality===
Google is a noted supporter of [[network neutrality]]. According to Google's ''Guide to Net Neutrality'':
<blockquote>
Network neutrality is the principle that Internet users should be in control of what content they view and what applications they use on the Internet. The Internet has operated according to this neutrality principle since its earliest days... Fundamentally, net neutrality is about equal access to the Internet. In our view, the broadband carriers should not be permitted to use their market power to discriminate against competing applications or content. Just as telephone companies are not permitted to tell consumers who they can call or what they can say, broadband carriers should not be allowed to use their market power to control activity online. <ref>{{cite web |url=http://googlepublicpolicy.blogspot.com/search/label/Net%20Neutrality |publisher=Google Public Policy Blog |title=Time to let the process unfold |date=October 22, 2009 |author=Richard Whitt |accessdate=2009-12-20 }}</ref>
</blockquote>
On February 7, 2006, [[Vinton Cerf]], a co-inventor of the [[Internet Protocol]] (IP), and current Vice President and "Chief Internet Evangelist" at Google, in testimony before Congress, said, "allowing broadband carriers to control what people see and do online would fundamentally undermine the principles that have made the Internet such a success."<ref>{{cite web|author=Cerf, Vinton|authorlink=Vinton Cerf|title=The Testimony of Mr. Vinton Cerf, Vice President and Chief Internet Evangelist, Google|url=http://commerce.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Hearings.Testimony&Hearing_ID=dc5f850f-8c38-4501-9f05-478dcafe63c0&Witness_ID=b9a1d672-ad72-4da8-a7e2-e10b0870935c|accessdate=2008-05-04|format=PDF|page=8|date=2006-02-07}}</ref>

==See also==
{{portalbox
| name1 = San Francisco Bay Area
| image1 = SF From Marin Highlands3.jpg
| name2 = Companies
| image2 = factory 1b.svg
}}
* [[Censorship by Google]]
* [[Criticism of Google]]
* [[Google China]]&nbsp;– Chinese subsidiary
* [[Google economy]]
* [[Google File System]]&nbsp;– internal distributed file system
* [[Google logo]]
* [[Google Ventures]]&nbsp;– [[venture capital]] fund
* [[Googlebot]]&nbsp;– web crawler
* [[Search engine]]
* [[TrustRank]]
* [[List of Google products]]
* [[Google Variations]]

==References==
<!-- This article uses [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]]. Please use this format in the article text when inserting references. Any external link inserted directly into this section will be swiftly deleted. -->
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book|title=The Search: How Google and Its Rivals Rewrote the Rules of Business and Transformed Our Culture|author=[[John Battelle]]|publisher=Portfolio Hardcover|date=2005-09-08|isbn=1-59184-088-0}}
* {{cite book|title=The Google Story|author=David Vise and Mark Malseed|publisher=Delacorte Press|date=2005-11-15|isbn=0-553-80457-X}}
* {{cite book|title=Planet Google: One Company's Audacious Plan To Organize Everything We Know |author=Randall Stross |publisher=[[Free Press (publisher)]] |date=2008-09-18 |isbn=1-41654-691-X}}
* {{cite book |title=Inside Larry and Sergey's Brain  |author=Richard L. Brandt |publisher=[[Portfolio Hardcover]] |date=2009-09-17 |isbn=1-5918-4276-X}}
* {{cite book |title=Googled: The End of the World As We Know It |author=[[Ken Auletta]] |publisher=[[Penguin Press]] |date=2009-11-03 |isbn=1-59420-235-4}}

==External links==
<!--========================({{No More Links}})============================
    | PLEASE BE CAUTIOUS IN ADDING MORE LINKS TO THIS ARTICLE. WIKIPEDIA  |
    | IS NOT A COLLECTION OF LINKS NOR SHOULD IT BE USED FOR ADVERTISING. |
    |                                                                     |
    |           Excessive or inappropriate links WILL BE DELETED.         |
    | See [[Wikipedia:External links]] & [[Wikipedia:Spam]] for details.  |
    |                                                                     |
    | If there are already plentiful links, please propose additions or   |
    | replacements on this article's discussion page, or submit your link |
    | to the relevant category at the Open Directory Project (dmoz.org)   |
    | and link back to that category using the {{dmoz}} template.         |
===({{No More Links}})===-->
{{sisterlinks|Google}}
* [http://www.google.com/ Google.com]
* [http://www.google.com/corporate/ Corporate Homepage]
* [http://googleblog.blogspot.com/ Official Google Blog]
* [http://www.nsf.gov/discoveries/disc_summ.jsp?cntn_id=100660&org=NSF On the Origins of Google]
* [http://research.google.com/ Google Research]
* {{cite web |url=http://google.com/ |title=Earliest known google website from 1998 |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/19981111183552/google.stanford.edu/
|archivedate=1998-11-11}}&nbsp;– [[archive.org]]
* [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/google/ Google in Depth Archive] by ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]''
* [http://www.google.com/holidaylogos.html Online museum of google logos] mostly from events and holidays

{{Google Inc.|corporate=yes|products=yes}}
{{Open Handset Alliance Members}}
{{NASDAQ-100}}

[[Category:Google| ]]

[[Category:Internet history]]
[[Category:World Wide Web]]
[[Category:Human-computer interaction]]
[[Category:Hypertext]]
[[Category:Cloud computing providers]]
[[Category:Companies based in Mountain View, California]]
[[Category:Companies established in 1998]]
[[Category:Internet properties established in 1998]]
[[Category:Internet companies of the United States]]
[[Category:Web service providers]]
[[Category:Websites by company]]
{{Link FA|bar}}
<!-- Interwiki links -->

[[af:Google]]
[[am:ጉግል]]
[[ang:Google]]
[[ar:جوجل]]
[[ast:Google]]
[[az:Google]]
[[bn:গুগল অনুসন্ধান]]
[[zh-min-nan:Google]]
[[be:Google]]
[[be-x-old:Google]]
[[bar:Google]]
[[bs:Google]]
[[br:Google]]
[[bg:Google]]
[[ca:Google]]
[[cv:Кукăль (компани)]]
[[ceb:Google]]
[[cs:Google]]
[[cy:Google]]
[[da:Google]]
[[de:Google Inc.]]
[[dsb:Google]]
[[et:Google]]
[[el:Google]]
[[es:Google]]
[[eo:Google]]
[[eu:Google]]
[[fa:گوگل]]
[[fo:Google]]
[[fr:Google]]
[[ga:Google]]
[[gl:Google]]
[[ko:구글]]
[[hi:गूगल]]
[[hsb:Google]]
[[hr:Google (tvrtka)]]
[[io:Google]]
[[id:Google]]
[[iu:ᒎᒐᓪ/guugal]]
[[is:Google]]
[[it:Google Inc.]]
[[he:גוגל (חברה)]]
[[kn:ಗೂಗಲ್]]
[[ka:Google]]
[[ky:Google]]
[[rn:Google]]
[[ht:Google]]
[[ku:Google]]
[[lo:ກູໂກລ]]
[[la:Google]]
[[lv:Google]]
[[lb:Google]]
[[lt:Google]]
[[hu:Google, Inc.]]
[[mk:Google]]
[[mg:Google]]
[[ml:ഗൂഗിള്‍]]
[[mr:गूगल]]
[[arz:جوجل]]
[[ms:Google]]
[[nah:Google]]
[[nl:Google Inc.]]
[[ne:गूगल]]
[[ja:Google]]
[[no:Google]]
[[nn:Google]]
[[oc:Google]]
[[uz:Google]]
[[pnb:گوگل]]
[[km:Google ស្វែងរក]]
[[pl:Google]]
[[pt:Google]]
[[kaa:Google]]
[[ro:Google]]
[[qu:Google]]
[[ru:Google (компания)]]
[[sah:Google]]
[[sco:Google]]
[[sq:Google]]
[[scn:Google]]
[[simple:Google]]
[[sd:گوگل]]
[[sk:Google]]
[[sl:Google]]
[[sr:Гугл]]
[[sh:Google]]
[[fi:Google]]
[[sv:Google]]
[[tl:Google]]
[[ta:கூகிள்]]
[[kab:Google]]
[[tt:Google]]
[[th:กูเกิล]]
[[tr:Google]]
[[uk:Google]]
[[ur:گوگل]]
[[vi:Google]]
[[wa:Google]]
[[vls:Google]]
[[yi:גוגל]]
[[yo:Google]]
[[zh-yue:Google]]
[[diq:Google]]
[[zh:Google]]