John Deere (inventor): Difference between revisions
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{{short description|American blacksmith and manufacturer}} |
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{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2013}} |
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{{Infobox person |
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| name = John Deere |
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| image = John Deere portrait.jpg |
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| caption = John Deere |
| caption = John Deere |
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| birth_name = |
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| birth_date = {{Birth date|1804|2|7|mf=y}} |
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1804|2|7|mf=y}} |
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| birth_place = [[Rutland (town), Vermont|Rutland, Vermont]], US |
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| death_date = {{Death date and age|mf=yes|1886|5|17|1804|2|7}} |
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| death_place = [[John Deere House|Red Cliff]] in [[Moline, Illinois]], US |
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Revision as of 16:11, 17 November 2021
vhbshdfbvhasbfkjbabfhbahdbchbhbbd hka
| image_size =
| caption = John Deere
| birth_name =
| birth_date = February 7, 1804
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| death_cause = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = | residence = | other_names = | known_for = Deere & Company, steel plow | education = Middlebury College | employer = | occupation = Inventor, blacksmith | spouse = | children = 9[1] | parents = | relatives = | signature = | website = }} John Deere /d͡ʒɒn dɪə/ (February 7, 1804[2] – May 17, 1886) was an American blacksmith and manufacturer who founded Deere & Company, one of the largest and leading agricultural and construction equipment manufacturers in the world. Born in Rutland, Vermont, Deere moved to Illinois and invented the first commercially successful steel plow in 1837.
Early life
John Deere was born on February 7, 1804, in Rutland, Vermont. After a brief educational period at Middlebury College, at age 17 in 1821 he began an apprenticeship with Captain Benjamin Lawrence, a successful Middlebury blacksmith, and entered the trade for himself in 1826.[3][4] He married Demarius Lamb in 1827 and fathered nine children.[4][5] Deere worked in Burlington before opening his own shops, first in Vergennes, and then in Leicester.[6]
Steel plow
John Deere settled in Grand Detour, Illinois. At the time, Deere had no difficulty finding work due to a lack of blacksmiths working in the area.[7] Deere found that cast-iron plows were not working very well in the tough prairie soil of Illinois and remembered the needles he had previously polished by running them through sand as he grew up in his father's tailor shop in Rutland, Vermont.[7] Deere came to the conclusion that a plow made out of highly polished steel and a correctly shaped moldboard (the self-scouring steel plow) would be better able to handle the soil conditions of the prairie, especially its sticky clay.[8]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Early_John_Deere_plow.jpg/220px-Early_John_Deere_plow.jpg)
There are varying versions of the inspiration for Deere's famous steel plow. In one version, he recalled the way the polished steel pitchfork tines moved through hay and soil and thought that same effect could be obtained for a plow.
In 1837, Deere developed and manufactured the first commercially successful cast-steel plow. The wrought-iron framed plow had a polished steel share. This made it ideal for the tough soil of the Midwest and worked better than other plows. By early 1838, Deere completed his first steel plow and sold it to a local farmer, Lewis Crandall, who quickly spread word of his success with Deere's plow. Subsequently, two neighbors soon placed orders with Deere. By 1841, Deere was manufacturing 75–100 plows per year.[4]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Ogle_County-Ashton-Gr_Detour_027.jpg/220px-Ogle_County-Ashton-Gr_Detour_027.jpg)
In 1843, Deere partnered with Leonard Andrus to produce more plows to keep up with demand. However, the partnership became strained due to the two men's stubbornness – while Deere wished to sell to customers outside Grand Detour, Andrus opposed a proposed railroad through Grand Detour – and Deere's distrust of Andrus' accounting practices.[9] In 1848, Deere dissolved the partnership with Andrus and moved to Moline, Illinois, because the city was a transportation hub on the Mississippi River.[10] By 1855, Deere's factory sold more than 10,000 such plows. It became known as "The Plow that Broke the Plains" and is commemorated as such in a historic place marker in Vermont.[11]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/MiddleburyJohnDeereMonument.jpg/220px-MiddleburyJohnDeereMonument.jpg)
Deere insisted on making high-quality equipment. He once said, "I will never put my name on a product that does not have in it the best that is in me."[12] Following the Panic of 1857, as business improved, Deere left the day-to-day operations to his son Charles.[13] In 1868, Deere incorporated his business as Deere & Company.[13]
Later life
Later in life, Deere focused most of his attention on civil and political affairs. He served as President of the National Bank of Moline, a director of the Moline Free Public Library, and was a trustee of the First Congregational Church.[3][14] Deere also served as Moline's mayor for two years but due to chest pains and dysentery Deere refused to run for a second term.[3][15] He died at home (known as Red Cliff) on May 17, 1886 at the age of 82.[16]
References
- ^ About John Deere Archived May 5, 2007, at the Wayback Machine. Deere.com. Retrieved on 2013-07-21.
- ^ "Founder John Deere - Past Leaders - John Deere US". www.deere.com. Retrieved April 15, 2018.
- ^ a b c "John Deere: A Biography Archived April 10, 2007, at the Wayback Machine," Deere & Company, official website. Retrieved May 22, 2007.
- ^ a b c Leffingwell, Randy. "John Deere: A History of the Tractor," (Google Books), motor books/MBI Publishing Company, 2004, pg. 10, (ISBN 0760318611). Retrieved May 21, 2007.
- ^ About John Deere. Deere.com. Retrieved on 2013-07-21.
- ^ "Famous Vermont Residents – John Deere". Vermont History and Genealogy. February 20, 2007.
- ^ a b "170 Years of John Deere," The Toy Tractor Times, January 2007. Retrieved May 22, 2007.
- ^ Attoun, Marti. "American Innovator, Agricultural Icon Archived November 5, 2006, at the Wayback Machine," AmericanProfile.com, April 17, 2005. Retrieved May 22, 2007.
- ^ Neil Dahlstrom, and Jeremy Dahlstrom, The John Deere Story: A Biography of Plowmakers John & Charles Deere. Northern Illinois University Press, 2005, pg. 18
- ^ Robert N. Pripps (1995). John Deere Photographic History. Voyageur Press. p. 18. ISBN 9781610606479.
- ^ Hans Halberstadt (2003). The American Family Farm. MBI Publishing Company. p. 18. ISBN 9780760317068.
- ^ Magee, David. The John Deere Way: Performance that Endures (Google Books), John Wiley and Sons, 2005, p. 36, (ISBN 0471734292), accessed October 21, 2008.
- ^ a b Haycraft, William R. Yellow Steel: The Story of the Earthmoving Equipment Industry, (Google Books), University of Illinois Press, 2002, p. 86, (ISBN 0252071042), accessed October 21, 2008.
- ^ "John Deere: Founder and President 1837–1886 Archived June 11, 2007, at the Wayback Machine," Deere & Company, official website. Retrieved May 22, 2007.
- ^ Dahlstrom, Neil and Dahlstrom, Jeremy.The John Deere Story: A Biography of Plowmakers John & Charles Deere. Northern Illinois University Press, 2005, pgs. 101–104
- ^ "John Deere Mansion Moline Il Archived February 8, 2011, at the Wayback Machine," John Deere Mansion, official website.
Further reading
- Wayne G. Broehl, Jr. John Deere's Company (1984)
- Neil Dahlstrom and Jeremy Dahlstrom. The John Deere Story: A Biography of Plowmakers John and Charles Deere (Northern Illinois University Press, 2005). 204pp.
- Leslie J. Stegh. "Deere, John"; American National Biography Online (Feb. 2000) Access Date: Thu May 15 2014
https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1994-05-27-9405270112-story.html
- John Deere
- 1804 births
- 1886 deaths
- American blacksmiths
- American chief executives of manufacturing companies
- Middlebury College alumni
- People from Middlebury, Vermont
- People from Moline, Illinois
- 19th-century American inventors
- People from Rutland (town), Vermont
- Businesspeople from Illinois
- Mayors of places in Illinois
- 19th-century American businesspeople