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| coach =
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| championships = 2.187 nat.; approx. 182 European cup medals approx. 324 World cup medals; approx. 215 Olympic medals<ref>[http://dispatch.opac.ddb.de/DB=1.1/LNG=DU/SID=690ceed1-30/LNG=EN/ Data bank for the Magazine Dynamo sport/ Please insert Dynamosport for searching (atttention:German language) It is for prooving the medals; extra beside the linked athletes here.]</ref>
| championships = 2.187 nat.; approx. 182 European cup medals approx. 324 World cup medals; approx. 215 Olympic medals<ref>[http://dispatch.opac.ddb.de/DB=1.1/LNG=DU/SID=690ceed1-30/LNG=EN/ Data bank for the Magazine Dynamo sport/ Please insert Dynamosport for searching (atttention:German language) It is for proving the medals; extra beside the linked athletes here.]</ref>
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The '''''Sportvereinigung Dynamo''''' (Sports Club Dynamo) was a German [[sports club]] of the [[German Democratic Republic]] (East Germany). It was created for members of the country's ministry of interior which included the ''[[Volkspolizei]]'' with the ''[[Border patrol of the GDR (Zollverwaltung der DDR)]]'', the East [[German fire services]] and the ''[[Staatssicherheit]]'' (with 4400 members). The president was [[Erich Mielke]] from its inception in [[March 27]], [[1953]] until [[November 23]], [[1989]], because of te reunification/the order of the SED. The former head office is located in [[East Berlin]] (''[[Hohenschönhausen]]'') next to the former headquarters of the ''Staatssicherheit''. [[Dynamo-Sportforum]] Berlin was the largest sportscomplex in Europe, used for many [[Olympic sports]]. The speed skating track was the first 400 meter indoor rink when it got a roof. Sportvereinigung Dynamo was the one of the most successful sports associations in international competitions. After German reunification in 1990 the club was liquidated. At its height the association had over 280,000 active (sporting) members, including over 110,000 children. (world record)<ref>[http://www.dosb.de/fileadmin/fm-dsb/arbeitsfelder/wiss-ges/Dateien/Siegel-Endversion-Sporteinheit-19072006.pdf Page 18]</ref>
The '''''Sportvereinigung Dynamo''''' (Sports Club Dynamo) was a German [[sports club]] of the [[German Democratic Republic]] (East Germany). It was created for members of the country's ministry of interior which included the ''[[Volkspolizei]]'' with the ''[[Border patrol of the GDR (Zollverwaltung der DDR)]]'', the East [[German fire services]] and the ''[[Staatssicherheit]]'' (with 4400 members). The president was [[Erich Mielke]] from its inception in [[March 27]], [[1953]] until [[November 23]], [[1989]]. The former head office is located in [[East Berlin]] (''[[Hohenschönhausen]]'') next to the former headquarters of the ''Staatssicherheit''. [[Dynamo-Sportforum]] Berlin was the largest sportscomplex in Europe, used for many [[Olympic sports]]. The speed skating track was the first 400 meter indoor rink when it got a roof. Sportvereinigung Dynamo was the one of the most successful sports associations in international competitions. After German reunification in 1990 the club was liquidated. At its height the association had over 280,000 active (sporting) members, including over 110,000 children. <ref>[http://www.dosb.de/fileadmin/fm-dsb/arbeitsfelder/wiss-ges/Dateien/Siegel-Endversion-Sporteinheit-19072006.pdf Page 18]</ref> After reunification the systematic [[Doping (sport)|doping]] of Dynamo athletes from 1971 until 1990 was revealed. The systematic doping of athletes was done under the supervision of the Staatssicherheit and with full backing of the government.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,2144,786574,00.html |title=Sports Doping Statistics Reach Plateau in Germany |publisher=''[[Deutsche Welle]]'' |date=2003-02-26 |accessdate=2007-08-04}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://members.lycos.co.uk/dopingopfer/kommentar_ordner/09_2002/dynamo_liste_web.htm|title=Dynamo Liste (in German)|publisher=doping_opfer@yahoo.com|date=September 2002|accessdate= 2008-03-10}}</ref>.


== The roots ==
== The roots ==
Dynamo was created in accordance with the multi-[[sports]] club model developed in the [[Soviet Union]] and adopted throughout Eastern Europe. From the beginning it had an overtly political as well as sporting agenda and its many successes were always portrayed as a triumph of the GDR state. It was frequently lauded by East German leaders in their speeches. For example:
Dynamo was created in accordance with the multi-[[sports]] club model developed in the [[Soviet Union]] and adopted throughout Eastern Europe. From the beginning it had an overtly political as well as sporting agenda and its many successes were always portrayed as a triumph of the GDR state. It was frequently lauded by East German leaders in their speeches. For example:
[[Image:Erich Fritz Emil Mielke.jpg|left|thumb|Army Gen. and Minister [[Erich Mielke]] been voted in every time for the first president.]]
[[Image:Erich Fritz Emil Mielke.jpg|left|thumb|upright|Army Gen. and Minister [[Erich Mielke]] been voted in every time for the first president.]]
{{quote|We have the certainty that you use all your power; because SV Dynamo, means more than only driving power; (…)
{{quote|We have the certainty that you use all your power; because SV Dynamo, means more than only driving power; (…)
The name Sportvereinigung Dynamo, that is progress that is [[socialism]], [[communism]], means, after the progressive theory of mankind to work after [[Marxism]] and [[Leninism]]. (…)Sportvereinigung Dynamo that is undestructable friendship to the Soviet Union, to the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and for Soviet brother organization [[Dynamo Sports Club|Dynamo]]. (…)Sportsvereinigung Dynamo, is bounded with the party, with the [[working class]] and the [[worker]]s of the German Democratic Republic. (…) Sportvereinigung Dynamo is called to give to the [[DTSB]] of the GDR large support with the fulfilment of the tasks is called to work as progressive powers in the selection crews of the GDR, in the [[district]] organizations, everywhere, where Dynamo sportsmen work. (…)
The name Sportvereinigung Dynamo, that is progress that is [[socialism]], [[communism]], means, after the progressive theory of mankind to work after [[Marxism]] and [[Leninism]]. (…)Sportvereinigung Dynamo that is undestructable friendship to the Soviet Union, to the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and for Soviet brother organization [[Dynamo Sports Club|Dynamo]]. (…)Sportsvereinigung Dynamo, is bounded with the party, with the [[working class]] and the [[worker]]s of the German Democratic Republic. (…) Sportvereinigung Dynamo is called to give to the [[DTSB]] of the GDR large support with the fulfilment of the tasks is called to work as progressive powers in the selection crews of the GDR, in the [[district]] organizations, everywhere, where Dynamo sportsmen work. (…)
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== Members ==
== Members ==
Key to East German sporting success was a pyramid system with schoolchildren being assessed for athletic potential and the best (typically the top 2.5%) in each school-year being offered specialised coaching. A small fraction of those would go on to become the top adult athletes of the next generation. This model was initially derided in the West as a "sausage machine" but it has since been adopted in modified form by [[Australia]], [[France]], [[Spain]] and others with thousands of children being educated at specialised (often residential) sports schools rather than going through the normal [[High School]] system. Overall, 3 billion athletes were in the GDR at the German Sports federation ([[DTSB]]) registrated in many other successful clubs.
Key to East German sporting success was a pyramid system with schoolchildren being assessed for athletic potential and the best (typically the top 2.5%) in each school-year being offered specialised coaching. A small fraction of those would go on to become the top adult athletes of the next generation. This model was initially derided in the West as a "sausage machine" but it has since been adopted in modified form by [[Australia]], [[France]], [[Spain]] and others with thousands of children being educated at specialised (often residential) sports schools rather than going through the normal [[High School]] system. Overall, 3 billion athletes were in the GDR at the German Sports federation ([[DTSB]]) registered in many other successful clubs.
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==Institutions==
{|style="float:right; background:; padding:0px; margin:0px;"
|[[Image:GDR Fire Service.jpg|101px]]
|[[Image:Emblema Stasi.svg|right|89px]]
|[[Image:People's Police.jpg|101px]]
|[[Image:Coat of arms of the GDR Border-Patrol.jpg|66px]]
|}After reunification, the members of the [[Felix Dzerzhinsky Watch Regiment]], also sometimes Dynamo - Athletes, got no pension, although they could win sporting successes. It is proven that only an elite army members and no spies were known from the '' MFS'', which has been belonged to. That these members of agencies weren't been agents. Also only if they are served for terrorism defense.<ref>[http://www.isor-sozialverein.de/Hilfen/NeuePet_170105/PetNorbert.htm Aus der Petition einer Angestellten der Sportvereinigung „Dynamo“<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
Some also get little pension, although they worked as a teacher, and their acts would been checked.
<ref>[http://www.isor-sozialverein.de/Hilfen/NeuePet_170105/PetInge1.htm Aus der Petition einer Angestellten der Sportvereinigung „Dynamo“<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
Employees of the State Security were camouflaged as civilians in events. Sometimes they did recognize themselfes with the same souvenirs. For example: Bananas and Sandwiches. These was a sort of a "sport-police". On [[Hooligans]] are even used [[Espionage|agent]]'s. That happened for years and nobody could it remember. This were often happened with the [[BFC Dynamo]] and the [[SG Dynamo Dresden]]. Members of the organs of the [[Ministry of Interior of the GDR]] had to support the ''SV'', otherwise, there was not a good omen for them. <ref>Willmann, Frank; Stadionpartisanen Fans und Hooligans in der DDR; Neues Leben Publishers, August 2007; 223 Pages - Language: German - 213x149x27 mm; ISBN 9783355017442</ref>
There were hooligans but mostly to today's conditions as good as none. It was only after the German reunification. The roots were, therefore, the changes in the school, the labour market and therefore in a changing society, which it's worsened. <ref>[[Eduard Geyer]]: at the Drewag Magazine: 1. publishing in 2008</ref>


== Organisation ==
== Organisation ==
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Gerhard Kube, Helmut Baierl and Kurt Barthel formed many poems, which playing the sports club a role.
Gerhard Kube, Helmut Baierl and Kurt Barthel formed many poems, which playing the sports club a role.
{{main|Lyric poetry of the Sports Club Dynamo}}
{{main|Lyric poetry of the Sports Club Dynamo}}

== Dynamo-Hall of fame ==
[[Image:SC Dynamo Berlin (record champion).png|right|150px|thumb|The emblem of all performing power centers in [[SC Dynamo Hoppegarten|Hoppegarten]], [[SC Dynamo Klingenthal|Klingenthal]] and [[SC Dynamo Berlin|Berlin]]]]
They lived across in normal rented houses besides workers or even came from peasant families. They got no million contracts for their actions. Some also studied along their athletic careers, with extra curriculas has been prepared for them. This is proved as progressive.
*Diploma Eng. of Mech. and Sports [[Eduard Geyer]] awarded the ''Goldene Henne'' (a social price by the society of the East German countries, in the FRG), in 2000. He have had deserved for his soccer/trainer career, after reunification. <ref>http://www.super-illu.de/goldenehenne/preis/Rueckblick_2000_103559.html</ref>
*[[Gerhard Kaminski]] awarded the German [[Federal Cross of Merit]] for his super trainer career at the Dynamo-Sports-Hall in Gymnastics. He trained world class gymnasts in a 50 years record era, for the Olympic Games. In 1999, he awarded the [[Manfred von Richthofen]] - price.<ref>http://www.gymmedia.com//news/kaminski01.htm</ref>
*Dynamo athletes won medals in many Olympic and World Championship events. The annual contribution defrauded per year only converted 0,60 - € / 0,90- $/ 12,- M. The citizen of the GDR deserved in average approximately 500,- ''[[East German mark]] (''Mark'')'' per month.
*The [[genius]] Dr. med. orth. hab. [[Karin Büttner-Janz]] (Olympic winner, medical scientist on the [[Humboldt University]]), is the gymnast 20th century. She also invented the artificial [[intervertebral disc]].
*Dipl. Ing. [[Sigmund Jähn]] was the first [[cosmonaut]] in [[space]] from the [[GDR]]. He was also an honorary member of the SV. The honorary title does he won for the SV Dynamo district Karl-Marx-Stadt; at the SC Dynamo Klingenthal, in 1978. When he got the certificate, he said: "As a skijumper were Harry Glaß my personal model for the start to the [[Universe|Cosmos]]." This skijumper had nearly broken neck, and was in pension of ability.<ref>Dynamosport Magazine; 1978; 20th edition on page 2</ref>
*Dynamo athletes were also the one, which may could learn [[karate]] or even [[jujutsu]] as well as the general citizens could only learn [[judo]].
*Spies in the [[United States]] has earned the complete knowledge about the martial arts training of the [[CIA]] and Dynamo became this informations.<ref>[http://www.kampfkunst-board.info/forum/f15/mfs-35510/index2.html MfS<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
* One of the best of the bests, being [[Maxi Gnauck]] (very famous), [[Bernd Wiesner]], [[Jutta Hampe]], [[Katrin Boron]], [[Caren Metschuck]] mostly in rowing, gymnastics and parashuting.
{{Main|Dynamo-hall of fame}}

== The western part of Germany has blocked Dynamo ==
In the [[cold war]] the name Dynamo was prohibited to use. The justification was: "Dynamo is a description of the Eastern Bloc countries are themselves members of the communist system and thus is in the FRG contrary." The dynamo-symbol was contrary to the constitution of former [[West Germany]]. Which worn this dynamo-insignia, would been prosecuted.
<ref>[http://www.dam-2007.de/mannschaften/mannschaft_05.html FSC Dynamo Windrad – 10 Jahre Namensverbot<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> <ref>[http://www.dynamo-windrad.de/mitte.php?seite=3 mitte<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>


== The patron saint ==
== The patron saint ==
[[Image:Динамо 2.png|100px|right]]
[[Image:Динамо 2.png|100px|right]]
[[Feliks E. Dzierzynski]] (grounder of the SV Dynamo (Soviet Union), [[Cheka]] and [[saboteur]]) was the Idol of the "SVD" and also for the Soviet [[Dynamo Sports Club]]. Both clubs has him and were boundet in [[friendship]] together. They exchanged the sporty knowledge. The GDR learned from the Soviet Union. The reason was that: he was the chief of centers deligate which fought against neglect of children. His motto has always been that the children in the communist society and humanity to grow up happy, so they should be strong personalities. He was a friend of children.
[[Feliks E. Dzierzynski]] (founder of the SV Dynamo (Soviet Union) and the [[Cheka]] was a honorary member of Dynamo and of the Soviet [[Dynamo Sports Club]]. Both clubs were bounded in [[friendship]] together.


== Achievements==
== Achievements==
Line 173: Line 145:
*[[S.L. Benfica]]
*[[S.L. Benfica]]
*[[The New York Athletic Club]]
*[[The New York Athletic Club]]

==Controversies==
''Main article: [[Controversies surrounding the Sport Club Dynamo]]''


== Literature ==
== Literature ==

Revision as of 09:54, 25 March 2008

SV Dynamo
File:SV Dynamo - Pin.jpg
FoundedMarch 27, 1953
LeagueOlympics, World cup, European Championship Nat. League
Based inEast Berlin
ArenaPalast der Republik, Dynamo-Sportforum, Altenberg bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton track, Dynamo Sports Hotel
StadiumDynamo Stadium (Dresden), Friedrich Ludwig Jahn Sportpark, Heinz Steyer Stadion and others
Colorswine-red white/ wine-red silver
OwnerMinistry of Interior of the GDR
PresidentErich Mielke
Championships2.187 nat.; approx. 182 European cup medals approx. 324 World cup medals; approx. 215 Olympic medals[1]

The Sportvereinigung Dynamo (Sports Club Dynamo) was a German sports club of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany). It was created for members of the country's ministry of interior which included the Volkspolizei with the Border patrol of the GDR (Zollverwaltung der DDR), the East German fire services and the Staatssicherheit (with 4400 members). The president was Erich Mielke from its inception in March 27, 1953 until November 23, 1989. The former head office is located in East Berlin (Hohenschönhausen) next to the former headquarters of the Staatssicherheit. Dynamo-Sportforum Berlin was the largest sportscomplex in Europe, used for many Olympic sports. The speed skating track was the first 400 meter indoor rink when it got a roof. Sportvereinigung Dynamo was the one of the most successful sports associations in international competitions. After German reunification in 1990 the club was liquidated. At its height the association had over 280,000 active (sporting) members, including over 110,000 children. [2] After reunification the systematic doping of Dynamo athletes from 1971 until 1990 was revealed. The systematic doping of athletes was done under the supervision of the Staatssicherheit and with full backing of the government.[3] [4].

The roots

Dynamo was created in accordance with the multi-sports club model developed in the Soviet Union and adopted throughout Eastern Europe. From the beginning it had an overtly political as well as sporting agenda and its many successes were always portrayed as a triumph of the GDR state. It was frequently lauded by East German leaders in their speeches. For example:

File:Erich Fritz Emil Mielke.jpg
Army Gen. and Minister Erich Mielke been voted in every time for the first president.

We have the certainty that you use all your power; because SV Dynamo, means more than only driving power; (…)

The name Sportvereinigung Dynamo, that is progress that is socialism, communism, means, after the progressive theory of mankind to work after Marxism and Leninism. (…)Sportvereinigung Dynamo that is undestructable friendship to the Soviet Union, to the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and for Soviet brother organization Dynamo. (…)Sportsvereinigung Dynamo, is bounded with the party, with the working class and the workers of the German Democratic Republic. (…) Sportvereinigung Dynamo is called to give to the DTSB of the GDR large support with the fulfilment of the tasks is called to work as progressive powers in the selection crews of the GDR, in the district organizations, everywhere, where Dynamo sportsmen work. (…) Sportvereinigung Dynamo, that means, to carry out the resolutions with humans in the interest of humans for the further stabilization of the GDR.”[5]

If we speak of the good results the GDR sport, then the Sportvereinigung Dynamo has of it an important portion. But we say dear friends and comrades of the Sportvereinigung all ranges of the physical culture and the sport to you affect. We appreciate however not nu the large achievements in the area the physical culture and the sport, but say also all comrades of our protection and safety organs thanks for the fact that them us altogether in our work, with which education, with which development of physical culture and sport supported and also with the security of our results and successes in the whole past years in so outstanding way. If we speak of new tasks and new far-stretched goals, then we count on the fact that the sport. Dynamo may be as in the past also in the future an equally strong asset in ours, German gymnastic and sport organisation. The Sportvereinigung Dynamo always took an outstanding place. In the competition of the Sportvereinigung and district organizations it often distinguished, also in districts represent our comrades the Sportvereinigung Dynamo a strong position of our sport organization. We all however know that our tasks become in the future not only larger, but also still various possibilities to open are to carry a still better work out in order to justify hopes of the people and the party.

[6]

Members

Key to East German sporting success was a pyramid system with schoolchildren being assessed for athletic potential and the best (typically the top 2.5%) in each school-year being offered specialised coaching. A small fraction of those would go on to become the top adult athletes of the next generation. This model was initially derided in the West as a "sausage machine" but it has since been adopted in modified form by Australia, France, Spain and others with thousands of children being educated at specialised (often residential) sports schools rather than going through the normal High School system. Overall, 3 billion athletes were in the GDR at the German Sports federation (DTSB) registered in many other successful clubs.

Members by year[7]
Year Adults Children Total
1953 23162 none 23162
1955 55991 10874 66856
1958 90160 18846 109006
1961 105530 42822 148352
1966 118651 54691 173306
1970 131752 74266 206018
1972 139013 85295 224308
1974 144356 93071 237427
1975 146127 96666 242793
1976 148054 99337 247391
1983 170.000 110.000 280.000

Trainers

Most coaches were also even teachers or other specific occupations. They were all in principle to took members fears before starting competitions. Also said that never was like everything bad could happen if .... Problems are always packed at its source in order to eradicate this. At the same time, they were also the guardian of morality.

Trainers by year[8]
Year Level 1 Level 2 Level 3/4 Total
1964 none none none 9989
1965 none none none 9673
1966 6785 2466 1362 10613
1967 6717 2476 1489 10682
1968 7078 2731 1712 11521
1969 7536 3009 1915 12460
1970 7321 3211 2058 12590
1971 7215 3412 2119 12746
1972 7334 3598 2580 13512
1973 7394 3791 3016 14201
1974 11358 3906 3098 18362
1975 11812 3949 3407 19168
1976 12369 4219 3524 20112

Organisation

German SV Dynamo districts

The sports system was not designed for transfers, but on schedule. The athletes had to be viewed in their own country. Administrators and coaches from Dynamo Berlin were often sent to support their development. The district organizations always worn the initials SV Dynamo ... . The districts been the same districts of the state.

Main article: District organisations of the Sports Club Dynamo
File:Adidaslogo.jpg

As a sports brand could only worn Adidas by the athletes, in international competitions or the home made brand Champion. If this were not respected, the athletes would been blocked in int. competitions for a time, then Dynamo had only hidden contracts with Adidas. Never was an athlete punished.[9]

For small children, there was even a Dynamo-Kindergarten. Henceforth the larger children trained every day before and after classes. All children were happy with doing that. For the training, there exists a basic plan. If the children themselves are not good at school, then they were being excluded from the training. These were but who helped. There were respected the emphasis has been that the athletes had to pursued themselves the sporting ideology , because otherwise no success would have been guaranteed. The Dynamo athletes should always did stow in their offices sports equipment. This should be at least 10 minutes during working break. These included: dumbbells, expander; impander and poles for pull-ups. In each year, the best Dynamo-athlete were voted. Few could win 50,- M when they themselves were those who chose the sportswoman/ sportsman of the year. [10] Athletes may not overwhelmed, and at.. Particularly, it should be respected so that there were more athletes than fans there. The officials had always successful attempts by the people to the stadiums to attract these onto the sports fields.[11] Dynamo employed a planning cycle that set out the club's objectives for the upcoming four year period. All people should be have the right to doing sports at the Sports Club Dynamo. [12]

This sports club was anti-fascistic with the human goals against imperialism. The grounders of thus here were former prisoners in concentration camps and leaders in the battle against National socialists and Social Democrats at the Weimar Republic. The Dynamo-Youth commemorated about it at the Soviet War Memorial (Treptower Park), Sachsenhausen concentration camp. The names of murdered/death communists was given as honoury titles for Dynamo-Clubs, which must fought for it... . For example: SG Dynamo "Feliks E. Dzierzynski" Dresden or SG Dynamo "Dr. Richard Sorge" Erfurt.

There were also many hymns and odes of Dynamo, which would written. Gerhard Kube, Helmut Baierl and Kurt Barthel formed many poems, which playing the sports club a role.

Main article: Lyric poetry of the Sports Club Dynamo

The patron saint

File:Динамо 2.png

Feliks E. Dzierzynski (founder of the SV Dynamo (Soviet Union) and the Cheka was a honorary member of Dynamo and of the Soviet Dynamo Sports Club. Both clubs were bounded in friendship together.

Achievements

File:Deutscher Turn- und Sportbund (DTSB).png

Olympics The sports club won approx. 215 Olympic medals in a period of 37 years.

Main article: Olympics of the Sports Club Dynamo

World-Championships The sports club won approx. 324 World Cup medals in a period of 37 years.

Main article: World Championships of the Sports Club Dynamo

European-Championships The athletes won approx. 182 European titles.

Main article: European Championships of the Sports Club Dynamo

Championships The Dynamo-Athletes won altogether 2.187 titles in 35 sport-sections over a 37 year period. [13]

Main article: Championships of the Sports Club Dynamo

See also

For other famous multi-sport clubs:

Controversies

Main article: Controversies surrounding the Sport Club Dynamo

Literature

  • Gläser, Andreas (1976). SV Dynamo Ein Almanach. Offizin Andersen Nexö Leipzig. ISBN none. Template:De icon
  • SV Dynamo Mut und Kraft. Offizin Andersen Nexö Leipzig. 1984. ISBN none. Template:De icon
  • Dynamosport
The idol beside Karl Marx was Feliks

Former stadiums:

References

  1. ^ Data bank for the Magazine Dynamo sport/ Please insert Dynamosport for searching (atttention:German language) It is for proving the medals; extra beside the linked athletes here.
  2. ^ Page 18
  3. ^ "Sports Doping Statistics Reach Plateau in Germany". Deutsche Welle. 2003-02-26. Retrieved 2007-08-04. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  4. ^ "Dynamo Liste (in German)". doping_opfer@yahoo.com. September 2002. Retrieved 2008-03-10.
  5. ^ Rudi Hellmann, chairman of the department of sport in the ZK of the SED, on the VII. central delegate conference of the Sportvereinigunbg Dynamo 1974
  6. ^ Manfred Ewald, chairman of the DTSB of the GDR, in the welcoming address on the 6. Conference of the centers line of the Sportvereinigung Dynamo March 23, 1973
  7. ^ SV Dynamo Almanach 1977
  8. ^ SV Dynamo Almanach
  9. ^ Gymn Forum: Maxi Gnauck Biography
  10. ^ Dynamosport: 1974
  11. ^ Dynamosport:page: 6; first edition; 1974
  12. ^ Dynamosport: sec. ed.; page 3; 1974
  13. ^ www.sport-komplett.de - Sportnachrichten, Sportergebnisse, Sportstatistiken, Sporthistorie, Autogramme, Sportveranstaltungen, Sportbücher
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