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The '''Fort Hood shooting''' was a mass shooting incident that occurred on November 5, 2009, at [[Fort Hood]], outside [[Killeen, Texas|Killeen]], [[Texas]],<!--Fort Hood is next to, but not in Killeen--> the most populous [[United States military|U.S. military]] base in the world. A gunman opened fire in the Soldier Readiness Center, killing 13 people and wounding 30 others.<ref name="AP 3" />Following the incident, Hasan was hospitalized, initially on a ventilator, under heavy guard.<ref name="Google" /><ref name="Fox 2" />
The '''Fort Hood shooting''' was a mass shooting incident that occurred on November 5, 2009, at [[Fort Hood]], outside [[Killeen, Texas|Killeen]], [[Texas]],<!--Fort Hood is next to, but not in Killeen--> the most populous [[United States military|U.S. military]] base in the world. A gunman opened fire in the Soldier Readiness Center, killing 13 people and wounding 30 others.<ref name="AP 3" />Following the incident, Hasan was hospitalized, initially on a ventilator, under heavy guard.<ref name="Google" /><ref name="Fox 2" />


The alleged gunman, [[Major (United States)|Major]] [[Nidal Malik Hasan]], a [[U.S. Army]] [[psychiatrist]], was shot by civilian police officers and was seriously injured. Hasan is an American-born Muslim of Palestinian descent. Although his family reports that he was a peaceful person and a "good American", he has been alleged to have vocally opposed military involvement against Muslims, and spoken in support of actions such as suicide bombing and armed resistance to US forces. So far, authorities have reached a tentative conclusion that the attack was not part of a greater terrorist plot but were trying to determine if others were involved.<ref name="onegunman">{{cite web |url
The alleged gunman, [[Major (United States)|Major]] [[Nidal Malik Hasan]], a [[U.S. Army]] [[psychiatrist]], was shot by civilian police officers and was seriously injured. Hasan is an American-born Muslim of Palestinian descent. Although his family reports that he was a peaceful person and a "good American", he has been alleged to have vocally opposed military involvement against Muslims, and spoken in support of actions such as suicide bombing and armed resistance to US forces.
=http://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/08/us/08forthood.html |title=Army
Concludes Shootings Involved Only One Gunman |accessdate=2009-11-9
|publisher=New York Times}}</ref>



==Shootings==
==Shootings==

Revision as of 00:50, 10 November 2009

Fort Hood shooting
A victim of the shooting is transported on a table to a waiting ambulance
LocationFort Hood, Texas,
United States
DateNovember 5, 2009
ca. 1:34 p.m. (CST)
Attack type
Mass shooting
Deaths13[1]
Injured30[1]

The Fort Hood shooting was a mass shooting incident that occurred on November 5, 2009, at Fort Hood, outside Killeen, Texas, the most populous U.S. military base in the world. A gunman opened fire in the Soldier Readiness Center, killing 13 people and wounding 30 others.[2]Following the incident, Hasan was hospitalized, initially on a ventilator, under heavy guard.[3][4]

The alleged gunman, Major Nidal Malik Hasan, a U.S. Army psychiatrist, was shot by civilian police officers and was seriously injured. Hasan is an American-born Muslim of Palestinian descent. Although his family reports that he was a peaceful person and a "good American", he has been alleged to have vocally opposed military involvement against Muslims, and spoken in support of actions such as suicide bombing and armed resistance to US forces.

Shootings

Location of the main cantonment of Fort Hood in Bell County, Texas

Hasan entered his workplace, the Soldier Readiness Center—where personnel receive routine medical treatment immediately prior to and on return from deployment—at approximately 13:34 (CST). Next, according to eyewitnesses, he took a seat at an empty table at the center and bowed his head for several seconds.[5] He then stood up and started to open fire with two handguns: an FN Five-seven semi-automatic pistol and a .357 Magnum Smith & Wesson revolver,[6] at soldiers processing through cubicles in the center and on a crowd gathered 30 minutes before a scheduled college graduation ceremony in a nearby theater.[7] The FN Five-seven pistol used in the shooting was purchased at a civilian gun store.[8] At the start of the attack, Hasan reportedly jumped up on a desk and shouted "Allahu Akbar!"[3][9][10][11] before allegedly firing more than 100 rounds in the processing center.[12] Sgt. Mark Todd, a civilian police officer said "He was firing at people as they were trying to run and hide. Then he turned and fired a couple of rounds at me. I didn't hear him say a word, he just turned and fired."[13] A medic who treated Hasan said the pockets of his combat fatigues were full of pistol magazines.[14]

File:Forthoodmap2.png
Map of Fort Hood. The red dot indicates the location of the Soldier Readiness Processing Center where the shootings took place

Witnesses reported that Hasan appeared to focus on soldiers in uniform.[15] Thirteen people (twelve soldiers and one civilian) were killed, of whom, eleven died at the scene, two later in hospital.[16][17] Thirty others were wounded before Hasan was shot at least four times by local police officers, including Sergeant Kimberly Munley, who was herself non-fatally shot by Hasan.[3]

Munley had arrived on the scene within three minutes of receiving the report of an emergency at the center. Upon arrival, she encountered the shooter, Hasan, exiting the building in pursuit of a wounded soldier. Munley and Hasan exchanged shots. Munley was hit three times; twice through the left leg and once in her right wrist which knocked her to the ground. In the meantime, civilian police officer Mark Todd arrived and began to fire at Hasan. Hasan was hit and felled by shots from Todd and Munley.[18][19] Todd approached the wounded shooter, kicked the pistol out of his hand, and placed him in handcuffs as Hasan fell unconscious.[20]

The incident lasted for about 10 minutes.[21] Contrary to initial reports, Hasan was not killed in the incident, rather he was hospitalized in stable condition.[1] Initially, three soldiers were believed to have been involved in the shooting; two soldiers were detained but subsequently released. The Fort Hood website posted a notice that indicated that the shooting was not a drill. Immediately after the shooting, the base and surrounding areas, including a number of local schools, were locked down with military police and SWAT teams. The lockdown lasted approximately five hours and was lifted around 7 p.m., local time.[22] In addition to military police and local civilian police officers, FBI agents were called in from Austin and Waco,[23] and Texas Rangers were dispatched.[24] United States President Barack Obama was briefed on the incident, White House press secretary Robert Gibbs told reporters. Obama later held a press conference about the shooting.[1]

Victims

The 43 casualties of the shooting comprised 13 dead (12 soldiers; one army civilian employee), and 30 wounded who were hospitalized with gunshot wounds[1][2]. Ten of the injured were treated at Scott & White Memorial Hospital, a Level 1 trauma center in Temple, Texas.[25] Seven more wounded victims were taken to Metroplex Adventist Hospital in Killeen.[25] Eight more received hospital treatment for shock.[2]

As of November 9th, only 15 soldiers remain hospitalized, 8 in intensive care, and 7 in wards. [26]

Fatalities

The thirteen killed were:

Rank (or occupation) Name Age Hometown Image Rank (or occupation) Name Age Hometown Image
Civilian (Physician Asst.) Michael Grant Cahill[27] 62 Spokane, Washington File:Michael Grant Cahill.png Major L. Eduardo Caraveo[28] 52 Woodbridge, Virginia File:L. Eduardo Caraveo.png
SSG Justin M. DeCrow[29] 32 Plymouth, Indiana File:Justin M. DeCrow.png Captain[30] John Gaffaney[31] 56 Serra Mesa, California File:John Gaffaney.png
SPC Frederick Greene[27] 29 Mountain City, Tennessee File:Frederick Greene.png SPC Jason Dean Hunt[27] 22 Tipton, Oklahoma File:Jason Dean Hunt.png
SGT Amy Krueger[27] 29 Kiel, Wisconsin File:Amy Krueger.png PFC Aaron Thomas Nemelka[27] 19 West Jordan, Utah File:Aaron Thomas Nemelka.png
PFC Michael Pearson[32] 22 Bolingbrook, Illinois File:Michael Pearson.png Captain[33] Russell Seager[34] 51 Racine, Wisconsin File:Russell Seager.png
PFC Francheska Velez ‡ [35] 21 Chicago, Illinois File:Francheska Velez.png Lt. Col.[36] (PA) Juanita Warman[34] 55 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania File:Juanita Warman.png
PFC Kham Xiong[27] 23 St. Paul, Minnesota File:Kham Xiong.png
‡ Francheska Velez was pregnant at the time of her death.[37]

Suspect

Major Nidal Hassan
Main article: Nidal Malik Hasan

Major Nidal Malik Hasan, MD was a 39-year-old U.S. Army psychiatrist at the time of the shooting. In July 2009 he had been transferred to Fort Hood from Washington's Walter Reed Medical Center.[1] He is currently the sole suspect in the shooting. Hasan had come to the attention of federal authorities at least six months before the attacks because of Internet postings he may have made discussing suicide bombings[38] and other threats.[39]

Early life and education

Hasan described himself as being of Palestinian descent.[40] His parents emigrated to the United States from al-Bireh, a city in the West Bank territory north of Jerusalem.[41][42] He was born in Arlington, Virginia[43] and raised in Virginia.

Hasan attended William Fleming High School in Roanoke, Virginia.[44] He joined the Army immediately after high school and served 8 years as an enlisted soldier while attending college. Hasan graduated from Virginia Tech with a bachelor's degree in biochemistry and went on to medical school at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences.[45] After earning his medical degree (M.D.) in 2001, he completed his residency in psychiatry at Walter Reed Army Medical Center.[46] In 2009, he completed a fellowship in Disaster and Preventive Psychiatry at the Center for Traumatic Stress.[47]

According to some sources, Hasan is single with no children.[48][49] However, David Cook, a former neighbor, said two sons were living with Hasan around 1997 and they attended local schools. Cook said of him, "As far as I know, he was a single father. I never saw a wife."[40] According to military records, Hasan was unmarried.[50]

Circumstances preceding the attack

Hasan had come to the attention of federal authorities at least six months before the attacks because of internet postings he appeared to have made discussing suicide bombings and other threats, though authorities at the time had not definitively attributed the postings.[38][39] The postings, made in the name "NidalHasan," likened a suicide bomber to a soldier who throws himself on a grenade to save his colleagues and sacrificing his life for a "more noble cause."[38] No official investigation was opened.[39]

According to retired Colonel Terry Lee, "He said maybe Muslims should stand up and fight against the aggressor. At first we thought he meant help the armed forces, but apparently that wasn't the case. Other times he would make comments we shouldn't be in the war in the first place."[51]

During a psychiatry fellowship at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Hasan told students "I'm a Muslim first and an American second," according to a fellow student interviewed by the Los Angeles Times, Air Force Lt. Col. Val Finnell. Finnell said that while other students' projects focused on topics such as water contamination, Hasan's project dealt with the "whether the war on terror is a war against Islam."[38]

Hasan gave away furniture from his home on the morning of the shooting, saying he was going to be deployed on Friday. He also handed out copies of the Quran.[52] He was to be deployed to Afghanistan, contrary to earlier reports that he was to go to Iraq,[53] on November 28. According to Jeff Sadoski, spokesperson of U.S. Senator Kay Bailey Hutchison, "Hasan was upset about his deployment".[54] Hasan's cousin, Nader Hasan, a lawyer in Virginia, said that Nidal Hasan turned against the wars after hearing the stories of those who came back from Afghanistan and Iraq.[55] Noel Hamad said, however, that the family did not know he was being sent to Afghanistan. "He didn't tell us he was going to deploy," she said.[56]

Faizul Khan, the former imam of a mosque in Silver Spring, Maryland, where Hasan prayed several times a week, said he was "a reserved guy with a nice personality. We discussed religious matters. He was a fairly devout Muslim."[40] Fox News interviewed employees of a local strip club who claimed to have seen Hasan at their establishment in the month prior to the shooting.[57]

According to his cousin, Nidal Hasan was a practicing Muslim who had become more devout after the deaths of his parents in 1998 and 2001.[42] However, his cousin did not recall him ever expressing any radical or anti-American views.[42] The cousin claimed that Hasan had been harassed by his army colleagues because of his Middle Eastern ethnicity. Said the cousin, "He was dealing with some harassment from his military colleagues. I don’t think he’s ever been disenchanted with the military. It was the harassment. He hired a military attorney to try to have the issue resolved, pay back the government, to get out of the military. He was at the end of trying everything."[58] Hasan's aunt, Noel Hasan of Falls Church, Virginia, corroborated his cousin's account, stating that Hasan sought discharge because of harassment relating to his Islamic faith.[59] An army spokesman could not confirm the relatives' statements,[60] and the deputy director of American Muslim Armed Forces and Veterans Affairs released a statement calling the reported harassment "inconsistent" with their records.[61]

Kamran Pasha wrote about an account from a Muslim officer at Fort Hood who claims to have prayed with Hasan on the day of the shooting and that Hasan "appeared relaxed and not in any way troubled or nervous". The account also tells that the officer believes that the shootings may be been motivated by religious radicalism, based on his heated debates with Hasan, who was said to have attended the Dar al-Hijrah mosque led by controversial imam Anwar al-Awlaki. [62]Hasan had attended the Dar al-Hijrah mosque in Falls Church, Virginia, in 2001, at the same time as Nawaf al-Hazmi and Hani Hanjour, two of the September 11 hijackers.[63][64] Anwar al-Awlaki an American-born scholar now living in Yemen was the imam in 2001, while a third hijacker attended his services while in California, and has apparently issued a statement in support of the shootings. The imam was a spiritual adviser to the hijackers, and Hasan has been reported to have deep respect for al-Awlaki's teachings [65] Awlaki has been called "one of the principal jihadi luminaries for would-be homegrown terrorists," Awlaki's lecture on "Constants on the Path of Jihad" is similar to an Al Qaeda document, and is a "bible for lone-wolf Muslim extremists."[66]

ABC news has reported that U.S. officials were aware that Hasan had attempted to contact Al Qaeda.[67]

Possible intervention

Addressing the possibility of missed opportunities to have intervened in the case of Hasan, Senator Kay Bailey Hutchison, Republican of Texas, said, "Was enough done? I don't think that anyone would have ever expected a psychiatrist trained to help others' mental health would be the one who would go off himself, unless there's more to it, and that’s what they’re looking for."[68] Anti-war activist, Sergeant Selena Coppa, said: "This man was a psychiatrist and was working with other psychiatrists every day and they failed to notice how deeply disturbed someone right in their midst was."[13]

Hasan's alleged extremist beliefs were apparently a cause for concern amongst some of his peers. While at USUHS, Hasan was disciplined for "proselytizing about his Muslim faith with patients and colleagues."[69] Another incident was a lecture expected to be of a medical nature which turned out to be a diatribe against "infidels." Army doctor Val Finnell complained to superiors about Hasan's statements. Finnell said, "The system is not doing what it's supposed to do. He at least should have been confronted about these beliefs, told to cease and desist, and to shape up or ship out."[13]

Recent events

Hasan was promoted from Captain to Major in May 2009.[47][70] Before being transferred to Fort Hood in July 2009, Hasan had received a poor performance evaluation.[39] While an intern at Walter Reed, Hasan received counseling and extra supervision.[71]

Hasan was placed under guard in Brooke Army Medical Center's intensive care unit and his condition was described as "stable".[72] News reports on the morning of November 7, 2009, indicated that Nidal Hasan was in a coma,[73] he was taken off ventilation on the 7th.[74]

On November 9, Brooke Army Medical Center spokesman Dewey Mitchell announced that Hasan had regained consciousness, and has been able to talk since he was taken off a ventilator on November 7,[75] but it is unclear when investigators will begin questioning Hasan about the shooting.[76]

Reaction

File:Army mil-55426-2009-11-07-141147.jpg
Gen. George Casey and Army Secretary John McHugh discuss the shootings at a press conference at Fort Hood the day after the shootings.

In the hours immediately after the shooting, other American military bases stepped up their security measures.[77][78][79]

Lieutenant General Robert W. Cone, commander of III Corps at Fort Hood, called the attack "a terrible tragedy, stunning", saying the base community was "absolutely devastated."[80] However, he said that the evidence did not suggest the shooting was terrorism.[81] A spokesman for the Defense Department called the shooting an "isolated and tragic case"[82] and Defense Secretary Robert Gates said, "I can pledge that the Department of Defense will do everything in its power to help the Fort Hood community get through these difficult times."[83] The chair of the Senate Armed Services Committee, Carl Levin, said "Our hearts go out to the families of the brave Americans who lost their lives in today's senseless violence at Fort Hood, Texas, and to those who were injured."[83]

President Barack Obama, Vice President Joe Biden, and former President and former governor of Texas George W. Bush issued statements of support and sympathy for the victims, as did other prominent American politicians. Obama described the incident as "tragic" and "a horrific outburst of violence" while noting that it was "difficult enough when we lose these brave men and women abroad, but it is horrifying that they should come under fire at an army base on U.S. soil."[1] His statement was preceded by one from Vice-President Joe Biden who said "Jill and I join the President and Michelle in expressing our sympathies to the families of the brave soldiers who fell today. We are all praying for those who were wounded and hoping for their full and speedy recovery."[84] Former President Bush said he "was saddened to learn of the tragic incident at Fort Hood. Laura and I are keeping the victims and their families in our thoughts and prayers during this difficult time."[85] Texas Senators Kay Bailey Hutchison and John Cornyn each issued messages expressing their shock and sympathy at the shooting.[23][86]

The Council on American-Islamic Relations condemned the shooting, expressing prayers for the victims and condolences for their families.[87][88]

President of the Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence, Paul Helmke claimed that "This latest tragedy, at a heavily fortified army base, ought to convince more Americans to reject the argument that the solution to gun violence is to arm more people with more guns in more places."[89] Neither military-issued nor personal weapons may be carried about the base by typical soldiers. Lt. General Robert W. Cone, commander of the III Corps and Fort Hood, stated the on-base firearm policy: "As a matter of practice, we do not carry weapons on Fort Hood. This is our home."[90] Military weapons are only used for training or by base security, and personal weapons must be kept locked away by the provost marshal.[91] Specialist Jerry Richard, a soldier working at the Readiness Center, expressed the opinion that this policy had left them unnecessarily vulnerable to violent assaults: "Overseas you are ready for it. But here you can't even defend yourself."[48]

U.S. Senator Joseph Lieberman (I-CT) has called for a probe by the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, which he chairs. Lieberman said "it's premature to reach conclusions about what motivated Hasan. But it's clear that he was, one, under personal stress and, two, if the reports that we're receiving of various statements he made, acts he took, are valid, he had turned to Islamist extremism. And therefore, if that is true, the murder of these 13 people was a terrorist act and, in fact, it was the most destructive terrorist act to be committed on American soil since 9/11. But I want to say very quickly we don't know enough to say now, but there are very, very strong warning signs here that Dr. Hasan had become an Islamist extremist and, therefore, that this was a terrorist act. ... I think it's very important to let the Army and the FBI go forward with this investigation before we reach any conclusions."[92][93]

Michael Welner, M.D., a leading forensic psychiatrist with experience in examining a variety of mass shooters, explained how the shooting had elements common to both ideological and workplace mass shootings[94]. Dr. Welner, who has characterized mass shootings as crimes where the motivation is to create a “spectacle” asserted that a trauma care worker, even one afflicted with stress, would not be expected to be homicidal toward his patients unless his ideology trumped his Hippocratic oath – and this was borne out in his shouting Allahu Akhbar as he killed the unarmed.[95]

An analyst of terror investigations, Carl Tobias, said that the attack did not fit the profile of terrorism, and was more reminiscent of the Virginia Tech shooting.[4] However, others including Michael Scheuer, the retired former head of the CIA's Osama bin Laden Issue Station, have called the event a terrorist attack.[4] Walid Phares, a Fox News contributor, wrote in an opinion piece that "if we do find that the suspect was motivated, at least in part, by ideology the attack on Ft. Hood must be recognized as the single largest terror attack on America ... since 9/11."[57] On November 6, 2009, retired General Barry McCaffrey stated on Anderson Cooper 360° that "... it's starting to appear as if this was a domestic terrorist attack on fellow soldiers by a major in the Army who we educated for six years while he was giving off these vibes of disloyalty to his own force."[96]

Brian Levin of the Center for the Study of Hate and Extremism wrote in an article titled "A Lone-Wolf Jihad of One" the case sits at the crossroads of crime, terrorism and mental distress.[97] He compared the possible role of religion to the abortion beliefs of Scott Roeder who murdered Dr. George Tiller. A radical belief system can justify extreme actions as a response to difficulties in relationships and employment settings.

American-born imam Anwar al-Awlaki has praised Hasan for the shooting. On his personal website, he encouraged other muslims serving in the military to "follow in the footsteps of men like Nidal." [98]

Jurisdiction and prosecution

After reports surfaced that Malik had regained consciousness (November 9) and the capacity to communicate with medical staff, debate began about how to prosecute Malik.[99]

Though Malik had earlier sought to be discharged, the Army denied these requests, thus Malik was technically under the jurisdiction of the Uniform Code of Military Justice (military law) when the mass murder was committed. Military court martial under the crimes of murder and treason is likely.[100] However some have speculated about alternative avenues of recourse such as prosecution in a Federal court.[99] Some have noted an inadequacy in the military justice system that may present complications for prosecutors who are all but certain to try to seek the death penalty against Malik, namely that few American military servicemen have received the death penalty (prosecutions of American servicemen have usually been lenient).[99][101]

Defense

The family of Nidal Hasan has retained the services of retired Colonel John P. Galligan to represent Hasan. Galligan has stated that he is aware that Hasan is conscious and able to speak. He has also asked authorities to postpone questioning Hasan until he has had a chance to speak with him.

Galligan traveled from his office in Belton, Texas, to San Antonio, where Hasan is being treated. He has not discussed his clients motives or what his line of defense would be.ROUPENIAN, ELISA (Nov. 9, 2009). "Retired Colonel to Defend Accused Fort Hood Shooter". Retrieved Nov. 9, 2009. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)</ref>

See also

Other recent cases of American servicemen attacking others include:

Another notorious spree shooting in Killeen, Texas:

References

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