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m moved Railways in Brisbane to Railways in South East Queensland: The article includes history of railways in South East Queensland not just Brisbane.
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[[Brisbane]], the capital city of the [[Australia]]n state of [[Queensland]], has a network of suburban railways that carry commuters, long distance passengers, and freight. Suburban and interurban passenger services are operated under the [[Citytrain]] brand of [[Queensland Rail|QR Limited]], while long distance trains are under the [[Traveltrain]] brand. [[QRNational]] operates freight services, as well as [[Pacific National]] and their narrow gauge Pacific National Queensland division.
[[Brisbane]], the capital city of the [[Australia]]n state of [[Queensland]], has a network of suburban railways that carry commuters, long distance passengers, and freight. Suburban and interurban passenger services are operated under the [[Citytrain]] brand of [[Queensland Rail|QR Limited]], while long distance trains are under the [[Traveltrain]] brand. [[QRNational]] operates freight services, as well as [[Pacific National]] and their narrow gauge Pacific National Queensland division.


==History==
==History==
The first railway in Queensland did not actually run to Brisbane, but ran from [[Ipswich, Queensland|Ipswich]] to [[Grandchester, Queensland|Grandchester]]. Opened in July 1865,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.corporate.qr.com.au/history/beginnings/beginnings.asp|title=QR Corporate - QR History - Beginnings|publisher=QR Limited|accessdate=2008-08-16}}</ref> the [[Ipswich railway line, Brisbane|line into Brisbane]] was not completed until the opening of the [[Albert Bridge, Brisbane|Albert Bridge]] in July 1875.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.corporate.qr.com.au/history/building_bush/building_bush.asp|title=QR Corporate - QR History - Building to the bush|publisher=QR Limited|accessdate=2008-08-16}}</ref> Branch lines in the city itself did not start until the next decade, with the [[Shorncliffe_railway_line,_Brisbane|branch line to Sandgate]] opened in May 1882, and the branch from [[Doomben railway line, Brisbane|Eagle Junction to Racecourse]] in September the same year. The [[North Coast railway line, Queensland|North Coast line]] opened to Petrie in 1888.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.corporate.qr.com.au/history/common_carrier/common_carrier.asp|title=QR Corporate - QR History - The common carrier|publisher=QR Limited|accessdate=2008-08-16}}</ref>
The first railway in Queensland did not actually run to Brisbane, but ran from [[Ipswich, Queensland|Ipswich]] to [[Grandchester, Queensland|Grandchester]]. Opened in July 1865,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.corporate.qr.com.au/history/beginnings/beginnings.asp|title=QR Corporate - QR History - Beginnings|publisher=QR Limited|accessdate=2008-08-16}}</ref> the [[Ipswich railway line, Brisbane|line into Brisbane]] was not completed until the opening of the [[Albert Bridge, Brisbane|Albert Bridge]] in July 1875.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.corporate.qr.com.au/history/building_bush/building_bush.asp|title=QR Corporate - QR History - Building to the bush|publisher=QR Limited|accessdate=2008-08-16}}</ref> Branch lines in the city itself did not start until the next decade, with the [[Shorncliffe_railway_line,_Brisbane|branch line to Sandgate]] opened in May 1882, and the branch from [[Doomben railway line, Brisbane|Eagle Junction to Racecourse]] in September the same year. The [[North Coast railway line, Queensland|North Coast line]] opened to Petrie in 1888.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.corporate.qr.com.au/history/common_carrier/common_carrier.asp|title=QR Corporate - QR History - The common carrier|publisher=QR Limited|accessdate=2008-08-16}}</ref>

===Standard vs Narrow gauge===


===Electrification===
===Electrification===
{{Main|Rail electrification in Queensland}}
[[Steam locomotive|Steam operation]] was used on all services, with [[railway electrification system|electrification]] first proposed in 1897 when the Chief Engineer of [[Queensland Rail|Queensland Railways]] was sent to study electrified railways in Europe and America. At the time the technology was cutting edge, but the costs outweighed the benefits, with the capital having a population of just 120,000. Further studies were carried out in 1915, but it was not until three decades later that more investigations were carried out.<ref name=book131>{{cite book | author= Geoffrey B. Churchman | title = Railway Electrification in Australia and New Zealand | publisher = IPL Books | year = 1995 | isbn = 0 646 06893 8 | page = page 131}}</ref>

After World War II the Brisbane suburban network had become run down, and coal shortages were affecting the ability to run regular services. A committee was appointed to investigate, delivering their report in November 1947. It recommended the electrification of the suburban network by 1959 with the 1.5 kV DC system. {{km to mi|num=290|abbr=yes}} of single track including sidings would be involved, covering the lines to Shorncliffe, Yeerongpilly, Ferny Grove, Petrie, Pinkenba and Kingston. The report was adopted in February 1950 and preliminary works started.<ref name=book131 />

However, the General Manager of QR's South Eastern Division decided track amplification was more important, with quadruplication of the line from Corinda to Zillmere given priority. A cutback in load funds in 1952-53 slowed the works further, and a change of state government in 1957 saw the scheme abandoned in 1959. The main legacy of the project was the 112 stainless steel locomotive-hauled [[SX carriage]]s, that were intended to be converted to [[electric multiple unit]]s at a later date. Built by [[Commonwealth Engineering]] between 1961 and 1963, they replaced older wooden stock and were the first stainless steel carriages in suburban traffic,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.corporate.qr.com.au/history/rebuilding/rebuilding.asp|title=QR Corporate - Rebuilding of the railway network - Depression, war and rebuilding of the rail network|publisher=QR Limited|accessdate=2008-08-16}}</ref> a great leap forward for passenger comfort.

In 1965, a transport study recommended the closure of the entire suburban railway network except for an electrified corridor between Darra and Zillmere. In 1970, another study recommended the electrification of the entire network with the 1.5 kV DC system, and the construction of a link between South Brisbane and Roma Street (later realised as the [[Merivale Bridge, Brisbane|Merivale Bridge]]).<ref name=book132>{{cite book | author= Geoffrey B. Churchman | title = Railway Electrification in Australia and New Zealand | publisher = IPL Books | year = 1995 | isbn = 0 646 06893 8 | page = page 132}}</ref>

In 1973, the Federal Government under [[Gough Whitlam]] offered the states a two-third subsidy on approved public passenger transport projects. The Queensland Government announced that it intended to electrify and modernize the Brisbane suburban network, but the Federal funding did not materialise and the state ended up funding the project itself. In 1974, Elrail Consultants and [[Transmark]] were engaged to advise of the design of the system.<ref name=book132 /> Tenders were called in 1975 for the electrifying of <!-- &nbsp; STOPS ISOLATING UNITS FROM FIGURES --> 150&nbsp;route&nbsp;kilometers (93&nbsp;mi) (250&nbsp;single&nbsp;track&nbsp;kilometers (155&nbsp;mi)) of lines.

As well as stringing overhead wire, room needed to be made for the overhead, and track amplification was also carried out. A new four-track capable tunnel was built between Brunswick Street (now [[Fortitude Valley railway station, Brisbane|Fortitude Valley]]) and [[Bowen Hills railway station, Brisbane|Bowen Hills]] stations, and between Central and Fortitude Valley, and Central and Roma Street the tunnel floors needed to be lowered. A new operations centre was opened at [[Bowen Hills, Queensland|Mayne]] and the city sections of the network were [[railway signalling|resignalled]].<ref name=book132 /> A [[Overpass|flyover]] was built at Mayne to permit the Ferny Grove line to diverge without conflicts, and to serve the new electric car sidings. Work was also started on the [[Merivale Bridge, Brisbane|Merivale Bridge]] to link the two halves of the network, split by the [[Brisbane River]].<ref name=book132 /> The Petrie to Caboolture section of railway was rebuilt with five deviations to permit 100 km/h running speeds over the entire line, with similar deviation works carried out for the line to Beenleigh.<ref name=book135>{{cite book | author= Geoffrey B. Churchman | title = Railway Electrification in Australia and New Zealand | publisher = IPL Books | year = 1995 | isbn = 0 646 06893 8 | page = page 135}}</ref>

[[Image:QREMU65.JPG|thumb|[[Queensland Rail|QR]] [[Electric Multiple Unit (Citytrain)|EMU65]] at [[Nambour railway station, Queensland|Nambour station]]]]
Work begun on string wires on 16 May 1977, where a ceremony for the digging of the first post hole was carried out at [[Ferny Grove railway station, Brisbane|Ferny Grove railway station]]. The Ferny Grove to Darra section of line was chosen to be first due to the steep gradients and frequent stops.<ref name=book133>{{cite book | author= Geoffrey B. Churchman | title = Railway Electrification in Australia and New Zealand | publisher = IPL Books | year = 1995 | isbn = 0 646 06893 8 | page = page 133}}</ref> The contract for the trains themselves was let awarded in 1977 to a consortium of Walkers of Maryborough and [[Asea]] of Sweden. Known simply as [[Electric Multiple Unit (Citytrain)|EMUs]], their acceleration of <!-- &nbsp; STOPS ISOLATING UNITS FROM FIGURES --> 0.75&nbsp;[[metre per second squared|m/s²]] (2.46&nbsp;ft/s²) and braking of 1.0&nbsp;m/s² (3.28&nbsp;ft/s²) enabled an all-stops train to operate a Ferny Grove service in 25 minutes, an eight minute saving over diesel-hauled services.<ref name=book133 />

On 8 May 1979, the first section of the new system was energized, from Roma Street to Corinda to permit testing and driver training. On November 17 the same year, the Darra - Ferny Grove was officially opened.<ref name=ongoing>{{cite web | url = http://www.corporate.qr.com.au/history/ongoing_investment/ongoing_investment.asp | title = QR Corporate - Modern competitive railway | publisher = QR Limited | accessdate = 2008-08-16 }}</ref> Only four three-car sets were available for traffic at the time. Commissioning of the remainder of the network was as follows:<ref name=book133 />

* 19 November 1979: Darra to Ferny Grove and Mayne Depot
* 20 September 1980: Darra to Ipswich
* 3 March 1982: Roma Street to Fortitude Valley (via Normanby and city relief line)
* 18 September 1982: Bowen Hills to Shorncliffe, Roma Street to Kingston, Corinda to Yeerongpilly (down line only)
* 23 April 1983: Northgate to Petrie
* 15 October 1983: Park Road and Dutton Park to Thornside
* 3 November 1984: Kingston to Beenleigh, Yeernongpilly to Corinda (up line), Indooroopilly to Chelmer (via main lines)
* 28 June 1986: Petrie to Caboolture
* 26 July 1986: Thornside to Wellington Point
* 24 October 1987: Wellington Point to Cleveland
* 6 February 1988: Eagle Junction to Airport (Eagle Farm)

The Roma Street to Mayne connection via Normanby enabled the operation of electric trains to the 1982 Brisbane Exhibition. The line to Yeerongpilly enabled the operation of trains between Sunnybank and Ipswich for the [[1982 Commonwealth Games]].<ref name=book133 />

Other than electrifying existing lines, the line from [[Lota railway station, Brisbane|Lota station]] was extended {{km to mi|num=3|abbr=yes}} to Thorneside in 1982, then another {{km to mi|num=12|abbr=yes}} to Cleveland in 1987. Despite the coming of electric trains, the diesel hauled services continued, such as the train to Pinkenba which continued beyond the end of the wires on the [[Doomben railway line, Brisbane|Doomben line]] until September 1993.<ref name=book135 />

In 1983, the State Government promised to investigate the reconstruction of the [[Gold Coast railway line, Queensland|Gold Coast railway]] as far as Robina, but it was not until 1991 that work was actually given the go-ahead.<ref name=book136>{{cite book | author= Geoffrey B. Churchman | title = Railway Electrification in Australia and New Zealand | publisher = IPL Books | year = 1995 | isbn = 0 646 06893 8 | page = page 136}}</ref>


===Passenger services===
===Passenger services===

Revision as of 14:52, 3 July 2010

Brisbane, the capital city of the Australian state of Queensland, has a network of suburban railways that carry commuters, long distance passengers, and freight. Suburban and interurban passenger services are operated under the Citytrain brand of QR Limited, while long distance trains are under the Traveltrain brand. QRNational operates freight services, as well as Pacific National and their narrow gauge Pacific National Queensland division.

History

The first railway in Queensland did not actually run to Brisbane, but ran from Ipswich to Grandchester. Opened in July 1865,[1] the line into Brisbane was not completed until the opening of the Albert Bridge in July 1875.[2] Branch lines in the city itself did not start until the next decade, with the branch line to Sandgate opened in May 1882, and the branch from Eagle Junction to Racecourse in September the same year. The North Coast line opened to Petrie in 1888.[3]

Electrification

Main article: Rail electrification in Queensland

Passenger services

Suburban and interurban passenger services are operated under the Citytrain brand of QR, and are co-ordinated by TransLink. Long distance passenger services operate from Roma Street around the state under the Traveltrain brand, while an interstate service to Sydney is operated by New South Wales operator CountryLink using their XPT fleet.

In a city with a population of 2 million, passenger traffic on the suburban network doubled in the 10 years from 1979 to 1989 to reach 50 million journey a year in 1989, and by 1992 it had increased by another 10%.[4]

Freight

QRNational operates the majority of freight services on both the standard and narrow gauges, with Pacific National on the standard gauge and their narrow gauge Pacific National Queensland division also operating services.

The main rail freight terminal is in the southern Brisbane suburb of Acacia Ridge, located off the Beenleigh suburban line at the northern end of the Sydney-Brisbane rail corridor. A freight line was opened from Acacia Ridge to Fishermans Island and the Port of Brisbane in 1980,[5] running alongside the Beenleigh line from Salisbury to Dutton Park, then follows the Cleveland line to Lindum. Dual gauge access on the line was promised by the Federal Fraser Government in 1983, but it was not until 1997 that the work was carried out, eliminating the break-of-gauge and enabling trains to run direct from the port across the New South Wales border.[6]

Approximately four million tonnes of freight is moved from outside South East Queensland to points within it; 1.1 million tonnes was to interstate destinations. One of the largest internal traffic flows is the movement of coal along the Western Line to the Swanbank Power Station and the Port of Brisbane.[7]

The Fisherman Islands intermodal terminal was opened in 1994.[5] Other rail freight terminals have been located at South Brisbane, Park Road, Yeerongpilly, Clapham, and Salisbury.[8]

Duplication

Oxley station's new platform and track (left)

To increase the capacity on a number of lines the rail network in Brisbane has required some tracks to be duplicated. In June 2004, Queensland Government announced rail duplication of the Gold Coast line between Ormeau station to Coomera station.Cite error: The <ref> tag has too many names (see the help page). Between 2008 and 2010 work was carried out to duplicate the tracks between Darra and Corinda stations. Work included a link to the new Springfield railway line and upgrades to Oxley station and Darra station.[9]

Airtrain

The first Brisbane Airport rail line, named Airtrain, officially opened to passengers in May 2001.[10] Under a BOOT scheme - build, own, operate and transfer - the Queensland Government licensed Airtrain Citylink to build the rail line, to own and operate it, and hand the entire infrastructure over to the Queensland Government after 35 years when the company will then cease to exist.[10][11] Airtrain Citylink contracted Transfield Services to build, operate and maintain the line[10] and finally Airtrain Citylink contracted QR to provide rolling stock for the rail line[12].

Gold Coast line extension

In July 2007, Queensland Government announced the rail extension for the Gold Coast line.[13] The first stage - which was completed in 2009[14] - will take the line to Varsity Lakes[13]. Later stages will take the line to Tallebudgera[13].

Further reading

References

  1. ^ "QR Corporate - QR History - Beginnings". QR Limited. Retrieved 2008-08-16.
  2. ^ "QR Corporate - QR History - Building to the bush". QR Limited. Retrieved 2008-08-16.
  3. ^ "QR Corporate - QR History - The common carrier". QR Limited. Retrieved 2008-08-16.
  4. ^ Geoffrey B. Churchman (1995). Railway Electrification in Australia and New Zealand. IPL Books. p. page 136. ISBN 0 646 06893 8. {{cite book}}: |page= has extra text (help)
  5. ^ a b "QR Corporate - Modern competitive railway". www.corporate.qr.com.au. Retrieved 2008-08-16. Cite error: The named reference "ongoing" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  6. ^ Philip Laird (page 191). "Australia's gauge muddle and prospects". Back on Track: Rethinking Transport Policy in Australia and New Zealand. UNSW Press. ISBN 086840411X. Retrieved 2008-08-16. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
  7. ^ "4.3 SEQ Rail Freight Task". South East Queensland Intermodal Freight Terminal Study. Queensland Transport. Retrieved 2008-08-16.
  8. ^ Bureau of Transport Economics (February 1974). "Development of a Rail Freight Terminal at Acacia Ridge". Bureau of Infrastructure, Transport and Regional Economics. Retrieved 2008-08-16.
  9. ^ "Corinda to Darra Rail Upgrade: Overview". QR Network. Retrieved 25 March 2010.
  10. ^ a b c "Transfield - Current Activities - Brisbane Airtrain". Retrieved 25 March 2010.
  11. ^ "Extra Rollingstock for Airtrain Services". Retrieved 25 March 2010.
  12. ^ a b c "State Government makes tracks from Robina to Varsity Lake". Retrieved 25 March 2010.
  13. ^ "Gold Coast rail extension opens six months ahead of schedule". Retrieved 25 March 2010.
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