Cajamarca

This article is about the city of Cajamarca. For other uses, see Cajamarca (disambiguation)

Cajamarca
Top: Santa Apolonia viewpoint, top right:Cumbe Mayo stone forest ,Middle right:the beautiful cathedral of Cajamarca , Bottom Los Baños del Inca District. Top: Santa Apolonia viewpoint, top right:Cumbe Mayo stone forest ,Middle right:the beautiful cathedral of Cajamarca , Bottom Los Baños del Inca District.
Flag Coat of arms
Country	Peru
Region	Cajamarca Region
Province	Cajamarca Province
Founded	19 December 1802
Government
• Mayor	Ramiro Bardales Vigo
Elevation	2,750 m (9,020 ft)
Population
• Total	216 757
• Metro density	40.79/km2 (105.6/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC-5 (PET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC-5 (PET)
Area code	76
Website	http://www.cajamarcaperu.com/ http://www.municaj.gob.pe/

Cajamarca (Spanish pronunciation: [kaxaˈmaɾka]) is located in the northern highlands of Peru and is the capital of the Cajamarca region. It is approximately 2,700 m (8,900 ft) above sea level and has a population of about 217,000 people. Cajamarca has an equatorial climate so it is mild, dry and sunny, which creates very fertile soil. The city is well-known for its cheeses and dairy products. Cajamarca is also known for its churches, and hot springs, or Inca Baths. There are also several active mining sites in surrounding areas. Most of all, Peruvians remember Cajamarca as the place where the Inca Empire came to an end; the Battle of Cajamarca and the capture, abuse, and murder of the Incan emperor Atahualpa took place here.

History

The origin of the city goes back over 2000 years. Traces of pre-Chavín cultures can be seen in surrounding archaeological sites such as Cumbe Mayo and Kuntur Wasi. During the period between 1463 and 1471, Tupac Inca conquered the area and brought Cajamarca into the Tawantinsuyu, or Inca Empire, which at the time was still being ruled by Tupac's father Pachacuti.

Street in Cajamarca

Cajamarca's place in history is secured by the events of 1532. Atahualpa had beaten his brother Huáscar in a battle for the Inca throne in Quito. On his way to Cusco to claim the throne with his army of 80,000 soldiers, he stopped at Cajamarca. Francisco Pizarro and his 168 soldiers met Atahualpa here after weeks of marching from Piura. Fernando de Soto and friar Vicente de Valverde delivered the "Requerimiento". Atahualpa refused, effectively giving Pizarro the excuse to declare the Inca an enemy of the Church and Spain. Audaciously, the Spanish Conquistadors captured Atahualpa in the Battle of Cajamarca, massacring several thousand unarmed Inca civilians and soldiers.

Once the Spanish had Atahualpa, they held him captive in Cajamarca's main temple. They were able to convince Atahualpa's generals not to attack by threatening to kill their king if they did. But the Conquistadors were also trapped, with only a small force. Atahualpa at first did not fully understand the intentions of the Spanish conquistadors, yet he offered them a ransom for his freedom. The Inca emperor offered Pizarro a room filled with gold and twice over with silver, within two months. The Spanish were pleased by this offer, but never intended to release Atahualpa.

This room became known as El Cuarto del Rescate, or "The Ransom Room". Tourists to Cajamarca can see a room by this name in Cajamarca, but most likely the room was Atahualpa's cell, not his ransom room. In the end Atahualpa had misjudged the Conquistadors; after they had the ransom, they executed him.

Central Plaza

In 1986 the Organization of American States declared Cajamarca a Historical and Cultural Heritage of the Americas.

Geography

Climate

The climate in Cajamarca is subtropical highland (Cwb, according to the Köppen climate classification).

Cajamarca
Climate chart (explanation)
J F M A M J J A S O N D     84     22 7     96     21 7     110     21 7     80     21 6     35     22 5     7     21 3     6.3     21 3     11     22 4     33     22 5     82     22 6     73     22 6     73     22 6 █ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C █ Precipitation totals in mm Source: World Weather Organization
Imperial conversion J F M A M J J A S O N D     3.3     71 44     3.8     70 44     4.3     70 44     3.2     70 43     1.4     71 40     0.3     71 38     0.2     71 38     0.4     71 38     1.3     71 41     3.2     71 43     2.9     71 42     2.9     72 43 █ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F █ Precipitation totals in inches

Education

Cajamarca is home to two universities. The National University of Cajamarca is a public university while Universidad Privada Antonio Guillermo Urrelo is a private one, additionally another 4 universities have branches in town Universidad Antenor Orrego, Universidad San Pedro, Universidad Alas Peruanas, Universidad Los Angeles, Universidad Privada del Norte. Cajamarca is also home of one of the oldest high schools in the country: Colegio San Ramon. Some of the largest, most important schools include Marcelino Champagnat, Cristo Rey, Santa Teresita, and Juan XXIII.

Transportation

Cajamarca is served by the My. Gral. FAP. Armando Revoredo Iglesias Airport. Cajamarca is also serviced by major bus lines, like Transportes Linea and Cruz del Sur.

A railway to connect mines in the region to a Pacific Ocean port is proposed.

Culture

Cajamarca is home to the annual celebration of Carnaval, a time when the city's citizens and Peruvians from all over the north of the country come together to celebrate the beginning of Lent. Revelers celebrate Carnaval through parades and pageants, and also through the throwing of paint and water on pedestrians.

Further reading

• Conquest of the Incas. John Hemming, 1973.

See also

• Spanish conquest of Peru
• Yanacocha

External links

• Template:Wikitravel
• Cajamarca map
• Cajamarca information, photos and travel
• Miracle Village International a charity that works in Cajamarca with
• Villa Milagro
• Davy College
• MSN Map
• Illuminating Distinction: Rural Modernization and the Invention of the Countryside in Cajamarca, Perú Senior Thesis on ITDG-Soluciones Prácticas and the European Union's project in providing solar panels to local centro educativo

Cajamarca (Perú)