Defence Day: Difference between revisions
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==Indo-Pakisani war of 1965== |
==Indo-Pakisani war of 1965== |
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{{main|Indo-Pakistani War of 1965}} |
{{main|Indo-Pakistani War of 1965}} |
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On August 5, 1965 between 26,000 and 33,000 Pakistani soldiers crossed the [[Line of Control]] dressed as Kashmiri locals headed for various areas within Kashmir. Indian forces, tipped off by the local populace, crossed the cease fire line on August 15.<ref name=globalsecurity /> |
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On 6 September, both countries openly went to war following a series of minor skirmishes that preceded the 6th, when Pakistan was attacked by India from the Lahore-Burki sector during the dead of night (at 5 am). The war began following Pakistan's [[Operation Gibraltar]], which was designed to infiltrate forces into Jammu and Kashmir to precipitate an insurgency against rule by India. The five-week war caused thousands of casualties on both sides. It ended in a United Nations (UN) mandated ceasefire and the subsequent issuance of the [[Tashkent Declaration]]. It must be mentioned that India went to the UN for ceasefire, the war affected both countries financially. |
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[[image:Pakistani troops Kemkaran 1.jpg|thumb|left|Commander-in-Chief [[Pakistan Army]], General [[Muhammad Musa]] visiting the captured [[Khemkaran]] Railway Station, [[India]]]] |
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Pakistan and India, both countries fought that war for the issue of Kashmir but this issue remained unsolved. A lot of people lost their lives from both countries and a lot of weapons were used. At last on 6 September, this war was ended with the support of UN, with Pakistan dominating.<ref>http://www.nation.com.pk/pakistan-news-newspaper-daily-english-online/Opinions/Editorials/06-Sep-2011/Defence-Day</ref>{{dl|date=February 2012}}{{rs|date=February 2012}} |
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Initially, the Indian Army met with considerable success, capturing three important mountain positions after a prolonged artillery barrage. By the end of August, however, both sides had relative progress; Pakistan had made progress in areas such as [[Tithwal]], [[Uri (India)|Uri]] and [[Poonch]] and India had captured the [[Haji Pir Pass]], 8 km into Pakistan-occupied Kashmir. |
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On 1 September 1965, Pakistan launched a counterattack, called [[Operation Grand Slam]], with the objective to capture the vital town of [[Akhnoor]] in [[Jammu and Kashmir|Jammu]], which would sever communications and cut off supply routes to Indian troops. Ayub Khan calculated that "Hindu morale" (as he called Indian Army) won't stand more than two hard attacks at the right time and place;<ref name="Underestimating India">{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/underestimating-india/512676/0 |title=Underestimating India |publisher=Indian Express |date=2009-09-04 |accessdate=2011-12-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.carnegieendowment.org/publications/index.cfm?fa=view&id=1427 |title=Pakistan’s Endgame in Kashmir - Carnegie Endowment for International Peace |publisher=Carnegieendowment.org |date= |accessdate=2011-12-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=812 |title=Indian Air Force :: Flight of the Falcon |publisher=Bharat-rakshak.com |date=2010-08-28 |accessdate=2011-12-21}}</ref> although by this time Operation Gibraltar had failed, as per his biographer Altaf Gauhar and India had captured the Haji Pir Pass.<ref name="Underestimating India"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.defence.pk/forums/military-history/33329-1965-last-chance-get-kashmir-force-bhutto.html |title=1965 - last chance to get Kashmir by force - Bhutto |publisher=Defence.pk |date= |accessdate=2011-12-21}}</ref> Attacking with an overwhelming ratio of troops and technically superior tanks, Pakistan made gains against Indian forces, who were caught unprepared and suffered heavy losses. India responded by calling in its [[Indian Air Force|air force]] to blunt the Pakistani attack. The next day, Pakistan retaliated, its [[Pakistan Air Force|air force]] attacked Indian forces and air bases in both [[Kashmir]] and [[Punjab, Indian|Punjab]]. India's decision to open up the theater of attack into Pakistani Punjab forced the Pakistani army to relocate troops engaged in the operation to defend Punjab. Operation Grand Slam therefore failed, as the Pakistan Army was unable to capture Akhnoor; it became one of the turning points in the war when India decided to relieve pressure on its troops in Kashmir by attacking Pakistan further south. |
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[[Image:Brig.Hari Singh at Barkee Capture.jpg|right|thumb|Lt. Col. [[Hari Singh (soldier)|Hari Singh]] of the India's [[Indian 1st Armoured Division|18th Cavalry]] posing outside a captured Pakistani police station (Barkee) in Lahore District.]] |
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{{anchor|Battle of Ichhogil Canal}}India crossed the [[International Border]] on the Western front on September 6, marking an official beginning of the war.<ref name=storyofpakistan /> |
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The day of 6 September starts with special prayers for the peace and prosperity of Pakistan. President and Prime Minister and many ministers of Islamic Republic of Pakistan address on 6 September from special functions of Defence Day.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/246189/defence-day-soldiers-honoured-46-years-on/ |title=Defence Day: Soldiers honoured 46 years on – The Express Tribune |publisher=Tribune.com.pk |date= |accessdate=2012-01-01}}</ref> |
The day of 6 September starts with special prayers for the peace and prosperity of Pakistan. President and Prime Minister and many ministers of Islamic Republic of Pakistan address on 6 September from special functions of Defence Day.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/246189/defence-day-soldiers-honoured-46-years-on/ |title=Defence Day: Soldiers honoured 46 years on – The Express Tribune |publisher=Tribune.com.pk |date= |accessdate=2012-01-01}}</ref> |
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| Defence Day | |
|---|---|
 Two JF-17 Thunder aircraft in an airshow. | |
| Also called | Youm-e-Difa |
| Observed by |  Pakistan |
| Type | National |
| Celebrations | Flag hoisting, Parade, Military exhibitions, award ceremonies, singing patriotic songs, entertainment and military programmes, speeches, etc. |
| Date | September 6 |
Defence Day (Urdu: یوم دفاع or Youm-e-Difa) is celebrated in Pakistan as a national day[1] on 6 September[2] in memory of those who died in the Indo-Pakistani war of 1965 and successful defence of Lahore, Sialkot and other important areas of the country.
Indo-Pakisani war of 1965
On August 5, 1965 between 26,000 and 33,000 Pakistani soldiers crossed the Line of Control dressed as Kashmiri locals headed for various areas within Kashmir. Indian forces, tipped off by the local populace, crossed the cease fire line on August 15.[3]
Initially, the Indian Army met with considerable success, capturing three important mountain positions after a prolonged artillery barrage. By the end of August, however, both sides had relative progress; Pakistan had made progress in areas such as Tithwal, Uri and Poonch and India had captured the Haji Pir Pass, 8 km into Pakistan-occupied Kashmir.
On 1 September 1965, Pakistan launched a counterattack, called Operation Grand Slam, with the objective to capture the vital town of Akhnoor in Jammu, which would sever communications and cut off supply routes to Indian troops. Ayub Khan calculated that "Hindu morale" (as he called Indian Army) won't stand more than two hard attacks at the right time and place;[4][5][6] although by this time Operation Gibraltar had failed, as per his biographer Altaf Gauhar and India had captured the Haji Pir Pass.[4][7] Attacking with an overwhelming ratio of troops and technically superior tanks, Pakistan made gains against Indian forces, who were caught unprepared and suffered heavy losses. India responded by calling in its air force to blunt the Pakistani attack. The next day, Pakistan retaliated, its air force attacked Indian forces and air bases in both Kashmir and Punjab. India's decision to open up the theater of attack into Pakistani Punjab forced the Pakistani army to relocate troops engaged in the operation to defend Punjab. Operation Grand Slam therefore failed, as the Pakistan Army was unable to capture Akhnoor; it became one of the turning points in the war when India decided to relieve pressure on its troops in Kashmir by attacking Pakistan further south.
India crossed the International Border on the Western front on September 6, marking an official beginning of the war.[8]
The day of 6 September starts with special prayers for the peace and prosperity of Pakistan. President and Prime Minister and many ministers of Islamic Republic of Pakistan address on 6 September from special functions of Defence Day.[9]
Notable decorations
Army officers like Captain Sarwar Shaheed, Major Tufail Shaheed, Major Raja Aziz Bhatti Shaheed, Major Shabbir Sharif Shaheed, Major Muhammad Akram Shaheed, Sawar Muhammad HussainShaheed, Lance Naik Muhammad Mehfooz Shaheed,and Havildar Lalak Jan Shaheed gave sacrifices of their life and were awarded with "Nishan-e-Haider" for their acts of exceptional bravery. Nishan-e-Haider is a highest military award given to brave martyres of Pakistan army those who left remarkable examples of bravery and sacrifice for nation and country.[10]
Celebrations and parade
Army of Pakistan displays the latest missiles, tanks, guns, army aviation helicopters and armament being used by Engineers, Electrical and Mechanical Corps, Army Air Defence, Signals, Army Service Corps and Army Medical Corps live on various places. Everyone is allowed to watch such functions live by going to the specific places. These shows are displayed on national channels as well. National songs and special documents about 6 September 1965 and martyred people of 6 September are displayed on TV. It is told to people how people gave sacrifices for the defense of the country and what is the responsibility of young generation now.
An environment of patriotic passion is generated nation wide on Defense Day. Everyone makes decision to work significantly for the progress of country so that the Independence that was earned by the sacrifices of millions of lives be well protected and the unity of the nation could be further strengthened.
References
- ^ "Pakistan Army". Pakistan Army. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
- ^ "6th September - Defence Day of Pakistan". Asian-women-magazine.com. 6 September 1965. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
globalsecuritywas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b "Underestimating India". Indian Express. 4 September 2009. Retrieved 21 December 2011.
- ^ "Pakistan's Endgame in Kashmir - Carnegie Endowment for International Peace". Carnegieendowment.org. Retrieved 21 December 2011.
- ^ "Indian Air Force :: Flight of the Falcon". Bharat-rakshak.com. 28 August 2010. Retrieved 21 December 2011.
- ^ "1965 - last chance to get Kashmir by force - Bhutto". Defence.pk. Retrieved 21 December 2011.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
storyofpakistanwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Defence Day: Soldiers honoured 46 years on – The Express Tribune". Tribune.com.pk. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
- ^ AFP. "Pakistan's 46th Defence Day | Multimedia". Dawn.Com. Retrieved 1 January 2012.