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| derivatives =
| derivatives =
| subgenrelist = List of trance genres
| subgenrelist = List of trance genres
| subgenres = [[Acid trance|Acid]]<ref name="compositionfor">Hewitt, Michael (2009). ''Composition for Computer Musicians''. Knoxville, Tennessee: Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-1-59863-861-5: p. 9</ref>, [[Balearic trance|Balearic]], [[Euro-Trance|Euro]]<ref name="compositionfor" />, [[Goa trance|Goa]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Goa Trance|url=http://www.allmusic.com/style/goa-trance-ma0000011977|publisher=[[Allmusic]]|accessdate=9 July 2012}}</ref>, [[Hard trance|Hard]]<ref name="compositionfor" />, [[Progressive trance|Progressive]]<ref name="compositionfor" />, [[Psychedelic trance|Psychedelic]], [[Tech trance|Tech]]<ref name="compositionfor" />, [[Uplifting trance|Uplifting]]<ref name="compositionfor" />, [[Vocal trance|Vocal]]<ref name="compositionfor" />
| subgenres = [[Acid trance|Acid]]<ref name="compositionfor">Hewitt, Michael (2009). ''Composition for Computer Musicians''. Knoxville, Tennessee: Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-1-59863-861-5: p. 9</ref>, [[Balearic trance|Balearic]], [[Dark trance|Dark]], [[Euro-Trance|Euro]]<ref name="compositionfor" />, [[Goa trance|Goa]]<ref name="amg_goa">{{cite web|title=Goa Trance|url=http://www.allmusic.com/style/goa-trance-ma0000011977|publisher=[[Allmusic]]|accessdate=9 July 2012}}</ref>, [[Hard trance|Hard]]<ref name="compositionfor" />, [[Progressive trance|Progressive]]<ref name="compositionfor" />, [[Psychedelic trance|Psychedelic]], [[Tech trance|Tech]]<ref name="compositionfor" />, [[Uplifting trance|Uplifting]]<ref name="compositionfor" />, [[Vocal trance|Vocal]]<ref name="compositionfor" />
| regional_scenes =
| regional_scenes =
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==History==<!-- This section is linked from [[Electronic music]] -->
==History==<!-- This section is linked from [[Electronic music]] -->


===Origin===
===Origins===


[[Germany]] is the birthplace of trance music,<ref name="snomanmanual" /> with the original melodic sound first appearing around 1993 in Frankfurt.<ref name="tranceexperience" />
[[Germany]] is regarded as the birthplace of trance music,<ref name="snomanmanual" /> with the original melodic trance sound first appearing around 1993 in [[Frankfurt]].<ref name="tranceexperience" />


The origin of the term is uncertain; one theory suggests that the term is derived from the [[Klaus Schulze]] album ''[[Trancefer]]'' (1981) or the early trance act [[Dance 2 Trance]].{{fact|date=July 2012}} Other schools of thought argue the name may refer to an induced emotional feeling, high, euphoria, chills, or [[Uplifting Trance|uplifting rush]] listeners claim to experience, while other suggestions trace the name to the actual trance-like states the earliest forms of the music attempted to emulate in the 1990s before the genre's focus changed.<ref name="snomanmanual" />
The origin of the term is uncertain; one theory suggests that the term is derived from the [[Klaus Schulze]] album ''[[Trancefer]]'' (1981) or the early trance act [[Dance 2 Trance]].{{fact|date=July 2012}} Other schools of thought argue the name may refer to an induced emotional feeling, high, euphoria, chills, or [[Uplifting Trance|uplifting rush]] listeners claim to experience, while other suggestions trace the name to the actual trance-like states the earliest forms of the music attempted to emulate in the 1990s before the genre's focus changed.<ref name="snomanmanual" />


Some trace trance's antecedents back to [[Klaus Schulze]], a German experimental electronic music artist who concentrated on blending [[minimalist music]] with repetitive rhythms and arpeggiated sounds.{{fact|date=February 2012}} In France, [[Jean Michel Jarre]], an early electronic musician,<ref name="Pioneer of one of the fastest growing trends in the industry today: electronic music">{{cite web|url=http://www.jeanmicheljarre.com/media/biography |title=: Jean Michel Jarre Official Website :: Biography :: Biography : |publisher=Jeanmicheljarre.com |date= |accessdate=2011-05-26}}</ref> released two albums in the late 1970s: [[Oxygène]] in 1976 and [[Equinoxe]] in 1978.{{fact|date=February 2012}} Also a possible antecedent, [[Neil Young]]'s 1982 electronic album, [[Trans (album)|''Trans'']], bears a resemblance to the trance music genre.<ref name="GKL">{{Cite journal| last=Lundin|first=Glen |title=Trans |journal=Indy Rock News |year=1999 |month=Feb |volume=2 |issue=2 |location=[[Indianapolis]] |work=Rehab |quote=[It's] hard to ignore the likeness in timbre, texture, tenor, and name of [[Trans (album)|''Trans'' album]] and trance|ref=}}</ref>
Some trace trance's antecedents back to [[Klaus Schulze]], a German experimental electronic music artist who concentrated on blending [[minimalist music]] with repetitive rhythms and arpeggiated sounds.{{fact|date=February 2012}} In France, [[Jean Michel Jarre]], an early electronic musician,<ref name="Pioneer of one of the fastest growing trends in the industry today: electronic music">{{cite web|url=http://www.jeanmicheljarre.com/media/biography |title=: Jean Michel Jarre Official Website :: Biography :: Biography : |publisher=Jeanmicheljarre.com |date= |accessdate=2011-05-26}}</ref> released two albums in the late 1970s: [[Oxygène]] in 1976 and [[Equinoxe]] in 1978.{{fact|date=February 2012}} Also a possible antecedent, [[Neil Young]]'s 1982 electronic album, [[Trans (album)|''Trans'']], bears a resemblance to the trance music genre.<ref name="GKL">{{Cite journal| last=Lundin|first=Glen |title=Trans |journal=Indy Rock News |year=1999 |month=Feb |volume=2 |issue=2 |location=[[Indianapolis]] |work=Rehab |quote=[It's] hard to ignore the likeness in timbre, texture, tenor, and name of [[Trans (album)|''Trans'' album]] and trance|ref=}}</ref> Another possible antecedent is [[Yuzo Koshiro]]'s [[Discography of the Streets of Rage series|electronic soundtracks]] for the ''[[Streets of Rage (series)|Streets of Rage]]'' series of [[video game]]s from 1991 to 1994.<ref name="gradar_sor2">{{cite web|last=McNeilly|first=Joe|title=Game music of the day: Streets of Rage 2|url=http://www.gamesradar.com/game-music-of-the-day-streets-of-rage-2/|publisher=[[GamesRadar]]|accessdate=28 July 2012|date=April 19, 2010}}</ref><ref name="square_sor2_ryan">{{cite web|title=Streets of Rage 2 Original Soundtrack (US): Review|url=http://www.squareenixmusic.com/reviews/ryan/streetsofrage2.shtml|publisher=Square Enix Music Online|accessdate=7 August 2012|author=Ryan}}</ref><ref name="mean_sor3">{{cite web|title=Streets of Rage 3 review - Sega Megadrive|url=http://www.meanmachinesmag.co.uk/review/411/streets-of-rage-3.php|work=[[Mean Machines]]|accessdate=1 August 2012}}</ref>


Examples of early Trance releases include but are not limited to German duo [[Jam & Spoon]]'s 1992 12" Single remix of the 1900 song The Age Of Love.<ref name="arminbiography" />, German duo [[Dance 2 Trance]]'s 1990 track "We Came in Peace".<ref name="snomanmanual" />
Examples of early Trance releases include but are not limited to German duo [[Jam & Spoon]]'s 1992 12" Single remix of the 1900 song The Age Of Love.<ref name="arminbiography" />, German duo [[Dance 2 Trance]]'s 1990 track "We Came in Peace".<ref name="snomanmanual" />


As for the roots of contemporary trance{{fact|date=May 2012}}, some<ref name="arminbiography" /> trace it to [[Paul van Dyk]]'s 1993 remix of Humate's 'Love Stimulation'.<ref name="arminbiography" />. In subsequent years, one genre, vocal trance, arose as the combination of progressive elements and pop music<ref name="tranceexperience" />, and the development of another subgenre, epic trance, had some of its origins in classical music.<ref name="tranceexperience" />, with film music also being influential.<ref name="djskillsguide" />
As for the roots of contemporary trance{{fact|date=May 2012}}, some<ref name="arminbiography" /> trace it to [[Paul van Dyk]]'s 1993 remix of Humate's 'Love Stimulation'.<ref name="arminbiography" />. In subsequent years, one genre, vocal trance, arose as the combination of progressive elements and pop music<ref name="tranceexperience" />, and the development of another subgenre, epic trance, had some of its origins in classical music.<ref name="tranceexperience" />, with film music also being influential.<ref name="djskillsguide" />

===Psychedelic trance===
{{main|Psychedelic trance|Goa trance}}

During the early 1990s, [[Goa trance]] broke away from the "[[Germanic peoples|Teutonic]] bent" of [[Euro-trance]] and "carried the torch for trance during the rest of the decade." The presence of [[Lysergic acid diethylamide|LSD]] on the Goa scene resulted in a more [[psychedelic music|psychedelic]] version of trance that embraced [[Music of India|Indian music]] and [[Culture of India|culture]].<ref name="amg_goa"/>


==Production==
==Production==

Revision as of 16:10, 7 August 2012

Trance
Stylistic originsHouse[1]
Acid house[2]
Techno[3]
Pop music[3]
Chill-out[3]
Classical music[3][4]
Film music[4]
Cultural originsEarly 1990s, Germany[5][3]
Typical instrumentsSynthesizer, Keyboard, Drum machine, Sequencer, Sampler, DAW, Roland JP-8000
Subgenres
Acid[6], Balearic, Dark, Euro[6], Goa[7], Hard[6], Progressive[6], Psychedelic, Tech[6], Uplifting[6], Vocal[6]
(complete list)
Other topics
Raves - Glowsticking

Trance is a genre of electronic dance music that developed in the 1990s[5] that seeks to evoke ethereal, trance-like qualities in listeners and dancers.[citation needed] It is characterized by a tempo of between 125 and 150 beats per minute,[5] repeating melodic phrases[5], and a musical form that builds up and down throughout a track[5]. It is a combination of many forms of sound such as techno,[3] house[1], pop[3], chill-out,[3] classical music,[3]:16[4] and film music[4]. It developed first in Frankfurt, Germany, then later spread across the world, with particularly well-known scenes in the resort cities of Ibiza and Goa.[citation needed]

Trance employs aural dynamics to a great degree: A characteristic of virtually all trance songs is the soft mid-song breakdown[3][5], beginning with and occurring after the orchestration is broken down and the rhythm tracks fade out rapidly, leaving the melody and/or atmospherics to stand alone for anywhere from a few seconds to a few minutes. When vocals are present in trance, they are generally sung by a female with a soaring, operatic voice ranging from mezzo-soprano to soprano, best described as "ethereal female leads floating amongst the synths"[8].

History

Origins

Germany is regarded as the birthplace of trance music,[5] with the original melodic trance sound first appearing around 1993 in Frankfurt.[3]

The origin of the term is uncertain; one theory suggests that the term is derived from the Klaus Schulze album Trancefer (1981) or the early trance act Dance 2 Trance.[citation needed] Other schools of thought argue the name may refer to an induced emotional feeling, high, euphoria, chills, or uplifting rush listeners claim to experience, while other suggestions trace the name to the actual trance-like states the earliest forms of the music attempted to emulate in the 1990s before the genre's focus changed.[5]

Some trace trance's antecedents back to Klaus Schulze, a German experimental electronic music artist who concentrated on blending minimalist music with repetitive rhythms and arpeggiated sounds.[citation needed] In France, Jean Michel Jarre, an early electronic musician,[9] released two albums in the late 1970s: Oxygène in 1976 and Equinoxe in 1978.[citation needed] Also a possible antecedent, Neil Young's 1982 electronic album, Trans, bears a resemblance to the trance music genre.[10] Another possible antecedent is Yuzo Koshiro's electronic soundtracks for the Streets of Rage series of video games from 1991 to 1994.[11][12][13]

Examples of early Trance releases include but are not limited to German duo Jam & Spoon's 1992 12" Single remix of the 1900 song The Age Of Love.[1], German duo Dance 2 Trance's 1990 track "We Came in Peace".[5]

As for the roots of contemporary trance[citation needed], some[1] trace it to Paul van Dyk's 1993 remix of Humate's 'Love Stimulation'.[1]. In subsequent years, one genre, vocal trance, arose as the combination of progressive elements and pop music[3], and the development of another subgenre, epic trance, had some of its origins in classical music.[3], with film music also being influential.[4]

Psychedelic trance

Main articles: Psychedelic trance and Goa trance

During the early 1990s, Goa trance broke away from the "Teutonic bent" of Euro-trance and "carried the torch for trance during the rest of the decade." The presence of LSD on the Goa scene resulted in a more psychedelic version of trance that embraced Indian music and culture.[7]

Production

Roland JP-8000, a synthesizer famous for its incorporation of the supersaw waveform

Classic trance usually employs a "four-to-the-floor" time signature[5], a tempo of 125 to 150 BPM[5], and 32 beat phrases and is somewhat faster than house music.[14] A kick drum is usually placed on every downbeat and a regular open hi-hat is often placed on the upbeat or every 1/8th division of the bar.[5] Extra percussive elements are usually added, and major transitions, builds or climaxes are often foreshadowed by lengthy "snare rolls"—a quick succession of snare drum hits that build in velocity, frequency, and volume towards the end of a measure or phrase.[5]

A Simple arpeggiated (Roland JP-8000) Supersaw waveform pattern with chorus and flanging.
A trancegate pattern at 141 bpm as it is heard on a software trancegate. The gated pattern gradually changes, to hear the various rhythms possible with a trance gate. Note that some trancegate patterns are off-beat. (A Roland JP-8000 with the supersaw waveform is used. Minor EQ edits are made).

Rapid arpeggios and minor scales are common features. Trance tracks often use one central "hook", or melody, which runs through almost the entire song, repeating at intervals anywhere between 2 beats and 32 bars, in addition to harmonies and motifs in different timbres from the central melody.[5] Instruments are added or removed every 4, 8, 16, or 32 bars.[5]

In the section before the breakdown, the lead motiff is often introduced in a sliced up and simplified form [5], to give the audience a "taste" of what they will hear after the breakdown [5]. Then later, the final climax usually combines the first part of the track with the main melodic reprise.[5].

As is the case with many dance music tracks, trance tracks are usually built with sparser intros ("mix-ins") and outros ("mix-outs") in order to enable DJs to blend them together more readily[3][5]. As trance is more melodic and harmonic than much dance music[citation needed], the construction of trance tracks in such a way is particularly important in order to avoid dissonant (or "key clashing," i.e., out of tune with one another) mixes.[citation needed]

Subgenres

Main articles: List of trance genres and List of electronic music genres

Trance music is broken into a large number of sub-genres.[citation needed] Chronologically, the major sub-genres are Classic trance, Acid trance, Progressive trance, Uplifting trance and Hard trance[citation needed]. Uplifting trance is also known as "Anthem trance", "Epic trance"[3], "Stadium trance", or "Euphoric trance"[5], and has been strongly influenced by classical music both in the 1990s[3] and at present with the development of the sub-genre "Orchestral uplifting trance" or "Uplifting trance with symphonic orchestra" by such artists as Andy Blueman, Soundlift, and Arctic Moon. Closely related to Uplifting Trance is Euro-trance, which has become a general term for a wide variety of highly commercialized European dance music. Several subgenres are crossovers with other major genres of electronic music. For instance, Tech trance is a mixture of trance and techno, and Vocal trance "combines [trance's] progressive elements with pop music"[3]. Balearic beat, which is associated with the laid back vacation lifestyle of Ibiza, Spain, is often called "Balearic trance", as espoused by Roger Shah.[citation needed]

Music festivals

The following is a list of dance music festivals that showcase Trance music.

The Netherlands

Electronic Dance Music festivals in the Netherlands are mainly organized by four companies ALDA Events, ID&T, UDC and Q-dance:

  • Armin Only, Jaarbeurs Utrecht, Utrecht: the only DJ to mix at this event is Armin van Buuren. Organized by ALDA Events. Armin Only 2005 was held in Ahoy, Rotterdam. The 2008 and 2010 editions were held in Jaarbeurs Utrecht.
  • Dance Valley, Spaarnwoude: an outdoor festival organized by UDC.
  • Sensation, Amsterdam Arena. Organized by ID&T.
  • Energy, (Formerly Trance Energy) Jaarbeurs, Utrecht: Previously Trance only under the name "Trance Energy", the festival was renamed "Energy" in 2011 and begun to incorporate other genres. Organized by ID&T.
  • Amsterdam dance event, One of the worlds trance and electronic music festivals held every year in Amsterdam in October.
  • A State of Trance, Armin van Buuren's weekly radio show A State of Trance celebrates every 50th episode with an event. Episode 400 was held in Rotterdam, Episode 450 was not held in the Netherlands, episode 500 was held in the Brabanthallen, Den Bosch, and episode 550 was in Den Bosch as well.

United Kingdom

Clubbers at Gatecrasher
  • Gatecrasher also promotes sporadic events and have in the past also used venues such as Birmingham N.E.C. Gatecrasher is currently on hiatus until further notice due to fire damage.

North America

Electronic Dance Music festivals in North America feature various EDM genres such as Trance, House, Techno, Electro, Dubstep, Breaks, and Drum & Bass:

Other

  • Portugal: Boom Festival (the last edition was in Idanha-a-Nova) since 1997. This event is an outdoor festival running every two years with a duration of several days, focusing in psychedelic Goa trance. The festival also features workshops, presentations, and cinema.
  • Switzerland: Street Parade – The world's biggest electronic music festival (more than one million visitors attend this event year by year).
  • Belgium: Tomorrowland (festival) – The largest Belgian open-air electronic music festival. 2010 had more than 120.000 visitors.[citation needed] Tomorrowland in 2011 will have a capacity of up to 180.000 visitors.[citation needed] DJs such as David Guetta, Armin Van Buuren, Bob Sinclar, Roger Sanchez, Felix The Housecat and many more.
  • India: Sunburn Festival launched in December 2007 as South Asia's first electronic music festival, and featured heavyweights like Carl Cox and John '00' Fleming. Located seaside in Goa, on India's west coast, the festival has its roots in Goa trance. Sunburn treated more than 5,000[citation needed] electro revelers to a three-day party by the beach in December 2008. At the 2009 festival, DJs such as Armin Van Buuren, Roger Sanchez, and Sander van Doorn participated with audience numbers running between 15,000 to 18,000 making it the biggest edition yet.[citation needed]As of the 2010 festival, it showed the likes of Paul Van Dyk and many other DJ's with estimated crowds of 30,000 people.[citation needed]
  • Thailand: Full Moon Party Held each month on the island of Koh Phangan. Thousands of people from across the world gather on Haad Rin Nok (Sunrise Beach) to dance under the moonlight.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Bom, Coen (2009). Armin Only: A Year in the Life of the World's No. 1 DJ. Oxford, UK: Dutch Media Uitgevers BV. ISBN 978-90-488-0323-1: p. 15
  2. ^ "Trance". Allmusic. Retrieved 9 July 2012.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Fassbender, Torsten (2008). The Trance Experience. Knoxville, Tennessee: Sound Org Inc. ISBN 978-0-2405-2107-7: p. 15, 16, 17, 19
  4. ^ a b c d e Webber, Stephen (2008). DJ Skills: The Essential Guide to Mixing and Scratching. Oxford, UK: Elsevier Press. ISBN 978-0-240-52069-8: p. 35
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Snoman, Rick (2009). The Dance Music Manual: Tools, Toys, and Techniques – Second Edition. Oxford, UK: Elsevier Press. ISBN 0-9748438-4-9: p. 251, 252, 253, 266
  6. ^ a b c d e f g Hewitt, Michael (2009). Composition for Computer Musicians. Knoxville, Tennessee: Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-1-59863-861-5: p. 9
  7. ^ a b "Goa Trance". Allmusic. Retrieved 9 July 2012.
  8. ^ Hawkins, Erik (2004). The Complete Guide to Remixing. Boston, MA: Berklee Press. ISBN 0-87639-044-0: p. 51
  9. ^ Lundin, Glen (1999). "Trans". Indy Rock News. 2 (2). Indianapolis. [It's] hard to ignore the likeness in timbre, texture, tenor, and name of Trans album and trance {{cite journal}}: More than one of |work= and |journal= specified (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  10. ^ McNeilly, Joe (April 19, 2010). "Game music of the day: Streets of Rage 2". GamesRadar. Retrieved 28 July 2012.
  11. ^ Ryan. "Streets of Rage 2 Original Soundtrack (US): Review". Square Enix Music Online. Retrieved 7 August 2012.
  12. ^ "Streets of Rage 3 review - Sega Megadrive". Mean Machines. Retrieved 1 August 2012.
  13. ^ Hewitt, Michael (2008). Music Theory for Computer Musicians. Boston, MA: Course Technology. ISBN 978-1-59863-503-4
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