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{{About|the French politician|the Spanish composer|Manuel Valls (composer)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2013}}
{{Infobox officeholder
{{Infobox officeholder
|name = Manuel Valls
|name = Manuel Valls
|image = Valls Toulouse 2012.JPG
|image = Valls Toulouse 2012.JPG
|caption = Valls in 2012
|office = [[Minister of the Interior (France)|Minister of the Interior]]
|office = [[Minister of Interior (France)|Minister of Interior]]
|president = [[François Hollande]]
|president = [[François Hollande]]
|primeminister = [[Jean-Marc Ayrault]]
|primeminister = [[Jean-Marc Ayrault]]
Line 27: Line 29:
|Spouse = [[Anne Gravoin]]
|Spouse = [[Anne Gravoin]]
|alma_mater = [[Pantheon-Sorbonne University]]
|alma_mater = [[Pantheon-Sorbonne University]]
|religion = [[Roman Catholic]]
|religion = [[Roman Catholicism]]
}}
}}
'''Manuel Carlos Valls''' ({{IPA-fr|ma.ny.ɛl vals|lang}}, {{IPA-ca|mənuˈɛɫ ˈβaʎs|lang}}, {{IPA-es|maˈnwel ˈβals|lang}}; born 13 August 1962, is a French [[Socialist Party (France)|Socialist Party]] (PS) [[politician]]. He has been a Member of the [[National Assembly of France|National Assembly]] since 2002 and also Mayor of [[Évry, Essonne|Évry]]. On 16 May 2012 he was appointed Minister of the Interior in the French government of [[Jean-Marc Ayrault]].
'''Manuel Carlos Valls''' ({{IPA-fr|ma.ny.ɛl vals|lang}}, {{IPA-ca|mənuˈɛɫ ˈβaʎs|lang}}, {{IPA-es|maˈnwel ˈβals|lang}}), born 13 August 1962, is a French [[Socialist Party (France)|Socialist Party]] (PS) [[politician]]. He has been a Member of the [[National Assembly of France|National Assembly]] since 2002 and also Mayor of [[Évry, Essonne|Évry]]. On 16 May 2012 he was appointed Minister of the Interior in the French government of [[Jean-Marc Ayrault]].


Valls was born in [[Barcelona]], [[Spain]], and became a naturalized French citizen in 1982. He is a prominent supporter of [[F.C. Barcelona]], the famous club whose anthem was composed by his [[Manuel Valls (composer)|second cousin and namesake]].
Valls was born in [[Barcelona]], [[Spain]], and became a naturalized French citizen in 1982. He is a prominent supporter of [[F.C. Barcelona]], the famous club whose anthem was composed by his [[Manuel Valls (composer)|second cousin and namesake]].
Line 35: Line 37:
After serving as an advisor on youth issues for Prime Minister [[Michel Rocard]] from 1988 to 1991, he held the position of Communications Advisor to Prime Minister [[Lionel Jospin]] from 1997 to 2001.
After serving as an advisor on youth issues for Prime Minister [[Michel Rocard]] from 1988 to 1991, he held the position of Communications Advisor to Prime Minister [[Lionel Jospin]] from 1997 to 2001.


He sought the [[French Socialist Party presidential primary, 2011|PS nomination]] for [[President of France]] in the [[French presidential election, 2012|2012 election]]. Ranked fifth at the end of the first round of the PS primary, he pledged his support to [[François Hollande]] and called for votes for Hollande in the second round. Valls is often considered in France as a representative of the [[social-liberal]] wing of the French Socialist Party, sharing common orientations with Scandinavian-style [[Social Democracy]] and [[Blairism]].
He sought the [[French Socialist Party presidential primary, 2011|PS nomination]] for [[President of France]] in the [[French presidential election, 2012|2012 election]]. Ranked fifth at the end of the first round of the PS primary, he pledged his support to [[François Hollande]] and called for votes for Hollande in the second round. Valls is often considered in France as a representative of the [[social-liberal]] wing of the French Socialist Party, sharing common orientations with the state of Israel.


== Biography ==
== Biography ==
Line 78: Line 80:


Asked in July 2011 on his attendance at a meeting of the Bilderberg Group, he confirmed that he was invited to Washington two years ago, while considering that this group was too "Atlanticist" and was open to the world. Similarly, he considers that "it would have to be too large leftist organizations, political, social," in European and global level.{{citation needed|date=October 2013}}{{vague|date=October 2013}}
Asked in July 2011 on his attendance at a meeting of the Bilderberg Group, he confirmed that he was invited to Washington two years ago, while considering that this group was too "Atlanticist" and was open to the world. Similarly, he considers that "it would have to be too large leftist organizations, political, social," in European and global level.{{citation needed|date=October 2013}}{{vague|date=October 2013}}

Valls has always been a supporter of Israel in the Israelo/Palestinian conflict and has stated on many occasions, both on and off records, that he was "deeply attached to Israel".<ref name="youtube.com">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xRrOBE3OerI</ref>


== Social issues ==
== Social issues ==
Line 83: Line 87:
=== Immigration ===
=== Immigration ===


In his book ''Down with the Old Socialism ... and Finally to the Left'', he declared support for immigration "quotas".<ref>{{fr}} Michel Urvoy, [http://www.ouest-france.fr/Valls-le-social-realiste-qui-secoue-le-PS-/re/actuDet/actu_3635-625959------_actu.html Valls, le social-réaliste qui secoue le PS], ''Ouest-France'', 6 May 2008.</ref>
In his book ''Down with the Old Socialism ... and Finally to the Left'', he declared support for immigration "quotas".<ref>{{fr}} Michel Urvoy, [http://www.ouest-france.fr/Valls-le-social-realiste-qui-secoue-le-PS-/re/actuDet/actu_3635-625959------_actu.html Valls, le social-réaliste qui secoue le PS], ''Ouest-France'', 6 May 2008.</ref>


On Sunday June 9, 2009, he was caught on camera making racist comments while visiting a market in his elected city of Évry. While passing a black man, Valls (almost whispering) made some comments about how "more white people would give a better image to the city." The video<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OqeLX-a4C3M</ref> filmed with a phone went viral in France but was immediately removed.
⚫
In October 2013, his stance in the highly controversial [[Dibrani case]] met with surprisingly high approval by public opinion, with a global approval rate of 74 % (57 % approval rate from the left, and 89 % from the right, even though Government and Parliament are mostly Socialists).<ref>{{fr}} [http://www.bva.fr/data/sondage/sondage_fiche/1367/fichier_bva_pour_i_tele-cqfd-le_parisien_-_affaire_leonardaf0750.pdf Opinion poll on "Les Français et l’affaire Leonarda"] on ''bva.fr''.</ref>

⚫
In October 2013, his stance in the highly controversial [[Dibrani case]] met with surprisingly high approval by public opinion, with a global approval rate of 74% (57 % approval rate from the left, and 89% from the right, even though Government and Parliament are mostly Socialists).<ref>{{fr}} [http://www.bva.fr/data/sondage/sondage_fiche/1367/fichier_bva_pour_i_tele-cqfd-le_parisien_-_affaire_leonardaf0750.pdf Opinion poll on "Les Français et l’affaire Leonarda"] on ''bva.fr''.</ref>


=== Retirement age ===
=== Retirement age ===
Line 94: Line 100:
Elected to a city with security problems, he advocates a policy of firmness and is favorable to the municipal police, armed if necessary (primary Socialists of 2011). It stigmatizes the other hand what he calls "the politics of numbers" Fillon government. He calls the Anti-nuclear and Anti-Genetically Modified Product movements, "[[fatwas]]". These movements were widely supported by the Left and says that he regrets that fact.
Elected to a city with security problems, he advocates a policy of firmness and is favorable to the municipal police, armed if necessary (primary Socialists of 2011). It stigmatizes the other hand what he calls "the politics of numbers" Fillon government. He calls the Anti-nuclear and Anti-Genetically Modified Product movements, "[[fatwas]]". These movements were widely supported by the Left and says that he regrets that fact.


=== Secularism ===
=== Views on religion ===


He is a Freemason affiliated with the [[Grand Orient de France]] lodge. He has not been active in the lodge for a long time and has been decommissioned.<ref>{{fr}} [http://www.liberation.fr/transversales/portraits/275574.FR.php En ordre de bataille], ''Libération'', 1 September 2007.</ref><ref>Jacques Trentesaux, [http://www.lexpress.fr/region/la-petite-republique-vallsienne_473807.html Le système Valls. La petite république vallsienne], ''L'Express'', 23 August 2007</ref>
He is a Freemason affiliated with the [[Grand Orient de France]] lodge. He has not been active in the lodge for a long time and has been decommissioned.<ref>{{fr}} [http://www.liberation.fr/transversales/portraits/275574.FR.php En ordre de bataille], ''Libération'', 1 September 2007.</ref><ref>Jacques Trentesaux, [http://www.lexpress.fr/region/la-petite-republique-vallsienne_473807.html Le système Valls. La petite république vallsienne], ''L'Express'', 23 August 2007</ref>
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In 2002, as mayor of Évry, he opposed a branch of the national grocery store chain Franprix, located in a predominately Muslim neighborhood, deciding to sell only [[halal]] certified meat/products and products that do not contain alcohol.<ref>{{fr}} [http://www.bladi.net/a-evry-le-maire-contre-le-franprix-halal.html A Evry, le maire contre le Franprix halal]''Bladi.net''. 9 December 2002. Retrieved 24 February 2013</ref>
In 2002, as mayor of Évry, he opposed a branch of the national grocery store chain Franprix, located in a predominately Muslim neighborhood, deciding to sell only [[halal]] certified meat/products and products that do not contain alcohol.<ref>{{fr}} [http://www.bladi.net/a-evry-le-maire-contre-le-franprix-halal.html A Evry, le maire contre le Franprix halal]''Bladi.net''. 9 December 2002. Retrieved 24 February 2013</ref>

Valls stated to Radio Judaica that he was "eternally attached to Israel".<ref name="youtube.com"/>

He is in favour of banning [[muslim veil]]s from universities,<ref>[[Le Journal du Dimanche]] [http://www.lejdd.fr/Societe/Religion/Actualite/Pour-Valls-interdire-le-voile-a-l-universite-est-une-proposition-digne-d-interet-623298]</ref> but supports the right to wear the Jewish [[kippa]].<ref>[[Le Monde]] [http://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2012/09/24/manuel-valls-defend-la-liberte-de-porter-la-kippa_1764577_3224.html]</ref>

When Catholics protested against "[[Golgota Picnic]]", an anti-Christian play, Valls supported the theater director in the name of [[freedom of speech]].<ref>[http://www.ndf.fr/nos-breves/10-01-2014/video-quand-valls-defendait-la-liberte-dexpression-propos-de-golgota-picnic-une-piece-de-theatre-antichretienne Nouvelles de France]</ref> When [[Dieudonné M'Bala M'Bala|Dieudonné]]'s [[Quenelle (gesture)|quenelle gesture]] became viral in 2013, Valls said he would consider "all legal means" to ban Dieudonné's "public meetings," given that he "addresses in an obvious and insufferable manner the memory of victims of the [[Shoah]]."<ref>{{cite news |date=27 December 2013 |title=France to ban 'anti-Semitic' comedian |url=http://www.english.rfi.fr/culture/20131227-france-ban-anti-semitic-comedian |agency=Radio France Internationale }}</ref>


=== Cannabis ===
=== Cannabis ===

Revision as of 22:01, 13 January 2014

This article is about the French politician. For the Spanish composer, see Manuel Valls (composer).

Manuel Valls
Valls in 2012
Minister of Interior
Assumed office
16 May 2012
PresidentFrançois Hollande
Prime MinisterJean-Marc Ayrault
Preceded byClaude Guéant
Mayor of Évry
In office
18 March 2001 – 24 May 2012
Preceded byChristian Olivier
Succeeded byFrancis Chouat
Member of the National Assembly
from Essonne's 1st constituency
Assumed office
19 June 2002
Preceded byJacques Guyard
Personal details
Born (1962-08-13) 13 August 1962 (age 61)
Barcelona, Spain
Political partySocialist Party
Alma materPantheon-Sorbonne University

Manuel Carlos Valls (French: [ma.ny.ɛl vals], Catalan: [mənuˈɛɫ ˈβaʎs], Spanish: [maˈnwel ˈβals]), born 13 August 1962, is a French Socialist Party (PS) politician. He has been a Member of the National Assembly since 2002 and also Mayor of Évry. On 16 May 2012 he was appointed Minister of the Interior in the French government of Jean-Marc Ayrault.

Valls was born in Barcelona, Spain, and became a naturalized French citizen in 1982. He is a prominent supporter of F.C. Barcelona, the famous club whose anthem was composed by his second cousin and namesake.

After serving as an advisor on youth issues for Prime Minister Michel Rocard from 1988 to 1991, he held the position of Communications Advisor to Prime Minister Lionel Jospin from 1997 to 2001.

He sought the PS nomination for President of France in the 2012 election. Ranked fifth at the end of the first round of the PS primary, he pledged his support to François Hollande and called for votes for Hollande in the second round. Valls is often considered in France as a representative of the social-liberal wing of the French Socialist Party, sharing common orientations with the state of Israel.

Biography

Family

His paternal grandfather was editor-in-chief at a Catholic republican newspaper in Spain. During the Spanish Civil War he sheltered persecuted priests in his house who were persecuted by trotskyists and anarchists.[1] After Francisco Franco's victory, he was forced out of his job as editor. Valls' father was the painter Xavier Valls (1923–2006),[2][3] also born in Barcelona. In the late 1940s, he moved to Paris and met his future wife, Luisangela Galfetti, sister of Swiss architect Aurelio Galfetti. He is also a second cousin to Manuel Valls Gorina, who composed Cant del Barça, the anthem for FC Barcelona.

Due to his family background, Manuel Valls is fluent in French, Spanish, Catalan and Italian.[4] In 1987, he married his first spouse, Nathalie Soulié, with whom he had 4 children before divorcing. On 1 July 2010, he married[5] Anne Gravoin, a violinist and winner of the Conservatoire de Paris' prestigious Premier Prix for Violin and Chamber Orchestra.[6][7]

Political involvement

In 1980, at the age of 17, Valls joined the French Socialist Party (PS) to support Michel Rocard. Within the PS, he defended the 'Second left' (La Deuxième gauche), rather than the more pragmatic left of François Mitterrand. [The Second left could be compared to the 1960s 'New Left' - opposed to party lines and bureaucracy, anti-statist, supportive of anti-colonialist and anti-imperialist movements worldwide, favoring direct action politics.] While studying history at the University of Paris I, Tolbiac campus, he was a member of the UNEF-ID, a progressive student union. In 1980, he met two other student supporters of Rocard with whom he became close friends: Alain Bauer, for whom he later became godfather to his second son, and Stéphane Fouks.[8][9][10]

Between 1983 and 1986 Valls was a parliamentary attaché for the member for Ardeche, Robert Chapuis. In 1986 he was elected to the regional Council for the Ile-de-France and served until 1992. In 1988, he succeeded Henri Kaminska as head of the Socialist Party in Argenteuil-Bezons and deputy mayor. From 1988 to 1991 he was responsible for function of the Prime Minister's Cabinet. From 1991 to 1993 he was an inter-ministerial delegate to the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville. In 1995, he became the Secretary of Communications for the national Socialist Party and in 1997 responsible for communications and media relations for the Prime Minister's Cabinet. In 1998 he was elected vice president of the regional Council for the Ile-de-France which he held until 2002. While vice president of the regional Council, he was also elected as mayor of Évry in 2001 and still retains that post. Since 2002 he has been Deputy for the First Electoral District in Essonne and since 2008 the President of the tri-city jurisdiction Évry-Centre-Essonne.[11]

In the 2008 elections to choose the head of the Socialist Party, Valls supported the former presidential candidate Ségolène Royal over her former civil-union partner François Hollande, who eventually won. The election results were controversial. There were irregularities and claims of electoral fraud in the strongholds of North and Seine-Maritime, which favored the candidate Martine Aubry.

2011 primaries and presidential campaign

On 13 June 2009, Manuel Valls announced his intention to run for the Socialist Presidential Primary in 2011 for the 2012 election. On June 30, 2009 he founded a political organization with the slogan "The Left Needs Optimism," to provide legal and financial support the Socialist Primary candidates.[12] On June 7, 2011, he confirmed his candidacy for the Socialist primary.

On the evening of the first primary round, 9 October 2011, Manuel Valls achieved only 6% of the vote, just behind Ségolène Royal. He was therefore eliminated. On the night of his defeat, he endorsed François Hollande for the second round.

During the 2012 presidential election, he was the communications director of the PS nominee François Hollande, becoming one of the pillars of the campaign team.

Political orientations

He is commonly classified in the "right wing" of the Socialist Party with a similar approach as the German and Scandinavian Social Democracies. During the 2011 Socialist Presidential Primary, he defined himself in the past as "Blairite" or "Clintonien" and describes his position "is in the tradition of Pierre Mendes France, Lionel Jospin and Michel Rocard".

He advocates for an "economically realistic" political speech without any "demagoguery". He voices his dissent in the party by his vision of individual responsibilities ("The new hope that the Left must carry is individual self-realization: to allow everyone to become what which he [she] is"[13]) and his positions against a system where some people live only from national solidarity.

Describing himself as "reformist rather than revolutionary," he wants to "reconcile the left to the liberal approach.".[14]

Economic policy and European integration

Among his desired economic reforms, he is particularly favorable to the establishment of a "social VAT [Value Added Tax]", designed primarily to increase the VAT on a number of consumer products considered "non essential" in exchange for reducing wage taxes. "Fiscal policy will have to undergo an increase in VAT. This is the VAT or social protection that I propose."

His plan also calls for extending the contribution period to the current age of retirement and the "alignment of the special [retirement] on the general scheme."

In 2010, he expressed support for the control of the European Commission on national budgets, saying it is "definitely" necessary. "In the world as it is, who needs large sets, we need more integration of our economic policies, more coordination, it is true in monetary terms, this is true on the fiscal and this is true for taxes", he said.

International issues

Asked in July 2011 on his attendance at a meeting of the Bilderberg Group, he confirmed that he was invited to Washington two years ago, while considering that this group was too "Atlanticist" and was open to the world. Similarly, he considers that "it would have to be too large leftist organizations, political, social," in European and global level.[citation needed][vague]

Valls has always been a supporter of Israel in the Israelo/Palestinian conflict and has stated on many occasions, both on and off records, that he was "deeply attached to Israel".[15]

Social issues

Immigration

In his book Down with the Old Socialism ... and Finally to the Left, he declared support for immigration "quotas".[16]

On Sunday June 9, 2009, he was caught on camera making racist comments while visiting a market in his elected city of Évry. While passing a black man, Valls (almost whispering) made some comments about how "more white people would give a better image to the city." The video[17] filmed with a phone went viral in France but was immediately removed.

In October 2013, his stance in the highly controversial Dibrani case met with surprisingly high approval by public opinion, with a global approval rate of 74% (57 % approval rate from the left, and 89% from the right, even though Government and Parliament are mostly Socialists).[18]

Retirement age

He supported the extension of the years of required pension contribution to 41, advocated and achieved by the Sarkozy administration. The extension means that due to the maximum mandatory retirement age of 62, only immigrants receiving the right to legally work around the age of 21 would be allowed to receive the pension to which they would have contributed throughout their careers. "The role of the Left is not to deny democratic changes, nor to hide the size of deficits … The Left can advocate an à la carte pension system and increasing the pay-in period." [19]

Safety

Elected to a city with security problems, he advocates a policy of firmness and is favorable to the municipal police, armed if necessary (primary Socialists of 2011). It stigmatizes the other hand what he calls "the politics of numbers" Fillon government. He calls the Anti-nuclear and Anti-Genetically Modified Product movements, "fatwas". These movements were widely supported by the Left and says that he regrets that fact.

Views on religion

He is a Freemason affiliated with the Grand Orient de France lodge. He has not been active in the lodge for a long time and has been decommissioned.[20][21]

In opposite, he demanded an overhaul of the 1905 law separating church and state saying that "nobody wants to touch it, but it is bypassed at all times; everyone seeks a subterfuge to achieve its ends . [...] Our country can not escape even if the revision is not a review with a large R. The law has also been amended several times since its adoption. The Republic could thus offer a symbolic moment to breathe new life to secularism. It should be a public review of the application of secularism that goes through a parliamentary debate. What a beautiful way to restore the ideal layman in the heart of French society and make a shared value."

In 2002, as mayor of Évry, he opposed a branch of the national grocery store chain Franprix, located in a predominately Muslim neighborhood, deciding to sell only halal certified meat/products and products that do not contain alcohol.[22]

Valls stated to Radio Judaica that he was "eternally attached to Israel".[15]

He is in favour of banning muslim veils from universities,[23] but supports the right to wear the Jewish kippa.[24]

When Catholics protested against "Golgota Picnic", an anti-Christian play, Valls supported the theater director in the name of freedom of speech.[25] When Dieudonné's quenelle gesture became viral in 2013, Valls said he would consider "all legal means" to ban Dieudonné's "public meetings," given that he "addresses in an obvious and insufferable manner the memory of victims of the Shoah."[26]

Cannabis

On 12 October 2009, Manuel Valls expressed "total disagreement" with the proposed decriminalization or legalization of cannabis made framed by Daniel Vaillant who did attempt to deprive traffickers of a source of income. Valls argued that: "The question of drugs that produce considerable damage in some neighbourhoods and nourish the underground economy, cannot be handled this way. There is a certain number of rules that cannot be removed."[27]

Political strategies

In the summer of 2011, he states that "men and women like Dominique de Villepin, Bayrou or Corinne Lepage, to name a few, may belong, if they wish, a majority with broad ". He advocates a political cooperation with the humanist center and center left on some issues.

Former mandates

Governmental functions

Minister of Interior : Since May 2012

Electoral mandates

Member of the National Assembly of France for Essonne (1st constituency) : 2002-2012 (Became minister in May). Elected in 2002, reelected in 2007.

Vice-president of the Regional Council of Île-de-France : 1998-2002 (Resignation).

Regional councillor of Île-de-France : 1986-2002 (Resignation).

Mayor of Évry : 2001-2012 (Resignation). Reelected in 2008.

Municipal councillor of Évry : Since 2001. Reelected in 2008.

Deputy-mayor of Argenteuil : 1989-1998 (Resignation).

Municipal councillor of Argenteuil : 1989-1998 (Resignation).

Publications

  • Les habits neufs de la gauche, éditions Robert Laffont, 2006
  • La laïcité en face, a dialog with Virginie Malabard, Éditions Desclée de Brouwer, 2005
  • Pour en finir avec le vieux socialisme... et être enfin de gauche, a dialog with Claude Askolovitch, Robert Laffont, 2008

References

  1. ^ Template:Fr L'homme qui veut être le Sarko de la gauche, Le Point, no. 1820, 2 August 2007, pp.24-27.
  2. ^ Template:Fr Biographie de Xavier Valls on claude-bernard.com website
  3. ^ Template:Es Ana María Preckler, Historia del arte universal de los siglos XIX y XX, Editorial Complutense, 2003, vol. II, p. 509, ISBN 9788474917079.
  4. ^ Template:Fr qu'il faut savoir de Manuel Valls, www.lejdd.fr, 16 May 2012.
  5. ^ Template:Fr Manuel Valls va se marier en juillet, Le Nouvel Observateur, 10 January 2010.
  6. ^ Template:Fr La table de chevet de... Manuel Valls, Les Échos, nb60, 15 February 2008, p.50.
  7. ^ Template:Fr Manuel Valls ouvre les fenêtres de la musique, Radio classique, 16 May 2008.
  8. ^ Template:Fr Passeur Fraysse, Bertrand. Challenges. November 29, 2007.
  9. ^ Template:Fr Alain Bauer Tchakaloff, Gaël. Le Nouvel économiste no. 1292. vol. 4. March 10, 2005.
  10. ^ Template:Fr « Alain Bauer » Ratier, Emmanuel. L'écrivain nationaliste: Faits & documents. no. 98. vol 15. October 30, 2000., describes the relationship between the two men, and the work of Nathalie Soulié, Valls ex-wife as the secretary for AB Associates, a personal security company founded by Bauer between 1994 and 1997.
  11. ^ Template:Frhttp://www.interieur.gouv.fr/Le-ministere/Manuel-Valls
  12. ^ Template:Fr Manuel Valls fait son one man show, Gala Magazine, 30 June 2009. Retrieved 12 February 2013
  13. ^ Template:Fr Retraites : Valls appelle à un "pacte national", nouvelobs.com, 13 April 2010.
  14. ^ Template:Fr Manuel Valls se verrait bien candidat en 2012, Libération, 24 April 2008.
  15. ^ a b https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xRrOBE3OerI
  16. ^ Template:Fr Michel Urvoy, Valls, le social-réaliste qui secoue le PS, Ouest-France, 6 May 2008.
  17. ^ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OqeLX-a4C3M
  18. ^ Template:Fr Opinion poll on "Les Français et l’affaire Leonarda" on bva.fr.
  19. ^ Ira, Kumaran and Lantier, Alex. After French regional election victory: Socialist Party leaders call for austerity policies World Socialist Web Site. 2 April 2010. Retrieved 24 February 2013
  20. ^ Template:Fr En ordre de bataille, Libération, 1 September 2007.
  21. ^ Jacques Trentesaux, Le système Valls. La petite république vallsienne, L'Express, 23 August 2007
  22. ^ Template:Fr A Evry, le maire contre le Franprix halalBladi.net. 9 December 2002. Retrieved 24 February 2013
  23. ^ Le Journal du Dimanche [1]
  24. ^ Le Monde [2]
  25. ^ Nouvelles de France
  26. ^ "France to ban 'anti-Semitic' comedian". Radio France Internationale. 27 December 2013.
  27. ^ Template:Fr Cannabis : Valls en "désaccord total" avec la proposition de Vaillant, nouvelobs.com, 12.10.2009.
Political offices
Preceded by Minister of the Interior
2012–present 		Incumbent

Template:Persondata

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