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== Overview ==
== Overview ==
Metamodel or surrogate model is model of model, i.e. a simplified model of an actual model of a circuit, system, or software like entity. <ref> O. Garitselov, S. P. Mohanty, and E. Kougianos, “[http://www.cse.unt.edu/~smohanty/Publications_Journals/2012/Mohanty_IEEE-TSM-2012Feb.pdf A Comparative Study of Metamodels for Fast and Accurate Simulation of Nano-CMOS Circuits]”, IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing (TSM), Vol. 25, No. 1, February 2012, pp. 26--36. </ref> <ref> [http://www.cse.unt.edu/~smohanty/Presentations/2012/Mohanty_SRC-TxACE_Talk_2012-04-27.pdf Ultra-Fast Design Exploration of Nanoscale Circuits through Metamodeling], Invited Talk, Semiconductor Research Corportation (SRC), Texas Analog Center for Excellence (TxACE), 27th April 2012. </ref> Metamodel can be an mathematical relation or algorithm representing input and output relations. A [[model (abstract)|model]] is an abstraction of phenomena in the [[Real life (reality)|real world]]; a metamodel is yet another abstraction, highlighting properties of the model itself. A model conforms to its metamodel in the way that a computer program conforms to the grammar of the programming language in which it is written. Various types of metamodels include polynomial equations, neural network, Kriging, etc. <ref> [http://www.cse.unt.edu/~smohanty/Presentations/2012/Mohanty_SRC-TxACE_Talk_2012-04-27.pdf Ultra-Fast Design Exploration of Nanoscale Circuits through Metamodeling], Invited Talk, Semiconductor Research Corportation (SRC), Texas Analog Center for Excellence (TxACE), 27th April 2012. </ref> "Metamodeling" is the construction of a collection of "concepts" (things, terms, etc.) within a certain domain. Metamodeling typically involves studying the output and input relationships and then fitting right metamodels to represent that behavior. <ref> O. Garitselov, S. P. Mohanty, and E. Kougianos, “[http://www.cse.unt.edu/~smohanty/Publications_Journals/2012/Mohanty_IEEE-TSM-2012Feb.pdf A Comparative Study of Metamodels for Fast and Accurate Simulation of Nano-CMOS Circuits]”, IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing (TSM), Vol. 25, No. 1, February 2012, pp. 26--36. </ref>
"Metamodeling" is the construction of a collection of "concepts" (things, terms, etc.) within a certain domain. A [[model (abstract)|model]] is an abstraction of phenomena in the [[Real life (reality)|real world]]; a metamodel is yet another abstraction, highlighting properties of the model itself. A model conforms to its metamodel in the way that a computer program conforms to the grammar of the programming language in which it is written.


Common uses for metamodels are:
Common uses for metamodels are:

Revision as of 19:40, 31 July 2014

"Meta model" redirects here. For other uses, see Meta model (disambiguation).
Example of a Geologic map information meta-model, with four types of meta-objects, and their self-references.[1]

Metamodeling or meta-modeling is the analysis, construction and development of the frames, rules, constraints, models and theories applicable and useful for modeling a predefined class of problems. As its name implies, this concept applies the notions of meta- and modeling in software engineering and systems engineering.

Overview

Metamodel or surrogate model is model of model, i.e. a simplified model of an actual model of a circuit, system, or software like entity. [2] [3] Metamodel can be an mathematical relation or algorithm representing input and output relations. A model is an abstraction of phenomena in the real world; a metamodel is yet another abstraction, highlighting properties of the model itself. A model conforms to its metamodel in the way that a computer program conforms to the grammar of the programming language in which it is written. Various types of metamodels include polynomial equations, neural network, Kriging, etc. [4] "Metamodeling" is the construction of a collection of "concepts" (things, terms, etc.) within a certain domain. Metamodeling typically involves studying the output and input relationships and then fitting right metamodels to represent that behavior. [5]

Common uses for metamodels are:

  • As a schema for semantic data that needs to be exchanged or stored
  • As a language that supports a particular method or process
  • As a language to express additional semantics of existing information
  • As a mechanism to create tools that work with a broad class of models at run time
  • As a schema for modeling and automatically exploring sentences of a language with applications to automated test synthesis

Because of the "meta" character of metamodeling, both the praxis and theory of metamodels are of relevance to metascience[disambiguation needed], metaphilosophy, metatheories and systemics, and meta-consciousness. The concept can be useful in mathematics, and has practical applications in computer science and computer engineering/software engineering, which are the main focus of this article.

Metamodeling topics

Meta-Object Facility Illustration.
An US FEA Business reference model.[6]
Example of an ontology.
A DoDAF metamodel.

Definition

In software engineering, the use of models is more and more recommended. This should be contrasted with the classical code-based development techniques. A model always conforms to a unique metamodel. One of the currently most active branch of Model Driven Engineering is the approach named model-driven architecture proposed by OMG. This approach is based on the utilization of a language to write metamodels called the Meta Object Facility or MOF. Typical metamodels proposed by OMG are UML, SysML, SPEM or CWM. ISO has also published the standard metamodel ISO/IEC 24744.[7] All the languages presented below could be defined as MOF metamodels.

Metadata modeling

Metadata modeling is a type of metamodeling used in software engineering and systems engineering for the analysis and construction of models applicable and useful to some predefined class of problems. (see also: data modeling).

Model transformations

One important move in Model Driven Engineering is the systematic use of Model Transformation Languages. The OMG has proposed a standard for this called QVT for Queries/Views/Transformations. QVT is based on the Meta-Object Facility or MOF. Among many other Model Transformation Languages (MTLs), some examples of implementations of this standard are AndroMDA, VIATRA, Tefkat, MT[disambiguation needed], ManyDesigns Portofino.

Relationship to ontologies

Meta-models are closely related to ontologies. Both are often used to describe and analyze the relations between concepts[8]

  • Ontologies: express something meaningful within a specified universe or domain of discourse by utilizing a grammar for using vocabulary. The grammar specifies what it means to be a well-formed statement, assertion, query, etc. (formal constraints) on how terms in the ontology’s controlled vocabulary can be used together.[9]
  • Meta-modeling: can be considered as an explicit description (constructs and rules) of how a domain-specific model is built. In particular, this comprises a formalized specification of the domain-specific notations. Typically, metamodels are – and always should follow - a strict rule set.[10] “A valid metamodel is an ontology, but not all ontologies are modeled explicitly as metamodels”.[9]

Types of metamodels

For software engineering, several types of models (and their corresponding modeling activities) can be distinguished:

Zoos of metamodels

A library of similar metamodels has been called a Zoo of metamodels.[11] There are several types of meta-model zoos.[12] Some are expressed in ECore. Others are written in MOF 1.4 - XMI 1.2. The metamodels expressed in UML-XMI1.2 may be uploaded in Poseidon for UML, a UML CASE tool.

See also

References

  1. ^ David R. Soller et al. (2001) Progress Report on the National Geologic Map Database, Phase 3: An Online Database of Map Information Digital Mapping Techniques '01 -- Workshop Proceedings U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 01-223.
  2. ^ O. Garitselov, S. P. Mohanty, and E. Kougianos, “A Comparative Study of Metamodels for Fast and Accurate Simulation of Nano-CMOS Circuits”, IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing (TSM), Vol. 25, No. 1, February 2012, pp. 26--36.
  3. ^ Ultra-Fast Design Exploration of Nanoscale Circuits through Metamodeling, Invited Talk, Semiconductor Research Corportation (SRC), Texas Analog Center for Excellence (TxACE), 27th April 2012.
  4. ^ Ultra-Fast Design Exploration of Nanoscale Circuits through Metamodeling, Invited Talk, Semiconductor Research Corportation (SRC), Texas Analog Center for Excellence (TxACE), 27th April 2012.
  5. ^ O. Garitselov, S. P. Mohanty, and E. Kougianos, “A Comparative Study of Metamodels for Fast and Accurate Simulation of Nano-CMOS Circuits”, IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing (TSM), Vol. 25, No. 1, February 2012, pp. 26--36.
  6. ^ FEA (2005) FEA Records Management Profile, Version 1.0. December 15, 2005.
  7. ^ International Organization for Standardization / International Electrotechnical Commission, 2007. ISO/IEC 24744. Software Engineering - Metamodel for Development Methodologies.
  8. ^ E. Söderström, et al. (2001) "Towards a Framework for Comparing Process Modelling Languages", in: Lecture Notes In Computer Science; Vol. 2348. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering. Pages: 600 – 611, 2001
  9. ^ a b Pidcock, Woody (2003), What are the differences between a vocabulary, a taxonomy, a thesaurus, an ontology, and a meta-model? {{citation}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |doi_brokendate=, |laydate=, |coauthors=, |editorn-link=, |nopp=, |separator=, |laysummary=, |editorn-first=, |month=, |chapterurl=, |editorn=, |author-separator=, |lastauthoramp=, and |editorn-last= (help)
  10. ^ Ernst, Johannes (2002), What is metamodeling, and what is it good for? {{citation}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |doi_brokendate=, |laydate=, |coauthors=, |editorn-link=, |nopp=, |separator=, |laysummary=, |editorn-first=, |month=, |chapterurl=, |editorn=, |author-separator=, |lastauthoramp=, and |editorn-last= (help)
  11. ^ Jean-Marie Favre: Towards a Basic Theory to Model Driven Engineering..
  12. ^ AtlanticZoo.

Further reading

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Metamodeling.
  • J. Bezivin, On the Unification Power of Models, in: Software and System Modeling (SoSym) 4(2):171—188.
  • Booch, G., Rumbaugh, J., Jacobson, I. (1999), The Unified Modeling Language User Guide, Redwood City, CA: Addison Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc.
  • J. P. van Gigch, System Design Modeling and Metamodeling, Plenum Press, New York, 1991
  • Gopi Bulusu, hamara.in, 2004 Model Driven Transformation
  • P. C. Smolik, Mambo Metamodeling Environment, Doctoral Thesis, Brno University of Technology. 2006
  • Gonzalez-Perez, C. and B. Henderson-Sellers, 2008. Metamodelling for Software Engineering. Chichester (UK): Wiley. 210 p. ISBN 978-0-470-03036-3
  • M.A. Jeusfeld, M. Jarke, and J. Mylopoulos, 2009. Metamodeling for Method Engineering. Cambridge (USA): The MIT Press. 424 p. ISBN 978-0-262-10108-0
  • G. Caplat Modèles & Métamodèles, 2008 - ISBN 978-2-88074-749-7 Template:Fr
  • Fill, H.-G., Karagiannis, D., 2013. On the Conceptualisation of Modelling Methods Using the ADOxx Meta Modelling Platform, Enterprise Modelling and Information Systems Architectures, Vol. 8, Issue 1, 4-25.
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