Peter II of Yugoslavia: Difference between revisions

Styles of
**Peter II of Yugoslavia**
Styles of; Peter II of Yugoslavia
Reference style	His Majesty
Spoken style	Your Majesty
Alternative style	Sir

Peter II
Peter II
	Peter in January 1944
King of Yugoslavia
Reign	9 October 1934 – 29 November 1945
Predecessor	Alexander I
Successor	Monarchy abolished
Regent	Paul (1934–41)
Born	6 September 1923; Belgrade, Yugoslavia
Died	3 November 1970 (aged 47); Denver, Colorado, US
Burial	Libertyville, Illinois, US (on 22 January 2013 moved to Belgrade, Serbia, before reburial in St. George's Church in Oplenac nearby Topola on 26 May 2013)
Spouse	Alexandra of Greece
Issue	Alexander, Crown Prince of Yugoslavia
House	House of Karađorđević
Father	Alexander I of Yugoslavia
Mother	Maria of Romania
Religion	Eastern Orthodox

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Peter II of Yugoslavia, also known as Peter II Karađorđević (Serbo-Croatian: Petar II Karađorđević, Serbian Cyrillic: Петар II Карађорђевић; 6 September 1923 – 3 November 1970), was the third and last King of Yugoslavia and the last reigning member of the Karađorđević dynasty, founded early in the 19th century. Peter II was the eldest son of King Alexander I and Queen Maria (born Princess of Romania); his godfather was George VI of the United Kingdom, his mother's second cousin.

Early life

His education commenced at the Royal Palace. He then attended Sandroyd School in Wiltshire, England. When he was 11 years old, Peter succeeded to the Yugoslav throne in 1934 upon the assassination of his father King Alexander I in Marseille during a state visit to France. Because of the King's young age, a regency was established, headed by his father's cousin Prince Paul of Yugoslavia.

World War II

Although Peter II and his advisers opposed Nazi Germany, Regent Prince Paul declared that the Kingdom of Yugoslavia would join the Tripartite Pact on 25 March 1941. Two days later, King Peter, at age 17, was proclaimed of age, and participated in a British-supported coup d'état opposing the Tripartite Pact.^[1]^{[unreliable source?]}

Postponing Operation Barbarossa, Germany simultaneously attacked Yugoslavia and Greece. Within a week, Germany, Bulgaria, Hungary and Italy invaded Yugoslavia and the government was forced to surrender on 17 April. Yugoslavia was divided to satisfy Italian, Bulgarian, Hungarian and German demands.

Peter left the country with the Yugoslav government following the Axis invasion;^[2] initially the King went with his government to Greece, then to Jerusalem in the British Mandate of Palestine, and to Cairo. He went to the United Kingdom in June 1941, where he joined numerous other governments in exile from Nazi-occupied Europe.^[3] The King completed his education at Cambridge University and joined the Royal Air Force.

Marriage

Peter married his third cousin, Princess Alexandra of Greece and Denmark, in London on 20 March 1944. They had one son, Alexander, born on 17 July 1945.

Deposition and exile

Peter was deposed by Yugoslavia's Communist Constituent Assembly on 29 November 1945. After the war, he settled in the United States. After many years of suffering from cirrhosis of the liver,^[4] he died in Denver, Colorado, on 3 November 1970, after a failed liver transplant.

Peter was interred at the Saint Sava Monastery Church at Libertyville, Illinois, the only European monarch ever buried on American soil.^[5]^[6]

Return of remains and state funeral

On 4 March 2007, former Crown Prince Alexander announced plans to have his father's remains repatriated to Serbia. The plan upset some Serbian-Americans. Peter II had chosen St. Sava Serbian Orthodox Monastery as his interim resting place because of the extenuating circumstances that afflicted his homeland.^[7] After talks with the Serbian government, the move was confirmed in January 2013 with the burial place being the Royal Family Mausoleum in Oplenac.^[1]

On 22 January 2013, Peter's remains were returned to Belgrade, Serbia.^[8] He lay in state in the Royal Chapel in Dedinje before being buried in the Royal Family Mausoleum at Oplenac on 26 May 2013 along with his wife, Queen Alexandra. His mother, Queen Marie, and his brother, Prince Andrej, lie nearby. The Serbian Royal Regalia were placed over Peter's coffin. Present at the return ceremony were the Prime Minister Ivica Dačić, Peter's son Alexander with his family, and Patriarch Irinej of Serbia.^[3]^[9] The latter openly advocated for the restoration of the Serbian monarchy.^[10]

Gallery

Royal Standard of the King of Yugoslavia
Bernard Montgomery (left), King Peter II (center), and Winston Churchill (right) in July 1941
King Peter II of Yugoslavia in uniform of Field Marshal 1966
Saint Sava Orthodox Monastery Church, Libertyville, Illinois, where Peter II was buried for over four decades, before his remains were repatriated to Serbia
Former grave of Peter II at the Saint Sava Monastery Church at Libertyville, Illinois, 1987

Titles, styles, honours and arms

Titles and styles

6 September 1923 – 9 October 1934: His Royal Highness the Crown Prince of Yugoslavia
9 October 1934 – 29 November 1945: His Majesty the King of Yugoslavia
29 November 1945 – 3 November 1970 in pretense: His Majesty King Peter II of Yugoslavia

Honours

National dynastic honours

House of Karađorđević: Sovereign Knight Grand Collar of the Order of St. Prince Lazar^[11]^[12]
House of Karađorđević: Sovereign Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Star of Karađorđe^[13]
House of Karađorđević: Sovereign Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the White Eagle^[14]
Yugoslavian Royal Family: Sovereign Knight Grand Cross with of the Order of St. Sava^[15]
Yugoslavian Royal Family: Sovereign Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Yugoslav Crown^[16]

Foreign honours

France: Knight Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour^[17]^[18]
Greek Royal Family: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Redeemer^[19]
SMOM: 73rd Grand Master Protector Bailiff Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of St. John^[20]^[21]

Ancestry

Family of Peter II of Yugoslavia

Karađorđe Petrović

Alexander Karađorđević, Prince of Serbia

Jelena Jovanović

Peter I of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes

Jevrem Nenadović

Persida Nenadović

Jovanka Milovanović

Alexander I of Yugoslavia

Mirko Petrović-Njegoš

Nicholas I of Montenegro

Anastasija Martinović

Zorka of Montenegro

Petar Vukotić

Milena Vukotić

Jelena Vojvodić

Peter II of Yugoslavia

Charles Anthony, Prince of Hohenzollern

Leopold, Prince of Hohenzollern

Princess Josephine of Baden

Ferdinand I of Romania

Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

Infanta Antónia of Portugal

Maria II of Portugal

Maria of Romania

Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

Victoria of the United Kingdom

Marie of Edinburgh

Alexander II of Russia

Maria Alexandrovna of Russia

Marie of Hesse and by Rhine

Bibliography

Petar. A King's Heritage; The Memoirs of King Peter II of Yugoslavia. London: Cassell, 1955.

References

^ ^a ^b "HM King Peter II Returns Home after 72 Years". Balkans.com Business News. Balkans.com. 20 January 2013. Retrieved 23 January 2013.
^ Yugoslavia's exiled Queen returns home at long last
^ ^a ^b "Remains of last Yugoslav king Peter II Karadjordjevic returned from US to Serbia". The Washington Post. washingtonpost.com. Associated Press. 22 January 2013. Retrieved 23 January 2013.
^ Overy, Richard (2010). The Second World War: The Complete Illustrated History. Carlton Books. ISBN 978-1-84732-451-1.
^ http://photoblog.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/01/23/16664297-only-european-king-buried-on-us-soil-goes-back-home?lite
^ http://serbamericanhistoryfilm.com/king-petar-of-yugoslavia/
^ Tarm, Michael (4 March 2007). "King's body in U.S. may head to homeland". The Boston Globe. boston.com. Associated Press. Retrieved 23 January 2013.
^ "King Peter II Now in Royal Palace Chapel". Royal Family of Serbia.
^ "The remains of King Peter II in Belgrade (Посмртни остаци краља Петра II у Београду)". Radio Television of Serbia (in Serbian). rtv.rs. Tanjug. 22 January 2013. Retrieved 23 January 2013.
^ Serbian Patriarch Irinej states that Serbia needs emperor or king, or some form of parliamentary monarchy. Retrieved 23 January 2013.
^ http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_pzICWg_Xk24/SecY0Q1jO0I/AAAAAAAACnQ/K-JjECDeI4k/s1600-h/Njegovo_Kraljevsko_Visocanstvo_-_kralj_Petar_II_od_Jugoslavije.png
^ https://iamachild.files.wordpress.com/2011/04/king-peter-ii-karadjordjevic.jpg?w=500
^ http://i11.tinypic.com/2lkvbjb.jpg
^ http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-27SFg-MkwN0/UVNioyZ8LaI/AAAAAAAAAyc/hVzaKvMHtyk/s1600/Yugo_Peter2.gif
^ http://forum.alexanderpalace.org/index.php?topic=5998.45
^ http://www.czipm.org/Grafika/Foto/povratak-kralja-01.jpg
^ http://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/f261/king-peter-ii-1923-1970-and-alexandra-of-greece-1921-1993-a-28203.html
^ http://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/attachment.php?attachmentid=274356&d=1110047561
^ http://www.royal-magazin.de/yugoslavia/emeralds-queen-serbia-necklace.htm
^ http://san-luigi.org/government/high-protector-of-the-order-of-the-crown-of-thorns/
^ https://abbeysanluigi.files.wordpress.com/2014/03/king-peter-ii-with-harrison-smith.jpg

External links

Regnal titles
Peter II of Yugoslavia House of Karađorđević Born: 6 September 1923 Died: 3 November 1970
Preceded by Aleksandar I	King of Yugoslavia 9 October 1934 – 29 November 1945	Monarchy abolished
Titles in pretence
Loss of title Communist Republic declared	— TITULAR — King of Yugoslavia 29 November 1945 – 3 November 1970	Succeeded by Crown Prince Alexander

Template:Persondata

[balkans-1] "HM King Peter II Returns Home after 72 Years". Balkans.com Business News. Balkans.com. 20 January 2013. Retrieved 23 January 2013.

[2] Yugoslavia's exiled Queen returns home at long last

[post-3] "Remains of last Yugoslav king Peter II Karadjordjevic returned from US to Serbia". The Washington Post. washingtonpost.com. Associated Press. 22 January 2013. Retrieved 23 January 2013.

[overy-4] Overy, Richard (2010). The Second World War: The Complete Illustrated History. Carlton Books. ISBN 978-1-84732-451-1.

[5] ttp://photoblog.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/01/23/16664297-only-european-king-buried-on-us-soil-goes-back-home?lite

[6] ttp://serbamericanhistoryfilm.com/king-petar-of-yugoslavia/

[tarm-7] Tarm, Michael (4 March 2007). "King's body in U.S. may head to homeland". The Boston Globe. boston.com. Associated Press. Retrieved 23 January 2013.

[8] "King Peter II Now in Royal Palace Chapel". Royal Family of Serbia.

[rtv-9] "The remains of King Peter II in Belgrade (Посмртни остаци краља Петра II у Београду)". Radio Television of Serbia (in Serbian). rtv.rs. Tanjug. 22 January 2013. Retrieved 23 January 2013.

[10] Serbian Patriarch Irinej states that Serbia needs emperor or king, or some form of parliamentary monarchy. Retrieved 23 January 2013.

[11] ttp://2.bp.blogspot.com/_pzICWg_Xk24/SecY0Q1jO0I/AAAAAAAACnQ/K-JjECDeI4k/s1600-h/Njegovo_Kraljevsko_Visocanstvo_-_kralj_Petar_II_od_Jugoslavije.png

[12] ttps://iamachild.files.wordpress.com/2011/04/king-peter-ii-karadjordjevic.jpg?w=500

[13] ttp://i11.tinypic.com/2lkvbjb.jpg

[14] ttp://4.bp.blogspot.com/-27SFg-MkwN0/UVNioyZ8LaI/AAAAAAAAAyc/hVzaKvMHtyk/s1600/Yugo_Peter2.gif

[15] ttp://forum.alexanderpalace.org/index.php?topic=5998.45

[16] ttp://www.czipm.org/Grafika/Foto/povratak-kralja-01.jpg

[17] ttp://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/f261/king-peter-ii-1923-1970-and-alexandra-of-greece-1921-1993-a-28203.html

[18] ttp://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/attachment.php?attachmentid=274356&d=1110047561

[19] ttp://www.royal-magazin.de/yugoslavia/emeralds-queen-serbia-necklace.htm

[20] ttp://san-luigi.org/government/high-protector-of-the-order-of-the-crown-of-thorns/

[21] ttps://abbeysanluigi.files.wordpress.com/2014/03/king-peter-ii-with-harrison-smith.jpg

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@@ Line 73: / Line 73: @@
 ===Honours===
+====National dynastic honours====
-{| class="wikitable"
+* {{flagicon|Kingdom of Yugoslavia}} [[Karađorđević dynasty|House of Karađorđević]]: Sovereign Knight Grand Collar of the [[Order of St. Prince Lazar]]<ref>http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_pzICWg_Xk24/SecY0Q1jO0I/AAAAAAAACnQ/K-JjECDeI4k/s1600-h/Njegovo_Kraljevsko_Visocanstvo_-_kralj_Petar_II_od_Jugoslavije.png</ref><ref>https://iamachild.files.wordpress.com/2011/04/king-peter-ii-karadjordjevic.jpg?w=500</ref>
-|-  style="background:#ccf; text-align:center;"
+* {{flagicon|Kingdom of Yugoslavia}} [[Karađorđević dynasty|House of Karađorđević]]: Sovereign Knight Grand Cross of the [[Order of the Star of Karađorđe]]<ref>http://i11.tinypic.com/2lkvbjb.jpg</ref>
-| colspan=2 |'''Kingdom of Yugoslavia'''
+* {{flagicon|Kingdom of Yugoslavia}} [[Karađorđević dynasty|House of Karađorđević]]: Sovereign Knight Grand Cross of the [[Order of the White Eagle (Serbia)|Order of the White Eagle]]<ref> http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-27SFg-MkwN0/UVNioyZ8LaI/AAAAAAAAAyc/hVzaKvMHtyk/s1600/Yugo_Peter2.gif </ref>
-|-
+* {{flagicon|Kingdom of Yugoslavia}} [[Karađorđević dynasty|Yugoslavian Royal Family]]: Sovereign Knight Grand Cross with of the [[Order of St. Sava]]<ref>http://forum.alexanderpalace.org/index.php?topic=5998.45</ref>
-|{{ribbon devices|ribbon=Noribbon.svg|width=50}}
+* {{flagicon|Kingdom of Yugoslavia}} [[Karađorđević dynasty|Yugoslavian Royal Family]]: Sovereign Knight Grand Cross of the [[Order of the Yugoslav Crown]]<ref>http://www.czipm.org/Grafika/Foto/povratak-kralja-01.jpg</ref>
-|[[Order of St. Prince Lazar]], Collar
-|-
+====Foreign honours====
-|{{ribbon devices|ribbon=Order of the Karađorđe's Star rib.png|width=50}}
+* {{flag|France}}: Knight Grand Cross of the [[Legion of Honour]]<ref>http://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/f261/king-peter-ii-1923-1970-and-alexandra-of-greece-1921-1993-a-28203.html</ref><ref>http://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/attachment.php?attachmentid=274356&d=1110047561</ref>
-|[[Order of the Karađorđe's Star]], Grand Master and Grand Cross
+* {{flagicon|Greece|royal}} [[Greek Royal Family]]: Knight Grand Cross of the [[Order of the Redeemer]]<ref>http://www.royal-magazin.de/yugoslavia/emeralds-queen-serbia-necklace.htm</ref>
-|-
+* {{flag|SMOM}}: 73rd Grand Master Protector Bailiff Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the [[Medals, awards and orders of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta|Order of St. John]]<ref>http://san-luigi.org/government/high-protector-of-the-order-of-the-crown-of-thorns/</ref><ref>https://abbeysanluigi.files.wordpress.com/2014/03/king-peter-ii-with-harrison-smith.jpg</ref>
-|{{ribbon devices|ribbon=Order of the Karađorđe's Star with Swords rib.png|width=50}}
-|[[Order of the Karađorđe's Star with Swords]], Grand Master
-|-
-|{{ribbon devices|ribbon=SRB Orden Belog Orla BAR.svg|width=50}}
-|[[Order of the White Eagle (Serbia)|Order of the White Eagle]], Grand Master and Grand Cross
-|-
-|{{ribbon devices|ribbon=Order of the White Eagle War Merit ribbon sm.png|width=50}}
-|[[Order of the White Eagle (Serbia)|Order of the White Eagle with Swords]], Grand Master
-|-
-|{{ribbon devices|ribbon=Ordre de la Couronne de Yougoslavie (Royaume).png|width=50}}
-|[[Order of the Yugoslav Crown]], Grand Master and Grand Cross
-|-
-|{{ribbon devices|ribbon=Ord.St.Sava-ribbon.jpg|width=50}}
-|[[Order of St. Sava]], Grand Master and Grand Cross
-|-  style="background:#ccf; text-align:center;"
-| colspan=2 |'''International and Foreign Awards'''
-|-
-|{{ribbon devices|ribbon=Legion Honneur GC ribbon.svg|width=50}}
-|[[Legion of Honour]], Grand Cross ([[France]])
-|-
-|{{ribbon devices|ribbon=GRE Order Redeemer 1Class.png|width=50}}
-|[[Order of the Redeemer]], Grand Cross ([[Kingdom of Greece|Greece]])
-|-
-|{{ribbon devices|ribbon=Order of the Most Holy Annunciation BAR.svg|width=50}}
-|[[Order of the Most Holy Annunciation]], Collar ([[House of Savoy]])
-|-
-|{{ribbon devices|ribbon=Cavaliere di gran Croce SSML BAR.svg|width=50}}
-|[[Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus]], Grand Cross (House of Savoy)
-|-
-|{{ribbon devices|ribbon=Gran croce OCI BAR.svg|width=50}}
-|[[Order of the Crown of Italy]], Grand Cross (House of Savoy)
-|-
-|{{ribbon devices|ribbon=Sacro Militare Ordine Costantiniano di San Giorgio.png|width=50}}
-|Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George ([[Kingdom of the Two Sicilies]])
-|-
-|{{ribbon devices|ribbon=OPMM-co.svg|width=50}}
-|[[Order pro merito Melitensi]], Bailiff Knight Grand Cross with Collar ([[Sovereign Military Order of Malta]])
-|}
 ==Ancestry==

v t e Serbian princes
Forefather	Prince Alexander
1st generation	King Peter I Prince Arsen¹
2nd generation	Prince George¹ King Alexander I¹ Prince Paul¹ Prince Alexis¹ Prince Bojidar¹
3rd generation	King Peter II¹ Prince Tomislav¹ Prince Andrew¹ Prince Alexander¹ Prince Nicholas¹
4th generation	Crown Prince Alexander¹ Prince Dimitri¹
5th generation	Prince Peter¹ Hereditary Prince Philip¹ Prince Alexander¹
¹ also Prince of Yugoslavia

Authority control databases
International	ISNI VIAF FAST WorldCat
National	Germany United States France BnF data Italy Czech Republic Netherlands Croatia Poland Belgium
People	Deutsche Biographie DDB
Other	IdRef NARA

v t e Pretenders to the Yugoslavian and Serbian throne since 1945
Former King: Peter II (1945–1970) Apparent: Crown Prince Alexander (since 1970) Presumptive: Prince Tomislav (1970–1980) Prince Peter (1980–2022) Prince Philip (since 2022)
See also House of Karađorđević