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{{Apartheid}}
{{Apartheid}}


'''Helen Suzman''', [[Order of the British Empire|DBE]] (7 November 1917 &ndash; 1 January 2009) was a liberal [[South Africa]]n anti-[[apartheid]] activist and [[Politics of South Africa|politician]].
'''Helen Suzman''', [[Order of the British Empire|DBE]] (7 November 1917 &ndash; 1 January 2009) was a liberal [[South Africa]]n [[Internal resistance to apartheid|anti-apartheid]] activist and [[Politics of South Africa|politician]].


==Early life and career==
==Early life and career==
Suzman, a lifelong citizen of South Africa, was born '''Helen Gavronsky''' in 1917 to Samuel and Frieda Gavronsky, [[Lithuanian Jews|Jewish Lithuanian]] immigrants.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/jan/01/southafrica-race|work=The Guardian|location=London|title=Anti-apartheid campaigner Helen Suzman dies at 91|first=Mark|last=Tran|date=1 January 2009|accessdate=2010-05-04}}</ref><ref name=BBCObituary>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/1694056.stm|title=Obituary: Helen Suzman|publisher=BBC|accessdate=2009-01-01|date=1 January 2009}}</ref> Suzman matriculated in 1933 from Parktown Convent, Johannesburg. She studied as an [[economist]] and [[statistician]] at [[Witwatersrand University]]. At age 19, she married Dr Moses Suzman (died 1994), who was considerably older than she was; the couple had two daughters. She returned to university lecturing in 1944, later giving up her teaching vocation to enter politics. She was elected to the [[House of Assembly of South Africa|House of Assembly]] in 1953 as a member of the [[United Party (South Africa)|United Party]] for the Houghton constituency in Johannesburg.
Suzman, a lifelong citizen of South Africa, was born '''Helen Gavronsky''' in 1917 to Samuel and Frieda Gavronsky, [[Lithuanian Jews|Jewish Lithuanian]] immigrants.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/jan/01/southafrica-race|work=The Guardian|location=London|title=Anti-apartheid campaigner Helen Suzman dies at 91|first=Mark|last=Tran|date=1 January 2009|accessdate=2010-05-04}}</ref><ref name=BBCObituary>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/1694056.stm|title=Obituary: Helen Suzman|publisher=BBC News |accessdate=2009-01-01|date=1 January 2009}}</ref> Suzman matriculated in 1933 from Parktown Convent, Johannesburg. She studied as an [[economist]] and [[statistician]] at [[Witwatersrand University]]. At age 19, she married Dr Moses Suzman (died 1994), who was considerably older than she was; the couple had two daughters. She returned to university lecturing in 1944, later giving up her teaching vocation to enter politics. She was elected to the [[House of Assembly of South Africa|House of Assembly]] in 1953 as a member of the [[United Party (South Africa)|United Party]] for the Houghton constituency in Johannesburg.


===Political activism===
===Political activism===
Suzman and eleven other liberal members of the United Party broke away to form the [[Progressive Party (South Africa)|Progressive Party]] in 1959. At the 1961 general election all the other Progressive MPs lost their seats, leaving Suzman as the sole parliamentarian unequivocally opposed to apartheid for thirteen years from 1961 to 1974.<ref>In No Uncertain Terms, Memoirs Helen Suzman Jonathan Ball Publishers</ref><ref name=econ1401>{{cite news|url=http://www.economist.com/news/books-and-arts/21594233-long-life-south-african-heroine-liberal-light|title=Liberal light: The long life of a South African heroine|newspaper=[[The Economist]]|date=18 January 2014}}</ref> She was often harassed by the police and her phone was tapped by them. She had a special technique for dealing with [[eavesdropping]], which was to blow a whistle into the mouthpiece of the phone.<ref name=NYTimesObituary>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/02/world/africa/02suzman.html?pagewanted=1&ref=africa|title=Helen Suzman, Relentless Challenger of Apartheid System, Is Dead at 91 |publisher=New York Times|accessdate=01-10-2009 | first1=John F. | last1=Burns | first2=Alan | last2=Cowell | date=2 January 2009}}</ref>
Suzman and eleven other liberal members of the United Party broke away to form the [[Progressive Party (South Africa)|Progressive Party]] in 1959. At the 1961 general election all the other Progressive MPs lost their seats, leaving Suzman as the sole parliamentarian unequivocally opposed to apartheid for thirteen years from 1961 to 1974.<ref>In No Uncertain Terms, Memoirs Helen Suzman Jonathan Ball Publishers</ref><ref name=econ1401>{{cite news |url=http://www.economist.com/news/books-and-arts/21594233-long-life-south-african-heroine-liberal-light |title=Liberal light: The long life of a South African heroine |newspaper=[[The Economist]] |date=18 January 2014}}</ref> She was often harassed by the police and her phone was tapped by them. She had a special technique for dealing with [[eavesdropping]], which was to blow a whistle into the mouthpiece of the phone.<ref name=NYTimesObituary>{{cite news |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/02/world/africa/02suzman.html?pagewanted=1&ref=africa |title=Helen Suzman, Relentless Challenger of Apartheid System, Is Dead at 91 |newspaper=The New York Times |accessdate=2009-01-10 | first1=John F. | last1=Burns | first2=Alan | last2=Cowell | date=2 January 2009}}</ref>


An eloquent public speaker with a sharp and witty manner, Suzman was noted for her strong public criticism of the governing [[National Party (South Africa)|National Party's]] policies of [[apartheid]] at a time when this was atypical of white South Africans. She found herself even more of an outsider because she was an English-speaking Jewish woman in a parliament dominated by [[Calvinist]] [[Afrikaner]] men. She was once accused by a minister of asking questions in parliament that embarrassed South Africa, to which she replied: "It is not my questions that embarrass South Africa; it is your answers".<ref>[http://www.hsf.org.za/shelen2.asp The Helen Suzman Foundation]</ref>
An eloquent public speaker with a sharp and witty manner, Suzman was noted for her strong public criticism of the governing [[National Party (South Africa)|National Party's]] policies of [[apartheid]] at a time when this was atypical of white South Africans. She found herself even more of an outsider because she was an English-speaking Jewish woman in a parliament dominated by [[Calvinism|Calvinist]] [[Afrikaner]] men. She was once accused by a minister of asking questions in parliament that embarrassed South Africa, to which she replied: "It is not my questions that embarrass South Africa; it is your answers."<ref>[http://www.hsf.org.za/shelen2.asp The Helen Suzman Foundation]</ref>


Later, as parliamentary white opposition to apartheid grew, the Progressive Party merged with [[Harry Schwarz]]'s Reform Party and became the [[Progressive Reform Party (South Africa)|Progressive Reform Party]]. It was renamed the [[Progressive Federal Party]], and Suzman was joined in parliament by notable liberal colleagues such as [[Colin Eglin]]. She spent a total of 36 years in parliament.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Obituary: Helen Suzman|journal=The Economist|volume=390|issue=8613|page=73|publisher=The Economist Newspaper Ltd|location=London, England, UK|date=10 January 2009}}</ref> She visited [[Nelson Mandela]] on numerous occasions while he was in prison, and was present when he signed the new [[Constitution of South Africa|constitution]] in 1996.<ref name="CôteSaint-Luc ">{{cite web|url=http://www.cotesaintluc.org/en/HumanRightsWalkway2007|title=Côte Saint-Luc adds name to Human Rights Walkway|accessdate=2009-01-01}}</ref>
Later, as parliamentary white opposition to apartheid grew, the Progressive Party merged with [[Harry Schwarz]]'s Reform Party and became the [[Progressive Reform Party (South Africa)|Progressive Reform Party]]. It was renamed the [[Progressive Federal Party]], and Suzman was joined in parliament by notable liberal colleagues such as [[Colin Eglin]]. She spent a total of 36 years in parliament.<ref>{{cite news |title=Obituary: Helen Suzman |newspaper=The Economist |volume=390 |issue=8613 |page=73 |location=London |date=10 January 2009}}</ref> She visited [[Nelson Mandela]] on numerous occasions while he was in prison, and was present when he signed the new [[Constitution of South Africa|constitution]] in 1996.<ref name="CôteSaint-Luc ">{{cite web|url=http://www.cotesaintluc.org/en/HumanRightsWalkway2007|title=Côte Saint-Luc adds name to Human Rights Walkway|accessdate=2009-01-01}}</ref>


==Recognition and legacy==
==Recognition and legacy==
While working from within the system, she earned the respect of [[Nelson Mandela]] who praised her courage and credited her with helping to alleviate conditions of incarceration. Always outspoken and independent, she spoke out against the regime but at times opposed Mr. Mandela's policies. She opposed economic sanctions as counter productive and harmful to poor blacks. After Mandela's release "she was prominent among those ... who persuaded him to drop the ANC's revolutionary program in favor of an evolutionary one, retaining a market economy and a parliamentary democracy."<ref name=econ1401/> She continued to be a critic after the fall of Apartheid. She was critical of Mandela when he praised [[Muammar Qaddafi]] as a supporter of human rights.<ref name=econ1401/> According to her biographer, Lord [[Robin Renwick]], before and after the ANC came to power she continued to speak out against those in power who would "put party and state above the individual whether black or white."<ref name=econ1401/>
While working from within the system, she earned the respect of Nelson Mandela, who praised her courage and credited her with helping to alleviate conditions of incarceration. Always outspoken and independent, she spoke out against the regime but at times opposed Mr. Mandela's policies. She opposed economic sanctions as counter productive and harmful to poor blacks. After Mandela's release "she was prominent among those ... who persuaded him to drop the ANC's revolutionary program in favor of an evolutionary one, retaining a market economy and a parliamentary democracy."<ref name=econ1401/> She continued to be a critic after the fall of Apartheid. She was critical of Mandela when he praised [[Muammar Qaddafi]] as a supporter of human rights.<ref name=econ1401/> According to her biographer, Lord [[Robin Renwick]], before and after the ANC came to power she continued to speak out against those in power who would "put party and state above the individual whether black or white".<ref name=econ1401/>


The ANC and [[South African Communist Party|SACP]] were critical of her method of opposition to Apartheid. She was denounced as an agent of colonialism and "part of the system" as well as for her failure to back sanctions.<ref name=econ1401/> Mandela remained an admirer, saying "the consistency with which you defended the basic values of freedom and the rule of law over the last three decades has earned you the admiration of many South Africans."<ref name=econ1401/>
The ANC and [[South African Communist Party|SACP]] were critical of her method of opposition to Apartheid. She was denounced as an agent of colonialism and "part of the system" as well as for her failure to back sanctions.<ref name=econ1401/> Mandela remained an admirer, saying "the consistency with which you defended the basic values of freedom and the rule of law over the last three decades has earned you the admiration of many South Africans."<ref name=econ1401/>


Suzman was awarded 27 honorary doctorates from universities around the world, was twice nominated for the [[Nobel Peace Prize]]<ref name="Kings">{{cite web|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/news/news_details.php?news_id=732&year=2008|title=King’s confers first Honorary Degree|publisher=kcl.ac.uk|accessdate=2009-01-01}}</ref> and received countless other awards from religious and human rights organizations around the world. Former Queen of South Africa, [[Elizabeth II]] made her an honorary [[Dame Commander]] (Civil Division) of the [[Order of the British Empire]] in 1989.<ref name="BBCsuzmandies"/> She was voted #24 in the [[Great South Africans (television series)|Top 100 Great South Africans]] TV series.
Suzman was awarded 27 honorary doctorates from universities around the world, was twice nominated for the [[Nobel Peace Prize]]<ref name="Kings">{{cite web|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/news/news_details.php?news_id=732&year=2008|title=King's confers first Honorary Degree|publisher=kcl.ac.uk|accessdate=2009-01-01}}</ref> and received countless other awards from religious and human rights organizations around the world. Former Queen of South Africa, [[Elizabeth II]] made her an honorary [[Dame Commander]] (Civil Division) of the [[Order of the British Empire]] in 1989.<ref name="BBCsuzmandies"/> She was voted #24 in the [[Great South Africans (television series)|Top 100 Great South Africans]] TV series.


==Death==
==Death==
Suzman died on [[New Year's Day]] 2009, aged 91 of natural causes, in her sleep.<ref name="BBCsuzmandies">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/7807070.stm|title=Anti-apartheid icon Suzman dies|publisher=BBC|accessdate=2009-01-01 | date=2 January 2009}}</ref> [[Achmat Dangor]], [[Nelson Mandela Foundation]] chief executive, said Suzman was a "great patriot and a fearless fighter against apartheid".
Suzman died on [[New Year's Day]] 2009, aged 91 of natural causes, in her sleep.<ref name="BBCsuzmandies">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/7807070.stm|title=Anti-apartheid icon Suzman dies|publisher=BBC News |accessdate=2009-01-01 | date=2 January 2009}}</ref> [[Achmat Dangor]], [[Nelson Mandela Foundation]] chief executive, said Suzman was a "great patriot and a fearless fighter against apartheid".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2009/01/01/world/main4695097.shtml?tag=main_home_storiesBySection|work=CBS News|title=South African Activist Helen Suzman Dies|date=1 January 2009}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2009/01/01/world/main4695097.shtml?tag=main_home_storiesBySection|work=CBS News|title=South African Activist Helen Suzman Dies|date=1 January 2009}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
Line 45: Line 44:
* [[List of Jews from Sub-Saharan Africa]]
* [[List of Jews from Sub-Saharan Africa]]
* [[Progressive Party (South Africa)]]
* [[Progressive Party (South Africa)]]
* [[Janet Suzman]], her niece and [[South Africa]]n actress and director.
* [[Janet Suzman]], her niece and [[South Africa]]n actress and director


==References==
==References==
Line 51: Line 50:


==Bibliography==
==Bibliography==
* Joanna Strangwayes-Booth: "A Cricket in the Thorn Tree. Helen Suzman and the Progressive Party'. Johannesburg Hutchinson Group, 1976. ISBN 0-09 126080 9
* Joanna Strangwayes-Booth: ''A Cricket in the Thorn Tree: Helen Suzman and the Progressive Party''. Johannesburg Hutchinson Group, 1976. ISBN 0-09 126080 9
* Ed. Robin Lee,"Values Alive. A Tribute to Helen Suzman'. Johannesburg, Jonathan Ball, 1990. ISBN 0-947464 23 9
* Ed. Robin Lee, ''Values Alive. A Tribute to Helen Suzman''. Johannesburg, Jonathan Ball, 1990. ISBN 0-947464 23 9
* Ed. Phyllis Lewson, "Helen Suzman's Solo Years". Johannesburg, Jonathan Ball and A.D Donker, 1991. ISBN 0-86852 191 4
* Ed. Phyllis Lewson, ''Helen Suzman's Solo Years''. Johannesburg, Jonathan Ball and A.D Donker, 1991. ISBN 0-86852 191 4
* Helen Suzman: ''In No Uncertain Terms: A South African Memoir''. New York, Knopf, 1993. ISBN 0-679-40985-8
* Helen Suzman: ''In No Uncertain Terms: A South African Memoir''. New York, Knopf, 1993. ISBN 0-679-40985-8
* Exhib. Catalogue "Helen Suzman. Fighter for Human Rights'. Cape Town, South African Jewish Museum publ Kaplan Centre for Jewish Studies, UCT, 2005, ISBN 0-620 33955 1
* Exhib. Catalogue ''Helen Suzman: Fighter for Human Rights''. Cape Town, South African Jewish Museum publ Kaplan Centre for Jewish Studies, UCT, 2005, ISBN 0-620 33955 1
* Helen Suzman Foundation: "Focus" :Tribute Issue 48, December 2007, ISSN 1680-9822
* Helen Suzman Foundation: ''Focus'': Tribute Issue 48, December 2007, ISSN 1680-9822
* Helen Suzman Foundation: "Focus" :Suzman Tribute Edition, Issue 53, April 2009, ISSN 1680-9822
* Helen Suzman Foundation: ''Focus'': Suzman Tribute Edition, Issue 53, April 2009, ISSN 1680-9822
* Gillian Godsell, "Helen Suzman" (Series: They Fought for Freedom), Cape Town, Maskew Miller Longman, 2011. ISBN 978-0-636-09816-9
* Gillian Godsell, ''Helen Suzman'' (Series: They Fought for Freedom), Cape Town, Maskew Miller Longman, 2011. ISBN 978-0-636-09816-9
* Robin Renwick: ''Helen Suzman. Bright Star in a Dark Chamber''. London, Biteback Publ., 2014. ISBN 978-1849546676
* Robin Renwick: ''Helen Suzman: Bright Star in a Dark Chamber''. London, Biteback Publ., 2014. ISBN 978-1849546676


==External links==
==External links==
Line 65: Line 64:
*[http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/womanshour/01/2007_48_thu.shtml Helen Suzman] (BBC radio programme)
*[http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/womanshour/01/2007_48_thu.shtml Helen Suzman] (BBC radio programme)
*[http://www.cotesaintluc.org/en/HumanRightsWalkway2007 Helen Suzman honoured in Côte Saint-Luc], Quebec Canada
*[http://www.cotesaintluc.org/en/HumanRightsWalkway2007 Helen Suzman honoured in Côte Saint-Luc], Quebec Canada
*[http://www.thepost.co.za/?fSectionId=3533&fArticleId=nw20090101141706592C488959 The Post], 1 January 2009
*[http://www.thepost.co.za/?fSectionId=3533&fArticleId=nw20090101141706592C488959 ''The Post''], 1 January 2009{{dead link|date=November 2015}}
*[http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/jan/01/southafrica-race Mark Tran, ''Anti-apartheid campaigner Helen Suzman dies at 91'', The Guardian, Thursday 1 January 2009]
* Mark Tran, [http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/jan/01/southafrica-race "Anti-apartheid campaigner Helen Suzman dies at 91"]], ''The Guardian'', Thursday 1 January 2009]
*[http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/jan/01/helen-suzman Stanley Uys, ''Helen Suzman: Campaigner who single-handedly carried the anti-racism banner in South Africa's apartheid parliament'', The Guardian, Thursday, 1 January 2009]
* Stanley Uys, [http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/jan/01/helen-suzman "Helen Suzman: Campaigner who single-handedly carried the anti-racism banner in South Africa's apartheid parliament"], ''The Guardian'', Thursday, 1 January 2009
*[http://voanews.com/english/2009-01-01-voa21.cfm Anti-Apartheid Activist Helen Suzman Dies at 91 By Scott Bobb] [[Voice of America]]
* Scott Bobb, [http://voanews.com/english/2009-01-01-voa21.cfm "Anti-Apartheid Activist Helen Suzman Dies at 91"] [[Voice of America]]
*[http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/02/world/africa/02suzman.html?_r=1&hp Helen Suzman, Anti-Apartheid Leader, Dies at 91, The New York Times, 1 January 2009]
* [http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/02/world/africa/02suzman.html?_r=1&hp "Helen Suzman, Anti-Apartheid Leader, Dies at 91"], ''The New York Times'', 1 January 2009
*[http://www.mg.co.za/article/2009-03-01-helen-suzman-the-woman-who-changed-a-nation Helen Suzman: The woman who changed a nation] ''M&G''
* [http://www.mg.co.za/article/2009-03-01-helen-suzman-the-woman-who-changed-a-nation "Helen Suzman: The woman who changed a nation"] ''M&G''


{{s-start}}
{{s-start}}
Line 88: Line 87:
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = South African politician
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = South African politician
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1917-11-07
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1917-11-07
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Germiston, Gauteng|Germiston]], [[Gauteng]],<br>[[South Africa]]
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Germiston, Gauteng, South Africa
| DATE OF DEATH = 2009-01-01
| DATE OF DEATH = 2009-01-01
| PLACE OF DEATH = [[Johannesburg]],<br>[[South Africa]]
| PLACE OF DEATH = Johannesburg, South Africa
}}
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Suzman, Helen}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Suzman, Helen}}

Revision as of 09:19, 16 November 2015

Helen Suzman
Member of Parliament for Houghton
In office
1953–1989
Personal details
Born(1917-11-07)7 November 1917
Germiston, Transvaal,
South Africa
Died1 January 2009(2009-01-01) (aged 91)
Johannesburg, South Africa
Political partyUnited Party
Progressive Party
Progressive Reform Party
Progressive Federal Party
Part of a series on
Apartheid
Organisations
People
Places
Related topics

Helen Suzman, DBE (7 November 1917 – 1 January 2009) was a liberal South African anti-apartheid activist and politician.

Early life and career

Suzman, a lifelong citizen of South Africa, was born Helen Gavronsky in 1917 to Samuel and Frieda Gavronsky, Jewish Lithuanian immigrants.[1][2] Suzman matriculated in 1933 from Parktown Convent, Johannesburg. She studied as an economist and statistician at Witwatersrand University. At age 19, she married Dr Moses Suzman (died 1994), who was considerably older than she was; the couple had two daughters. She returned to university lecturing in 1944, later giving up her teaching vocation to enter politics. She was elected to the House of Assembly in 1953 as a member of the United Party for the Houghton constituency in Johannesburg.

Political activism

Suzman and eleven other liberal members of the United Party broke away to form the Progressive Party in 1959. At the 1961 general election all the other Progressive MPs lost their seats, leaving Suzman as the sole parliamentarian unequivocally opposed to apartheid for thirteen years from 1961 to 1974.[3][4] She was often harassed by the police and her phone was tapped by them. She had a special technique for dealing with eavesdropping, which was to blow a whistle into the mouthpiece of the phone.[5]

An eloquent public speaker with a sharp and witty manner, Suzman was noted for her strong public criticism of the governing National Party's policies of apartheid at a time when this was atypical of white South Africans. She found herself even more of an outsider because she was an English-speaking Jewish woman in a parliament dominated by Calvinist Afrikaner men. She was once accused by a minister of asking questions in parliament that embarrassed South Africa, to which she replied: "It is not my questions that embarrass South Africa; it is your answers."[6]

Later, as parliamentary white opposition to apartheid grew, the Progressive Party merged with Harry Schwarz's Reform Party and became the Progressive Reform Party. It was renamed the Progressive Federal Party, and Suzman was joined in parliament by notable liberal colleagues such as Colin Eglin. She spent a total of 36 years in parliament.[7] She visited Nelson Mandela on numerous occasions while he was in prison, and was present when he signed the new constitution in 1996.[8]

Recognition and legacy

While working from within the system, she earned the respect of Nelson Mandela, who praised her courage and credited her with helping to alleviate conditions of incarceration. Always outspoken and independent, she spoke out against the regime but at times opposed Mr. Mandela's policies. She opposed economic sanctions as counter productive and harmful to poor blacks. After Mandela's release "she was prominent among those ... who persuaded him to drop the ANC's revolutionary program in favor of an evolutionary one, retaining a market economy and a parliamentary democracy."[4] She continued to be a critic after the fall of Apartheid. She was critical of Mandela when he praised Muammar Qaddafi as a supporter of human rights.[4] According to her biographer, Lord Robin Renwick, before and after the ANC came to power she continued to speak out against those in power who would "put party and state above the individual whether black or white".[4]

The ANC and SACP were critical of her method of opposition to Apartheid. She was denounced as an agent of colonialism and "part of the system" as well as for her failure to back sanctions.[4] Mandela remained an admirer, saying "the consistency with which you defended the basic values of freedom and the rule of law over the last three decades has earned you the admiration of many South Africans."[4]

Suzman was awarded 27 honorary doctorates from universities around the world, was twice nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize[9] and received countless other awards from religious and human rights organizations around the world. Former Queen of South Africa, Elizabeth II made her an honorary Dame Commander (Civil Division) of the Order of the British Empire in 1989.[10] She was voted #24 in the Top 100 Great South Africans TV series.

Death

Suzman died on New Year's Day 2009, aged 91 of natural causes, in her sleep.[10] Achmat Dangor, Nelson Mandela Foundation chief executive, said Suzman was a "great patriot and a fearless fighter against apartheid".[11]

See also

References

  1. ^ Tran, Mark (1 January 2009). "Anti-apartheid campaigner Helen Suzman dies at 91". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 4 May 2010.
  2. ^ "Obituary: Helen Suzman". BBC News. 1 January 2009. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
  3. ^ In No Uncertain Terms, Memoirs Helen Suzman Jonathan Ball Publishers
  4. ^ a b c d e f "Liberal light: The long life of a South African heroine". The Economist. 18 January 2014.
  5. ^ Burns, John F.; Cowell, Alan (2 January 2009). "Helen Suzman, Relentless Challenger of Apartheid System, Is Dead at 91". The New York Times. Retrieved 10 January 2009.
  6. ^ The Helen Suzman Foundation
  7. ^ "Obituary: Helen Suzman". The Economist. Vol. 390, no. 8613. London. 10 January 2009. p. 73.
  8. ^ "Côte Saint-Luc adds name to Human Rights Walkway". Retrieved 1 January 2009.
  9. ^ "King's confers first Honorary Degree". kcl.ac.uk. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
  10. ^ a b "Anti-apartheid icon Suzman dies". BBC News. 2 January 2009. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
  11. ^ "South African Activist Helen Suzman Dies". CBS News. 1 January 2009.

Bibliography

  • Joanna Strangwayes-Booth: A Cricket in the Thorn Tree: Helen Suzman and the Progressive Party. Johannesburg Hutchinson Group, 1976. ISBN 0-09 126080 9
  • Ed. Robin Lee, Values Alive. A Tribute to Helen Suzman. Johannesburg, Jonathan Ball, 1990. ISBN 0-947464 23 9
  • Ed. Phyllis Lewson, Helen Suzman's Solo Years. Johannesburg, Jonathan Ball and A.D Donker, 1991. ISBN 0-86852 191 4
  • Helen Suzman: In No Uncertain Terms: A South African Memoir. New York, Knopf, 1993. ISBN 0-679-40985-8
  • Exhib. Catalogue Helen Suzman: Fighter for Human Rights. Cape Town, South African Jewish Museum publ Kaplan Centre for Jewish Studies, UCT, 2005, ISBN 0-620 33955 1
  • Helen Suzman Foundation: Focus: Tribute Issue 48, December 2007, ISSN 1680-9822
  • Helen Suzman Foundation: Focus: Suzman Tribute Edition, Issue 53, April 2009, ISSN 1680-9822
  • Gillian Godsell, Helen Suzman (Series: They Fought for Freedom), Cape Town, Maskew Miller Longman, 2011. ISBN 978-0-636-09816-9
  • Robin Renwick: Helen Suzman: Bright Star in a Dark Chamber. London, Biteback Publ., 2014. ISBN 978-1849546676
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Helen Suzman.
House of Assembly of South Africa
Preceded by
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 Member of Parliament for Houghton
1953–1989 		Succeeded by
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