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Coordinates: 59°43′08″N 10°47′03″E / 59.718872°N 10.784276°E / 59.718872; 10.784276
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[[Leonardo da Vinci]] proposed a bridge {{convert|366|m|abbr=on}} long, overall and {{convert|24|m|abbr=on}} wide over the [[Golden Horn]] in 1502 for [[Sultan]] [[Bayezid II]] of Constantinople (today’s [[Istanbul]]). The sketch was lost for over 400 years before being rediscovered in 1952.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=aqMtAAAAIBAJ&sjid=7HIFAAAAIBAJ&pg=4408%2C3714663 |title=Da Vinci Planned Bosporus Bridge for Turks in 1503 |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |agency=AP |date=26 March 1952 |newspaper=The Day |location=New London, Connecticut |accessdate=22 November 2016}}</ref> The proposed bridge included a a {{convert|240|m|abbr=on}} "pressed bow" main span with {{convert|43|m|abbr=on}} of vertical clearance to allow ships to pass.<ref name=WSJ-20051105 /><ref name=Atalay-2>{{cite web |url=http://voices.nationalgeographic.com/2013/01/22/leonardos-bridge-part-2-the-bridge-for-the-sultan/ |title=LEONARDO'S BRIDGE: Part 2. 'A Bridge for the Sultan' |author=Atalay, Bulent |date=22 January 2013 |website=National Geographic Voices [blog] |accessdate=22 November 2016}}</ref> da Vinci bragged that "it has been [the Sultan's] intention to erect a bridge from [[Galata]] ([[Beyoğlu|Pera]]) to [[Constantinople|Stambul]]… across the Golden Horn (‘Haliç’), but this has not been done because there were no experts available. I, your subject, have determined how to build the bridge. It will be a masonry bridge as high as a building, and even tall ships will be able to sail under it."<ref name=Atalay-2 /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.leonardobridgeproject.org/leonardo-design.htm |title=Leonardo's Design |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=2016 |website=The Leonardo Bridge Project |accessdate=22 November 2016}}</ref> The sketch and plans are contained in ''Manuscript L'', part of the [[List_of_works_by_Leonardo_da_Vinci#Manuscripts|''Paris Manuscripts'']] stored in the [[Institut de France]] in [[Paris]].<ref name=Atalay-2 />
[[Leonardo da Vinci]] proposed a bridge {{convert|366|m|abbr=on}} long, overall and {{convert|24|m|abbr=on}} wide over the [[Golden Horn]] in 1502 for [[Sultan]] [[Bayezid II]] of Constantinople (today’s [[Istanbul]]). The sketch was lost for over 400 years before being rediscovered in 1952.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=aqMtAAAAIBAJ&sjid=7HIFAAAAIBAJ&pg=4408%2C3714663 |title=Da Vinci Planned Bosporus Bridge for Turks in 1503 |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |agency=AP |date=26 March 1952 |newspaper=The Day |location=New London, Connecticut |accessdate=22 November 2016}}</ref> The proposed bridge included a a {{convert|240|m|abbr=on}} "pressed bow" main span with {{convert|43|m|abbr=on}} of vertical clearance to allow ships to pass.<ref name=WSJ-20051105 /><ref name=Atalay-2>{{cite web |url=http://voices.nationalgeographic.com/2013/01/22/leonardos-bridge-part-2-the-bridge-for-the-sultan/ |title=LEONARDO'S BRIDGE: Part 2. 'A Bridge for the Sultan' |author=Atalay, Bulent |date=22 January 2013 |website=National Geographic Voices [blog] |accessdate=22 November 2016}}</ref> da Vinci bragged that "it has been [the Sultan's] intention to erect a bridge from [[Galata]] ([[Beyoğlu|Pera]]) to [[Constantinople|Stambul]]… across the Golden Horn (‘Haliç’), but this has not been done because there were no experts available. I, your subject, have determined how to build the bridge. It will be a masonry bridge as high as a building, and even tall ships will be able to sail under it."<ref name=Atalay-2 /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.leonardobridgeproject.org/leonardo-design.htm |title=Leonardo's Design |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=2016 |website=The Leonardo Bridge Project |accessdate=22 November 2016}}</ref> The sketch and plans are contained in ''Manuscript L'', part of the [[List_of_works_by_Leonardo_da_Vinci#Manuscripts|''Paris Manuscripts'']] stored in the [[Institut de France]] in [[Paris]].<ref name=Atalay-2 />


Had the 1502 design been implemented, it would have been the longest bridge in the world,<ref name=Guardian01 /> and it would still be the [[List of longest masonry arch bridge spans|longest single masonry arch span in the world]]. Da Vinci is said to have been inspired by the then newly-built bridge "Ponte degli [[Alidosi]]" over [[Santerno]] at [[Castel del Rio]] near [[Bologna]].{{cn|date=November 2016}}
Had the 1502 design been implemented, it would have been the longest bridge in the world,<ref name=Guardian01 /> and it would still be the [[List of longest masonry arch bridge spans|longest single masonry arch span in the world]]. Da Vinci is said to have been inspired by the then newly-built bridge "Ponte degli [[Alidosi]]" over [[Santerno]] at [[Castel del Rio]] near [[Bologna]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jUN66n1fyWcC&pg=PA212#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=The Literary Works of Leonardo Da Vinci, Volume 1 |author=Pedretti, Carlo |date=1977 |publisher=University of California Press |location=Berkeley, California |isbn=0-520-03329-9 |pages=212–214 |note=1109 |accessdate=22 November 2016}}</ref>


===Implemented in Ås===
===Implemented in Ås===

Revision as of 18:44, 22 November 2016

Leonardo Bridge

Da Vinci-Broen
The da Vinci bridge in Ås
The da Vinci bridge in Ås
Coordinates59°43′08″N 10°47′03″E / 59.718872°N 10.784276°E / 59.718872; 10.784276
Carriespedestrian and bicycle traffic
CrossesHighway E-18
LocaleNygård, Ås, Akershus
Norway
Named forLeonardo da Vinci
OwnerNorwegian Public Roads Administration
Websitewww.leonardobridgeproject.org
Characteristics
DesignDeck arch bridge
MaterialLaminated wood; steel-reinforced
Total length109 m (358 ft)
Longest span40 m (130 ft)
History
ArchitectVebjørn Sand
Selberg Architects
DesignerLeonardo da Vinci
Engineering design byReinhert Structural Engineers
Construction start1997
Construction end2001
Construction cost12 kr million
Opened2001
Location
Map

The Vebjørn Sand da Vinci Project built a laminated-wood parabolic-arch pedestrian bridge in Norway over European route E18 in Ås, Norway as a partnership between the Norwegian Public Roads Administration and Norwegian painter and artist Vebjørn Sand, who heads the Project. The resulting da Vinci Bridge is one of several installations that Sand is known for in Norway.

History

Original design

Leonardo da Vinci proposed a bridge 366 m (1,201 ft) long, overall and 24 m (79 ft) wide over the Golden Horn in 1502 for Sultan Bayezid II of Constantinople (today’s Istanbul). The sketch was lost for over 400 years before being rediscovered in 1952.[1] The proposed bridge included a a 240 m (790 ft) "pressed bow" main span with 43 m (141 ft) of vertical clearance to allow ships to pass.[2][3] da Vinci bragged that "it has been [the Sultan's] intention to erect a bridge from Galata (Pera) to Stambul… across the Golden Horn (‘Haliç’), but this has not been done because there were no experts available. I, your subject, have determined how to build the bridge. It will be a masonry bridge as high as a building, and even tall ships will be able to sail under it."[3][4] The sketch and plans are contained in Manuscript L, part of the Paris Manuscripts stored in the Institut de France in Paris.[3]

Had the 1502 design been implemented, it would have been the longest bridge in the world,[5] and it would still be the longest single masonry arch span in the world. Da Vinci is said to have been inspired by the then newly-built bridge "Ponte degli Alidosi" over Santerno at Castel del Rio near Bologna.[6]

Implemented in Ås

Norwegian artist Vebjørn Sand saw da Vinci's Haliç bridge sketch in 1996 and proposed the bridge should be implemented by the Norwegian Public Roads Administration (NPRA). Since the NPRA had a policy to consider the artistic merits of public structures,[7] a new structure was approved in 1997[8] to replace "Norway's ugliest bridge."[9] Several alternative materials were considered for the bridge, including the as-designed stone and concrete,[8] but ultimately the timber version was selected for construction. Moelven Laminated Group, who had constructed the world's largest wooden roof for Håkons Hall in Lillehammer for the 1994 Winter Olympics, was selected to supply glued laminated timber (glulam) for the new da Vinci Bridge.[7]

The da Vinci Bridge, completed in 2001, serves as a pedestrian crossing over highway E18 in Ås, approximately 20 kilometres (12 mi) from Oslo. It was built from large prefabricated glulam sections moved in place by cranes, with three parabolic arches in the main span: a central arch supporting the pathway and two stabilizing arches flanking it.[10] The main span is 40 m (130 ft) and the bridge is 109 m (358 ft) long, overall at a total cost of approximately 12 kr million.[11] The completed da Vinci Bridge was built wide enough to allow four lanes of traffic underneath, but requirements for vertical clearance have increased and adding lanes of traffic would require lowering the road.[9] The bridge was opened by Queen Sonja in a November 2001 ceremony using cranes to lift a white cloth draped over the bridge, literally unveiling it to the public.[5]

Wired called it one of the five coolest bridges on earth in 2005, along with the Rio–Antirrio bridge, the Seri Wawasan Bridge, the Dongting Lake Bridge and the Juscelino Kubitschek Bridge.[12]

Global Leonardo Bridge Project

The Oslo Leonardo Bridge Project opened in October 2001.[13] The project hopes to apply the design to build practical footbridges around the world using local materials and local artisans as a global public art project.[14] Future plans, announced in 2012, include a bridge over the Golden Horn in Istanbul, as Leonardo had proposed.[15] Sand was quoted by the Wall Street Journal describing the Bridge Project as a "... logo for all the nations."[2]

Similar temporary bridges have been built in ice since the completion of the da Vinci Bridge:[10]

  • Antarctica (2005)
  • UN Plaza (2007)
  • Copenhagen (2009)
  • Greenland (2009)
  • Golden Horn Bridge designed by Leonardo da Vinci in 1502
    Golden Horn Bridge designed by Leonardo da Vinci in 1502
  • Wooden model of da Vinci's Golden Horn bridge
    Wooden model of da Vinci's Golden Horn bridge
  • Completed da Vinci bridge, side view
    Completed da Vinci bridge, side view

See also

References

  1. ^ "Da Vinci Planned Bosporus Bridge for Turks in 1503". The Day. New London, Connecticut. AP. 26 March 1952. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
  2. ^ a b Morris, Jan (5 November 2005). "Spanning Past and Present". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
  3. ^ a b c Atalay, Bulent (22 January 2013). "LEONARDO'S BRIDGE: Part 2. 'A Bridge for the Sultan'". National Geographic Voices [blog]. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
  4. ^ "Leonardo's Design". The Leonardo Bridge Project. 2016. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
  5. ^ a b Mellgren, Doug (1 November 2001). "Da Vinci comes to life 500 years on". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
  6. ^ Pedretti, Carlo (1977). The Literary Works of Leonardo Da Vinci, Volume 1. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. pp. 212–214. ISBN 0-520-03329-9. Retrieved 22 November 2016. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |note= ignored (help)
  7. ^ a b "Vebjørn Sand's Leonardo Bridge Project". The Leonardo Bridge Project. 2016. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
  8. ^ a b Skari, Bent, ed. (2010). Statens vegvesen: Akershus 1990–2000 (PDF). Oslo, Norway: Statens vegvesen. p. 214. ISBN 82-994614-2-1. Retrieved 22 November 2016. 1997 arbeidet etaten med et spesielt prosjekt som gikk ut på å bygge ei bru etter samme prinsipp som tegnet av Leonardo Da Vinci i 1502. Den var tenkt satt opp som gangbru ved Nygårdskrysset over E18 ved Ski. Det ble jobbet med to alternativer – det ene i stein og betong, det andre i tre. Prosjektet har fått stor oppmerksomhet og pressedekning.
  9. ^ a b Foseid, Maren; Ljunggren, Tore; Fyksen, Stein; Slapgård, Snorre; Meland, Arne; Bakken, Frode (14 January 2015). Rapport Verdianalyse E18 Vinterbro – Retvet (PDF) (Report). Statens vegvesen. p. 16. Retrieved 22 November 2016. Dagens gangbru ble bygget i 2001-02 som et kunstprosjekt, brua avløste «Norges styggeste bru», og var en stor forbedring på åpningtidspunktet, til tross for at brua har sterk stigning. Ved planlegging av brua var det skissert en sentrisk utvidelse av E18 til firefelts veg med bredde 19 meter, og brua er tilpasset en slik utvidelse. I ettertid er kravene til fri høyde under trebruer økt, og normalprofilet for E18 har økt til 25,5 meter. Brua tilfredstiller heller ikke UU- kravene.En utvidelse av E18 under dagens bru er mulig, men krever en senkning av dagens veg.
  10. ^ a b Atalay, Bulent (3 February 2013). "LEONARDO'S BRIDGE: Part 3. 'Vebjørn Sand and Variations on a Theme by Leonardo'". National Geographic Voices [blog]. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
  11. ^ Dion, Richard (14 October 2013). "Leonardo Da Vinci's Golden Horn sketch – from Istanbul, via Norway to New York's Roosevelt Island". The Bridge Museum [blog]. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
  12. ^ Goldenberg, David (January 2005). "Spanning the Globe". Wired. Vol. 13, no. 1. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
  13. ^ "Global Leonardo Bridge Project". The Leonardo Bridge Project. 2016. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
  14. ^ "About Us". The Leonardo Bridge Project. 2016. Retrieved 22 November 2016. The Leonardo Bridge Project, Inc. is a non-profit corporation in the United States with a 501(c) 3 through the Allied Arts Foundation. Our mission is to build a global network of permanent landmark bridges, public arts projects based on Leonardo da Vinci's 1502 "Golden Horn" (Halic) bridge design.
  15. ^ "Da Vinci's Bridge to be built in Istanbul". Hürriyet Daily News. Istanbul. 23 October 2012. Archived from the original on 22 November 2016. Retrieved 22 November 2016. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
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