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In 2015, Nkurunziza was controversially nominated by his party for a third term in office. Supporters and opponents of Nkurunziza disagreed as to whether it was legal for him to run again, and [[2015 Burundian unrest|protests]] followed. More than two months of anti-Nkurunziza protests, which were often violently repressed, left at least 100 dead. On 13 May 2015, a coup attempt against Nkurunziza occurred while he was out of the country; the coup leader, [[Godefroid Niyombare]], claimed to have ousted Nkurunziza, although Nkurunziza loyalists disputed the claim. Facing resistance from Nkurunziza loyalists, the coup collapsed and forces loyal to Nkurunziza appeared to be back in full control by 15 May. Independent media was shut down and many opponents fled, joining an exodus of more than 400,000 Burundians.<ref>{{cite web|title=Burundi Situation 2017|url=http://www.unhcr.org/59244aa77.pdf|publisher=UNHCR|accessdate=28 July 2017}}</ref>
In 2015, Nkurunziza was controversially nominated by his party for a third term in office. Supporters and opponents of Nkurunziza disagreed as to whether it was legal for him to run again, and [[2015 Burundian unrest|protests]] followed. More than two months of anti-Nkurunziza protests, which were often violently repressed, left at least 100 dead. On 13 May 2015, a coup attempt against Nkurunziza occurred while he was out of the country; the coup leader, [[Godefroid Niyombare]], claimed to have ousted Nkurunziza, although Nkurunziza loyalists disputed the claim. Facing resistance from Nkurunziza loyalists, the coup collapsed and forces loyal to Nkurunziza appeared to be back in full control by 15 May. Independent media was shut down and many opponents fled, joining an exodus of more than 400,000 Burundians.<ref>{{cite web|title=Burundi Situation 2017|url=http://www.unhcr.org/59244aa77.pdf|publisher=UNHCR|accessdate=28 July 2017}}</ref>


Amidst an opposition boycott, Nkurunziza was re-elected for a third term in the [[Burundian presidential election, 2015|July 2015 presidential election]].
Amidst an opposition boycott, Nkurunziza was re-elected for a third term in the [[Burundian presidential election, 2015|July 2015 presidential election]]. On 7 June 2018, Nkurunziza announced that he would not seek another term and step down when his current term ends in 2020.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-06-07/burundi-president-pierre-nkurunziza-pledges-to-step-down-in-2020|title=Burundi President Pierre Nkurunziza Pledges to Step Down in 2020|date=2018-06-07|work=Bloomberg.com|access-date=2018-06-07|language=en}}</ref>


==Background and political career==
==Background and political career==
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Nkurunziza was sworn in for his third term on 20 August 2015. Speaking on the occasion, he described his re-election as "a victory of all Burundians". He vowed that if his enemies continued to pursue violence, they would be beaten with the aid of God and "scattered like flour thrown into the air".<ref>[https://news.yahoo.com/burundi-president-sworn-third-term-presidency-091617430.html "Burundi president says God will defeat rebels as he starts third term"], Agence France-Presse, 20 August 2015.</ref> By December 2015 over 300 people had been killed, about 215,000 others had fled the country.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/un-chief-warns-burundi-brink-civil-war-181023920.html?ref=gs|title=UN chief warns that Burundi is on the brink of civil war|website=www.yahoo.com|access-date=2016-04-23}}</ref>
Nkurunziza was sworn in for his third term on 20 August 2015. Speaking on the occasion, he described his re-election as "a victory of all Burundians". He vowed that if his enemies continued to pursue violence, they would be beaten with the aid of God and "scattered like flour thrown into the air".<ref>[https://news.yahoo.com/burundi-president-sworn-third-term-presidency-091617430.html "Burundi president says God will defeat rebels as he starts third term"], Agence France-Presse, 20 August 2015.</ref> By December 2015 over 300 people had been killed, about 215,000 others had fled the country.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/un-chief-warns-burundi-brink-civil-war-181023920.html?ref=gs|title=UN chief warns that Burundi is on the brink of civil war|website=www.yahoo.com|access-date=2016-04-23}}</ref>

=== '''2018''' consitutional referendum ===
In March 2018, Nkurunziza was named "eternal supreme guide" by the ruling party, CNDD-FDD, in the run-up to a [[Burundian constitutional referendum, 2018|constitutional referendum]] on 17 May that year.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.africanews.com/2018/03/12/burundi-s-pierre-nkurunziza-named-eternal-supreme-guide-by-ruling-party//|title=Burundi's Pierre Nkurunziza named 'eternal supreme guide' by ruling party {{!}} Africanews|last=AfricaNews|work=Africanews|access-date=2018-06-07|language=en}}</ref> The referendum foresaw constitutional changes allows Nkurunziza to stay in office until 2034.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.africanews.com/2018/03/18/burundi-s-controversial-referendum-to-take-place-on-may-17//|title=Burundi's controversial referendum set for May 17 {{!}} Africanews|last=AfricaNews|work=Africanews|access-date=2018-06-07|language=en}}</ref> The referendum was widely criticized bb Burundi's opposition, the UK, the United States and the Church.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.iwacu-burundi.org/englishnews/burundi-uk-criticizes-constitutional-referendum-and-calls-for-government-engagement-in-regional-mediation/|title=Burundi: UK criticizes constitutional referendum and calls for government engagement in regional mediation|work=IWACU English News|access-date=2018-06-07|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://af.reuters.com/article/burundiNews/idAFL2N1SS0WR|title=U.S. says Burundi constitutional referendum 'marred'|last=Editorial|first=Reuters|work=AF|access-date=2018-06-07|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.enca.com/africa/church-opposes-burundi-constitutional-referendum|title=Church opposes Burundi constitutional referendum|website=www.enca.com|language=en|access-date=2018-06-07}}</ref> On 21 May the new constitution was approved, allowing Nkurunziza to extend his term limits starting in 2020.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/africa/2018-05-21-burundi-approves-new-constitution-extending-presidential-term-limit/|title=Burundi approves new constitution extending presidential term limit|access-date=2018-06-07|language=en-US}}</ref> However, On 7 June 2018, Nkurunziza announced that he step down after the 2020 elections.<ref name=":0" />


==Personal life==
==Personal life==

Revision as of 15:59, 7 June 2018

Pierre Nkurunziza
8th President of Burundi
Incumbent
Assumed office
26 August 2005
Vice PresidentMartin Nduwimana
Yves Sahinguvu
Terence Sinunguruza
Gervais Rufyikiri
Gaston Sindimwo
Preceded byDomitien Ndayizeye
Personal details
Born (1963-12-18) 18 December 1963 (age 61)
Bujumbura, Burundi
Political partyNational Council for the Defense of Democracy
Spouse
​
(m. 1994)​
Children5
Alma materUniversity of Burundi
Signature
WebsiteOfficial Website

Pierre Nkurunziza (French pronunciation: [pjɛʁ n̪kyʁœ̃ziza]; born 18 December 1963) is a Burundian politician who has been President of Burundi since 2005. He was the Chairman of the National Council for the Defense of Democracy-Forces for the Defense of Democracy (CNDD-FDD), the ruling party, until he was elected as President of Burundi.

In 2015, Nkurunziza was controversially nominated by his party for a third term in office. Supporters and opponents of Nkurunziza disagreed as to whether it was legal for him to run again, and protests followed. More than two months of anti-Nkurunziza protests, which were often violently repressed, left at least 100 dead. On 13 May 2015, a coup attempt against Nkurunziza occurred while he was out of the country; the coup leader, Godefroid Niyombare, claimed to have ousted Nkurunziza, although Nkurunziza loyalists disputed the claim. Facing resistance from Nkurunziza loyalists, the coup collapsed and forces loyal to Nkurunziza appeared to be back in full control by 15 May. Independent media was shut down and many opponents fled, joining an exodus of more than 400,000 Burundians.[1]

Amidst an opposition boycott, Nkurunziza was re-elected for a third term in the July 2015 presidential election. On 7 June 2018, Nkurunziza announced that he would not seek another term and step down when his current term ends in 2020.[2]

Background and political career

Pierre Nkurunziza, President of Burundi, in Østfoldhallen, Fredrikstad, Norway, on 10 June 2006.
Photo: Marit Nygård.

Nkurunziza was born in 1963 in Burundi's capital city of Bujumbura.[3] Nkurunziza was raised in the province of Ngozi in northern Burundi.[4] His father, Eustache Ngabisha, was a Catholic Hutu connected with the royal family. His mother was a Protestant Tutsi assistant nurse.[5] Ngabisha was enlisted to the ranks of the pro-independence UPRONA party and elected to the Parliament of Burundi in 1965 and later became governor of two provinces before being killed in 1972[citation needed] during the Burundian Genocide of 1972 when ethnic violence claimed the lives of between 80,000 and 210,000 Burundians.[6][7]

Nkurunziza attended primary school in Ngozi and pursued secondary education at Athénée in Gitega. He later attended the Institut d'Education Physique et des Sports (IEPS) in University of Burundi in the late 1980s and graduated in 1990 after obtaining his degree in sports education. Before the civil war broke out, he became a sports professor at Lycée de Muramvya in 1991 while still studying psychology and pedagogy. Nkurunziza became a teacher and assistant lecturer at the University of Burundi in 1992.[5][8] He also began to teach courses at the Institut Supérieur Des Cadres Militaires (ISCAM).

In 1995, he was threatened and joined the CNDD-FDD when hundreds of Hutu students were killed or forced to flee. After rising through the ranks, Nkurunziza was appointed deputy secretary-general of the CNDD-FDD in 1998. In the late 1990s, he was condemned to death by court and trial in absentia. In 2001, he was elected chairman.[9] There was a split in the group in late 2001. He was re-elected to the post of chairman in August 2004.

During the Burundian Civil War, Nkurunziza is said to have survived a near death experience.[10] He was wounded several times in the war and was given the nickname of "Pita".

Beginning in late 2003 and after the ceasefire agreement, he was appointed Minister for Good Governance in the transitional government of President Domitien Ndayizeye.[11]

Following a series of CNDD-FDD victories in elections held during June and July 2005, Nkurunziza was nominated as the party's presidential candidate. He was elected president by members of parliament (acting as an electoral college) with a vote of 151 to 162 on 19 August 2005 and took office on 26 August 2005.

He was re-elected in 2010 with more than 91% of the votes amidst an opposition boycott[12] and sworn in for his second term on August 26, 2010.[13]

In March 2014, Nkurunziza banned jogging, due to "fears it was being used as a cover for subversion."[14] According to the BBC, "The tradition of Saturday morning runs started during Burundi's long years of ethnic conflict", as residents in the city of Bujumbura, where the surrounding hills were home to armed militants before 2005, "would try to vent their fear and frustration and claustrophobia, by running, often in a group."[15] That same month, twenty-one supporters of the opposition Movement for Solidarity and Democracy (MSD) Party were sentenced to life in prison for using "jogging" as a way to organize "an illegal demonstration that turned violent."[16]

2015 election controversy and coup attempt

Main articles: 2015 Burundian unrest and 2015 Burundian coup d'état attempt

In April 2015 Nkurunziza announced that he would seek a third term in office. The opposition said that Nkurunziza's bid to extend his term was in defiance of the constitution, as it bars the president from running for a third term. However, Nkurunziza's allies said his first term did not count as he was elected by parliament and not directly by the people.[17] On April 26 police clashed with demonstrators protesting Nkurunziza’s announcement that he will seek a third term in office. At least six people were killed in the first two days of ongoing protests. The government shut down multiple radio stations and arrested a prominent civil society leader, Pierre-Claver Mbonimpa.[citation needed] UN General Secretary Ban Ki-moon said in a statement that he had despatched his special envoy for the region, Said Djinnit, to Burundi for talks with Nkurunziza. African Union commission head Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma said she welcomed a decision by Burundi's Senate to ask the Constitutional Court to rule whether Nkurunziza could stand for re-election. More than 24,000 people fled Burundi in April, as tensions mount ahead of presidential elections in June, the UN refugee agency said.[18][19]

On May 13, 2015, Burundi Army General Godefroid Niyombareh declared a coup via radio while Nkurunziza was abroad attending a summit in Tanzania with other African leaders. Niyombareh had been dismissed from his post as head of intelligence in February 2015. Despite reports that gunshots had been heard and people were celebrating in the streets of the capital, government officials dismissed the threat and claimed to remain in control.[20] Nkurunziza tried to return to Burundi promptly, but he was unable to land at the airport in Bujumbura because it had been taken over by rebel soldiers. Nevertheless, loyalist forces managed to retain control of the state radio and television broadcaster, the key means of communicating with the broader population, fending off attacks by rebel soldiers on 14 May. Later on the same day, Nkurunziza announced that he had returned to Burundi, although his specific location was not given for security reasons. He congratulated "the army and the police for their patriotism" and "above all the Burundian people for their patience".[21]

The controversial presidential elections were held on 21 July 2015. The electoral commission under pressure announced on 24 July 2015 that Nkurunziza had won the election with 69.41% of the vote with a low voter turnout, the participation rate was under 30%. Agathon Rwasa was placed second and credited with 18.99% despite calling for a boycott.[22]

Nkurunziza was sworn in for his third term on 20 August 2015. Speaking on the occasion, he described his re-election as "a victory of all Burundians". He vowed that if his enemies continued to pursue violence, they would be beaten with the aid of God and "scattered like flour thrown into the air".[23] By December 2015 over 300 people had been killed, about 215,000 others had fled the country.[24]

2018 consitutional referendum

In March 2018, Nkurunziza was named "eternal supreme guide" by the ruling party, CNDD-FDD, in the run-up to a constitutional referendum on 17 May that year.[25] The referendum foresaw constitutional changes allows Nkurunziza to stay in office until 2034.[26] The referendum was widely criticized bb Burundi's opposition, the UK, the United States and the Church.[27][28][29] On 21 May the new constitution was approved, allowing Nkurunziza to extend his term limits starting in 2020.[30] However, On 7 June 2018, Nkurunziza announced that he step down after the 2020 elections.[2]

Personal life

Nkurunziza was one of seven siblings. Two of his siblings were killed after civil war erupted in 1993, and three others died while fighting in the CNDD-FDD. Only one of his siblings, a sister, is alive today. He married his wife in 1994 and is the father of five children.[31]

Nkurunziza describes himself as a born again Christian, though his rule has involved severely restricting religious freedoms for evangelical Christians and other groups.[32]

Nkurunziza enjoys playing football and cycling. He began playing football at the age of five, and played in a team at secondary school and his university. As a University Physical Education teacher, Nkurunziza used his football talents as a coach of “Union Sporting”, a first division club side. As President, he has re-called some of his former players to form a new team of veterans, “Helleluia FC”. In 2004, when he was a State Minister, Nkurunziza created a “Soccer Academy” which is home to nearly 300 kids learning skills in various training centres across the country. Nkurunziza has his own football team, Haleluya FC, which he has traveled Burundi with.[33]

In May 2015, Africa Confidential reported that Nkurunziza was said to be preoccupied by his football club, had difficulty concentrating for long periods, and believed that he was chosen by God to rule Burundi.[34] In the national press, his mental health is publicly questioned.[35]

Awards and prizes

President Nkurunzia has been awarded several prizes and other honorific distinctions to recognize his endeavours. The awards include Prix pour la Paix awarded to him by accord in Durban in June 2006; Oscar de Paix awarded by Assis Pax International; and Honoris Causa Ph.D awarded to him by Latin University of Theology in California.[citation needed]

In September 2007, the Interfaith Peace Building recognized his efforts. The Greenbelt Burundi also recognized his efforts in the protection of the environment. The award was dedicated to Mwezi Gisabo, a King of Burundi who refused to scorch the Kibira forest in order to track down his opponents. The United Nations Commission on Peace Consolidation in Burundi decorated him with a peace award.[citation needed]

In August 2009 in Nairobi he was awarded the Model Leader for a New Africa Award by AFREG (African Forum on Religion and Government), a Florida-based religious organisation with a sub-office in Accra, Ghana. Nkurunziza is the first African president to be awarded with such a distinction on the continent.[citation needed]

In September 2010, the India–based Unity International Foundation honoured Nkurunziza with the Rising Star of Africa Award after Indian authorities found him to be a role model in peace consolidation and development for the whole of Africa.[citation needed]

In October 2011 in Monaco, the Peace and Sports International organization granted to Nkurunziza an award for having made sports a tool for reconciliation in his country.[citation needed]

References

  1. ^ "Burundi Situation 2017" (PDF). UNHCR. Retrieved 28 July 2017.
  2. ^ a b "Burundi President Pierre Nkurunziza Pledges to Step Down in 2020". Bloomberg.com. 2018-06-07. Retrieved 2018-06-07.
  3. ^ "President Pierre Nkurunziza of Burundi". worlddiplomacy.org.
  4. ^ "President Pierre Nkurunziza of Burundi". britannica.com.
  5. ^ a b Dictionary of African Biography. OUP USA. 2 February 2012. p. 489-490. ISBN 9780195382075.
  6. ^ White, Matthew. Death Tolls for the Major Wars and Atrocities of the Twentieth Century: C. Burundi (1972-73, primarily Hutu killed by Tutsi) 120,000
  7. ^ International Commission of Inquiry for Burundi (2002). Paragraph 85. "The Micombero regime responded with a genocidal repression that is estimated to have caused over a hundred thousand victims and forced several hundred thousand Hutus into exile"
  8. ^ "BBC Profile". BBC.
  9. ^ "Cultural Diplomacy News". culturaldiplomacy.org.
  10. ^ "The military moves against Nkurunziza's third term bid". Africa Confidential. May 14, 2015.
  11. ^ "UN Document" (PDF). un.org.
  12. ^ "AFP: Burundi's president Pierre Nkurunziza re-elected". Agence France-Presse. July 1, 2010. Retrieved 4 July 2010.
  13. ^ "Re-elected Burundian president takes oath as African leaders present". peopledaily.com. August 26, 2010.
  14. ^ Frick-Wright, Peter How Jogging in Burundi Became an Act of War Outside Magazine. March 21, 2016
  15. ^ Franks, Tim (2014-06-15). "Burundi: Where jogging is a crime". BBC News. Retrieved 2014-06-18.
  16. ^ "Burundi MSD opposition 'joggers' get life sentences". BBC News. 2014-03-21. Retrieved 2014-06-18.
  17. ^ "The African leaders who choose power before the people", BBC News, 20 January 2015.
  18. ^ "What explains Burundi's protests?". Washington Post.
  19. ^ "Burundi anti-President Nkurunziza protests in Bujumbura". BBC News.
  20. ^ Melvin, Don (May 13, 2015). "Amid fears of ethnic violence, coup attempt reported in Burundi". CNN. Retrieved 13 May 2015.
  21. ^ "Burundi’s Nkurunziza returns home after coup attempt", France 24, 14 May 2015.
  22. ^ "Nkurunziza wins third term as Burundi president: electoral commission", Reuters, 24 July 2015.
  23. ^ "Burundi president says God will defeat rebels as he starts third term", Agence France-Presse, 20 August 2015.
  24. ^ "UN chief warns that Burundi is on the brink of civil war". www.yahoo.com. Retrieved 2016-04-23.
  25. ^ AfricaNews. "Burundi's Pierre Nkurunziza named 'eternal supreme guide' by ruling party | Africanews". Africanews. Retrieved 2018-06-07.
  26. ^ AfricaNews. "Burundi's controversial referendum set for May 17 | Africanews". Africanews. Retrieved 2018-06-07.
  27. ^ "Burundi: UK criticizes constitutional referendum and calls for government engagement in regional mediation". IWACU English News. Retrieved 2018-06-07.
  28. ^ Editorial, Reuters. "U.S. says Burundi constitutional referendum 'marred'". AF. Retrieved 2018-06-07. {{cite news}}: |first= has generic name (help)
  29. ^ "Church opposes Burundi constitutional referendum". www.enca.com. Retrieved 2018-06-07.
  30. ^ "Burundi approves new constitution extending presidential term limit". Retrieved 2018-06-07.
  31. ^ Charles Bigirimana, "Burundi's born-again ex-rebel leader". BBC News. 26 August 2005.
  32. ^ "Burundi Wants Churches to Have at Least 500 Members and a Building Before They Can Register; Foreign Churches Need 1,000". Christian Post World. 2014-07-11. Archived from the original on 2016-04-10. Retrieved 2016-04-10. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  33. ^ "President Pierre Nkurunziza: Officials in jail after Burundi leader is 'roughed up' in game". BBC News. March 2, 2018. President Pierre Nkurunziza is a 'born-again' evangelical Christian who spends much of his time travelling Burundi with his own team, Haleluya FC.
  34. ^ "The military moves against Nkurunziza's third term bid", Africa Confidential, volume 56, number 10, 14 May 2015.
  35. ^ "Quelle est la santé mentale du Président Nkurunziza ?". Bujumbura News. Retrieved 2016-04-23.

Further reading

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pierre Nkurunziza.
Political offices
Preceded by President of Burundi
2005–present 		Incumbent


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