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[[Image:Ancient Orient.png|thumb|350px|Overview map of the Ancient Near East]]
The '''Ancient Near East''' is a term commonly used to describe the lands roughly corresponding to those described by the modern term [[Middle East]], during the period from [[Prehistory]] until the Islamic conquest in the 7th century AD / CE. As such, it is a term widely employed in the fields of [[Middle-Eastern archaeology]], [[Ancient History]] and [[Egyptology]].
The term '''Ancient Near East''' or '''Ancient Orient''' encompasses the early [[civilization]]s predating [[Classical Antiquity]] in the region roughly corresponding to that described by the modern term [[Middle East]] ([[Egypt]], the [[Fertile Crescent]], [[Anatolia]]), during the time roughly spanning the [[Bronze Age]] from the rise of [[Sumer]] in the [[4th millennium BC]] to the expansion of the [[Persian Empire]] in the [[6th century BC]]. As such, it is a term widely employed in the fields of [[Near Eastern archaeology]], [[Ancient History]] and [[Egyptology]].


The Ancient Near East is generally understood as encompassing [[Mesopotamia]] (modern [[Iraq]] and [[Syria]]), [[Persia]] ([[Iran]]), [[Egypt]], the [[Levant]] ([[Israel]], [[Jordan]], [[Syria]], [[Palestinian Authority]]), and the non-[[ancient Greece|Greek]] areas of [[Anatolia]] ([[Turkey]]). Some users of the term would extend its application into the [[Caucasus]] region, into [[Afghanistan]], Minoan and Mycenaean [[Greece]] and other peripheral areas. Still others would exclude [[Egypt]] from the Ancient Near East as a geographically and culturally distinct area - such distinction is extremely rare however, on the grounds of Egypt's intimate involvement in the affairs and cultural development of the region as a whole.
The Ancient Near East is generally understood as encompassing [[Mesopotamia]] (modern [[Iraq]] and [[Syria]]), [[Persia]] ([[Iran]]), [[Egypt]], the [[Levant]] ([[Israel]], [[Jordan]], [[Syria]], [[Palestinian Authority]]), and [[Anatolia]] ([[Turkey]]). Some users of the term would extend its application into the [[Caucasus]] region, into [[Afghanistan]], Minoan and Mycenaean [[Greece]] and other peripheral areas. Still others would exclude [[Egypt]] from the Ancient Near East as a geographically and culturally distinct area - this exclusion is rare however, on the grounds of Egypt's intimate involvement with the region from the [[2nd millennium BC]].


==[[4th millennium BC]]==
*[[Lagash]]
*[[Sumer]]: [[Ur]], [[Uruk]], [[Kish (Sumer)|Kish]]
*Archaic Period of [[Ancient Egypt]]

==[[3rd millennium BC]]==
*[[Old Kingdom of Egypt]]
*[[Akkad]]: [[Agade]], [[Isin]], [[Babylon]], [[Larsa]]
*[[Mari, Syria|Mari]]
*[[Amorite]]
*[[Troy]] I-V

==[[2nd millennium BC]]==
*[[Middle Kingdom of Egypt]]
*[[New Kingdom of Egypt]]
*[[Babylonia]]
*[[Assyria]]
*[[Aleppo]]
*[[Hittites]]
*[[Mitanni]]
*[[Hurrian]]s
*[[Luwian]]s
*[[Canaan]]: [[Ugarit]], [[Kadesh]], [[Megiddo]], [[Kingdom of Israel]]
*[[Arzawa]], [[Troy]] VI-VII


== External links ==
== External links ==
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*[http://www.ancientneareast.tripod.com/index.html The History of the Ancient Near East Electronic Compendium]
*[http://www.ancientneareast.tripod.com/index.html The History of the Ancient Near East Electronic Compendium]

[[Category:Middle East]]
[[Category:Ancient history]]
[[Category:Ancient Near East]]

Revision as of 17:42, 5 December 2004

Overview map of the Ancient Near East

The term Ancient Near East or Ancient Orient encompasses the early civilizations predating Classical Antiquity in the region roughly corresponding to that described by the modern term Middle East (Egypt, the Fertile Crescent, Anatolia), during the time roughly spanning the Bronze Age from the rise of Sumer in the 4th millennium BC to the expansion of the Persian Empire in the 6th century BC. As such, it is a term widely employed in the fields of Near Eastern archaeology, Ancient History and Egyptology.

The Ancient Near East is generally understood as encompassing Mesopotamia (modern Iraq and Syria), Persia (Iran), Egypt, the Levant (Israel, Jordan, Syria, Palestinian Authority), and Anatolia (Turkey). Some users of the term would extend its application into the Caucasus region, into Afghanistan, Minoan and Mycenaean Greece and other peripheral areas. Still others would exclude Egypt from the Ancient Near East as a geographically and culturally distinct area - this exclusion is rare however, on the grounds of Egypt's intimate involvement with the region from the 2nd millennium BC.


4th millennium BC

3rd millennium BC

2nd millennium BC

  • Ancient Near East .net - an information and content portal for the archaeology, ancient history and culture of the Ancient Near East and Egypt
  • ETANA - website hosted by a consortium of universities in the interests of providing digitized resources and relevant web links
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Near_East&oldid=8898379"