Kyūshū campaign

Kyūshū campaign
Part of Sengoku period
The island of Kyūshū, with modern-day Kagoshima prefecture, roughly corresponding to the Shimazu family's home province of Satsuma highlighted.
Date 1586–87 Location Kyūshū, Japan Result Toyotomi victory Territorial changes Toyotomi clan conquest of Kyūshū
Belligerents
Toyotomi clan Ōtomo clan Chōsokabe clan Mōri clan	Shimazu clan Akizuki clan
Commanders and leaders
Toyotomi Hideyoshi Toyotomi Hidenaga Otomo Sorin Ōtomo Yoshimune Chosokabe Motochika	Shimazu Yoshihisa Shimazu Yoshihiro Shimazu Toshihisa Shimazu Iehisa Akizuki Tanezane
Strength
200,000	30,000

The Kyūshū campaign of 1586–1587 was part of the campaigns of Toyotomi Hideyoshi who sought to dominate Japan at the end of the Sengoku period. Having subjugated much of Honshū and Shikoku, Hideyoshi turned his attention to the southernmost of the main Japanese islands, Kyūshū, in 1587.

Course of events

Battles had raged for the previous few years between the daimyō of Kyūshū, and by 1587 the Shimazu family of Satsuma were the primary power on the island. In 1586, they heard of Hideyoshi's plans for invasion, and lifted their siege of Tachibana castle, withdrawing a great portion of their forces back to Higo province, while the rest stayed in Bungo province. There, they seized Funai Castle from the Ōtomo clan and prepared for the invasion.

The Ōtomo were supported by armies under Sengoku Hidehisa, Chōsokabe Motochika, and Sogō Masayasu, a major Shikoku lord who had been defeated by Hideyoshi the previous year, and had thus joined him. Though Bungo province ultimately fell to the Shimazu. Sengoku and Chōsokabe delayed them, however, and weakened them in preparation for the arrival of Hideyoshi's armies and those of the Mōri clan, another ally of Hideyoshi.

Hashiba Hidenaga, half-brother to Hideyoshi, landed to the south of Bungo, attacking the Shimazu at Takajō, on Kyūshū's eastern coast, in 1587. Meanwhile, Hideyoshi took his own forces down a more westerly route, attacking Ganjaku Castle in Chikuzen province, which was held by the Akizuki clan. Later that year, the two brothers would meet up in the Shimazu's home province of Satsuma, to assault their home castle at Kagoshima. Ultimately, Kagoshima itself was not attacked; the Shimazu surrendered, leaving Hideyoshi to return his attention to the Hōjō clan of the Kantō, the last major clan to oppose him.

Hideyoshi would make use of Kyūshū through much of the 1590s in his attacks on Korea.

Battles of the Kyūshū campaign

1586

• Siege of Tachibana - Shimazu marched to attack Tachibana castle, when the commanders of the Shimazu army arrived near Tachibana castle, Tachibana Ginchiyo armed the women with firearms and defended the castle gates.
• Siege of Toshimitsu - the Shimazu seize Toshimitsu and Funai Castles from the Ōtomo, despite delaying tactics from Hideyoshi's allies. Myorin defended Tsurusaki castle and stop Shimazu advance.
• Battle of Terajihama - Myorin attacked Shimazu army at Terajihama and launched another surprise attack around the Otozu River, defeating Shigemasa Shirahama and Hisabu, two high ranking Shimazu generals.

1587

• Battle of Hetsugigawa - Shikoku's warlords with Ōtomo forces, continue to battle and delay the Shimazu, but ultimately retreat, leaving Bungo province to the Shimazu.
• Battle of Takajō (also called Takashiro) - Hashiba Hidenaga attacks the Shimazu in Hyūga province, forcing them to retreat to Satsuma.
• Siege of Ganjaku - Toyotomi Hideyoshi attacks the Akizuki clan, Chikuzen province in the north of Kyūshū.
• Siege of Akizuki - Hideyoshi continues his assault on the Akizuki by besieged Oguma castle; the Akizuki surrender.
• Battle of Sendaigawa (also called Chidorigawa) - Hideyoshi and Hidenaga join forces and begin their attack on Satsuma province.
• Siege of Kagoshima - Hideyoshi and Hidenaga surround the Shimazu capital, and earn a surrender without laying siege to the castle.

Notable warriors

• Sengoku Hidehisa
• Chōsokabe Nobuchika
• Sogō Masayasu
• Ankokuji Ekei
• Katō Kiyomasa
• Maeda Toshinaga
• Myorin
• Tachibana Muneshige
• Tachibana Ginchiyo
• Niiro Tadamoto
• Yamada Arinobu
• Uwai Satokane

See also

• Oni Gozen
• Shigashi
• Munakata Saikaku
• Aso Koremitsu
• Okyō no Kata
• Konishi Yukinaga

References

• Turnbull, Stephen (1998). 'The Samurai Sourcebook'. London: Cassell & Co.