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At 12:00 UTC on June 11, the [[National Hurricane Center]] noted the possibility of a [[Trough (meteorology)|trough]] of [[Low-pressure area|low pressure]] to develop in the upcoming few days over the [[Bay of Campeche]] and southwestern [[Gulf of Mexico]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/xgtwo/gtwo_archive.php?current_issuance=202106111146&basin=atl&fdays=5|title=Five-Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook|author=Jack Beven|publisher=National Hurricane Center|location=Miami, Florida|date=June 11, 2021|access-date=June 12, 2021}}</ref> Although, only 24 hours later, a cluster of [[convection]] formed over the Bay of Campeche and parts of [[Mexico]] and [[Central America]]. Moving erratically over the [[Bight (geography)|bight]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/xgtwo/gtwo_archive.php?current_issuance=latest&basin=atlc&fdays=5|title=Two-Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook|author=Jack Beven, Andrew Latto|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=June 12, 2021|access-date=June 12, 2021}}</ref> the disturbance attained a broad circulation during June 13.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/xgtwo/gtwo_archive.php?current_issuance=202106131748&basin=atl&fdays=2|title=Two-Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook|author=Eric Blake|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=June 13, 2021|access-date=June 18, 2021}}</ref> Over the next few days, the structure of the system changed minimally,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/xgtwo/gtwo_archive.php?current_issuance=202106132325&basin=atl&fdays=2|title=Two-Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook}}</ref> although convective activity occurred continuously.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/xgtwo/gtwo_archive.php?current_issuance=202106161142&basin=atl&fdays=2|title=Two-Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook|date=June 16, 2021|access-date=June 18, 2021}}</ref> The cyclone failed to develop over the Bay of Campeche due to unfavorable upper-level winds and land interaction, instead moving northward on June 17.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/xgtwo/gtwo_archive.php?current_issuance=202106170547&basin=atl&fdays=2|title=Two-Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook|date=June 17, 2021|access-date=June 18, 2021}}</ref> Later that day, a [[Hurricane Hunters]] [[Reconnaissance aircraft]] investigated the system,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/xgtwo/gtwo_archive.php?current_issuance=202106172338&basin=atl&fdays=2|title=Two-Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook|date=June 17, 2021|access-date=June 18, 2021}}</ref> and upgraded it to Potential Tropical Cyclone Three at 21:00 UTC that day.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2021/al03/al032021.public.001.shtml?|title=Potential Tropical Cyclone Three|author=Richard Pasch|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=June 17, 2021|access-date=June 18, 2021}}</ref> This designation is given to tropical disturbances that haven’t acquired tropical cyclone status, but are likely to bring tropical storm-force winds or higher to an area, in this case the [[Gulf Coast of the United States]], and was first used for the precursor to [[Tropical Storm Bret (2017)|Tropical Storm Bret]] in [[2017 Atlantic hurricane season|2017]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/news/20170309_pa_2017SeasonChanges.pdf|title=Update on National Hurricane Center Products and Services for 2017|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=June 18, 2021}}</ref> Around this time, the cloud pattern of Three was slowly becoming organized and a broad curved banding feature developed on the eastern side of the storm, acquiring more subtropical characteristics than tropical.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2021/al03/al032021.discus.001.shtml?|title=Potential Tropical Cyclone Three Discussion Number 1|author=Michael Brennan, Richard Pasch|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=June 17, 2021|access-date=June 18, 2021}}</ref> Hurricane Hunters data indicated that the system was rather lopsided, with convective activity being displaced east of the ill-defined center of circulation. This was due to [[wind shear]] produced by an upper-level trough over the western shore of the Gulf of Mexico.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2021/al03/al032021.discus.002.shtml?|title=Potential Tropical Cyclone Three Discussion Number 2|author=Jack Beven|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=June 18, 2021|access-date=June 18, 2021}}</ref>
At 12:00 UTC on June 11, the [[National Hurricane Center]] noted the possibility of a [[Trough (meteorology)|trough]] of [[Low-pressure area|low pressure]] to develop in the upcoming few days over the [[Bay of Campeche]] and southwestern [[Gulf of Mexico]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/xgtwo/gtwo_archive.php?current_issuance=202106111146&basin=atl&fdays=5|title=Five-Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook|author=Jack Beven|publisher=National Hurricane Center|location=Miami, Florida|date=June 11, 2021|access-date=June 12, 2021}}</ref> Although, only 24 hours later, a cluster of [[convection]] formed over the Bay of Campeche and parts of [[Mexico]] and [[Central America]]. Moving erratically over the [[Bight (geography)|bight]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/xgtwo/gtwo_archive.php?current_issuance=latest&basin=atlc&fdays=5|title=Two-Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook|author=Jack Beven, Andrew Latto|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=June 12, 2021|access-date=June 12, 2021}}</ref> the disturbance attained a broad circulation during June 13.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/xgtwo/gtwo_archive.php?current_issuance=202106131748&basin=atl&fdays=2|title=Two-Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook|author=Eric Blake|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=June 13, 2021|access-date=June 18, 2021}}</ref> Over the next few days, the structure of the system changed minimally,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/xgtwo/gtwo_archive.php?current_issuance=202106132325&basin=atl&fdays=2|title=Two-Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook}}</ref> although convective activity occurred continuously.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/xgtwo/gtwo_archive.php?current_issuance=202106161142&basin=atl&fdays=2|title=Two-Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook|date=June 16, 2021|access-date=June 18, 2021}}</ref> The cyclone failed to develop over the Bay of Campeche due to unfavorable upper-level winds and land interaction, instead moving northward on June 17.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/xgtwo/gtwo_archive.php?current_issuance=202106170547&basin=atl&fdays=2|title=Two-Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook|date=June 17, 2021|access-date=June 18, 2021}}</ref> Later that day, a [[Hurricane Hunters]] [[Reconnaissance aircraft]] investigated the system,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/xgtwo/gtwo_archive.php?current_issuance=202106172338&basin=atl&fdays=2|title=Two-Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook|date=June 17, 2021|access-date=June 18, 2021}}</ref> and upgraded it to Potential Tropical Cyclone Three at 21:00 UTC that day.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2021/al03/al032021.public.001.shtml?|title=Potential Tropical Cyclone Three|author=Richard Pasch|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=June 17, 2021|access-date=June 18, 2021}}</ref> This designation is given to tropical disturbances that haven’t acquired tropical cyclone status, but are likely to bring tropical storm-force winds or higher to an area, in this case the [[Gulf Coast of the United States]], and was first used for the precursor to [[Tropical Storm Bret (2017)|Tropical Storm Bret]] in [[2017 Atlantic hurricane season|2017]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/news/20170309_pa_2017SeasonChanges.pdf|title=Update on National Hurricane Center Products and Services for 2017|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=June 18, 2021}}</ref> Around this time, the cloud pattern of Three was slowly becoming organized and a broad curved banding feature developed on the eastern side of the storm, acquiring more subtropical characteristics than tropical.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2021/al03/al032021.discus.001.shtml?|title=Potential Tropical Cyclone Three Discussion Number 1|author=Michael Brennan, Richard Pasch|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=June 17, 2021|access-date=June 18, 2021}}</ref> Hurricane Hunters data indicated that the system was rather lopsided, with convective activity being displaced east of the ill-defined center of circulation. This was due to [[wind shear]] produced by an upper-level trough over the western shore of the Gulf of Mexico.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2021/al03/al032021.discus.002.shtml?|title=Potential Tropical Cyclone Three Discussion Number 2|author=Jack Beven|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=June 18, 2021|access-date=June 18, 2021}}</ref>


The next day, the center reformed further north, increasing deep convection and adding a curvature to the lower-level clouds.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2021/al03/al032021.discus.003.shtml|title=Potential Tropical Cyclone Three Discussion Number 3|author=Eric Blake|publisher=National Hurricane Center|location=Miami, Florida|date=June 18, 2021|access-date=June 18, 2021}}</ref> This allowed a low-level circulation center to finally form, with rainbands wrapping around it. Thus, at 09:00 UTC, the NHC classified the system as a tropical storm and named it ''Claudette.''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Blake|first=Eric S.|date=June 19, 2021|title=Tropical Storm CLAUDETTE Public Advisory Number 7|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2021/al03/al032021.public.007.shtml?|url-status=live|access-date=June 19, 2021|website=www.nhc.noaa.gov}}</ref> Shortly after being named, Claudette moved ashore just west of [[New Orleans]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Cangialosi|first=John P.|date=June 19, 2021|title=Tropical Storm Claudette Intermediate Public Advisory Numbre 7A|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/text/refresh/MIATCPAT3+shtml/191149.shtml?|url-status=live|access-date=June 19, 2021|website=www.nhc.noaa.gov}}</ref>
The next day, the center reformed further north, increasing deep convection and adding a curvature to the lower-level clouds.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2021/al03/al032021.discus.003.shtml|title=Potential Tropical Cyclone Three Discussion Number 3|author=Eric Blake|publisher=National Hurricane Center|location=Miami, Florida|date=June 18, 2021|access-date=June 18, 2021}}</ref> This allowed a low-level circulation center to finally form, with rainbands wrapping around it. Thus, at 09:00 UTC, the NHC classified the system as a tropical storm and named it ''Claudette.''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Blake|first=Eric S.|date=June 19, 2021|title=Tropical Storm CLAUDETTE Public Advisory Number 7|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2021/al03/al032021.public.007.shtml?|url-status=live|access-date=June 19, 2021|website=www.nhc.noaa.gov}}</ref> Shortly after being named, Claudette moved more inland just west of [[New Orleans]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Cangialosi|first=John P.|date=June 19, 2021|title=Tropical Storm Claudette Intermediate Public Advisory Numbre 7A|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/text/refresh/MIATCPAT3+shtml/191149.shtml?|url-status=live|access-date=June 19, 2021|website=www.nhc.noaa.gov}}</ref>


====Current storm information====
====Current storm information====

Revision as of 14:24, 19 June 2021

Tropical Storm Claudette
Current storm status
Tropical storm (1-min mean)
Satellite image
Forecast map
As of:7:00 a.m. CDT (12:00 UTC) June 19
Location:30°24′N 90°06′W / 30.4°N 90.1°W / 30.4; -90.1 (Tropical Storm Claudette) ± 60 nm
About 30 mi (50 km) N of New Orleans, Louisiana
About 120 mi (195 km) W of Mobile, Alabama
Sustained winds:40 kn (45 mph; 75 km/h) (1-min mean)
gusting to 45 kn (50 mph; 85 km/h)
Pressure:1006 mbar (29.71 inHg)
Movement:N at 10 kn (12 mph; 19 km/h)
See more detailed information.

Tropical Storm Claudette is a currently active tropical storm that is impacting the Gulf Coast of the United States. The third tropical system to develop during the 2021 Atlantic hurricane season, Three originated from a broad trough of low pressure over the Bay of Campeche on June 12, that moved erratically over the region for the next several days. Moving northward with little development due to unfavorable upper-level winds and land interaction, the system was designated as a Potential Tropical Cyclone late on June 17.

Meteorological history

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

At 12:00 UTC on June 11, the National Hurricane Center noted the possibility of a trough of low pressure to develop in the upcoming few days over the Bay of Campeche and southwestern Gulf of Mexico.[1] Although, only 24 hours later, a cluster of convection formed over the Bay of Campeche and parts of Mexico and Central America. Moving erratically over the bight,[2] the disturbance attained a broad circulation during June 13.[3] Over the next few days, the structure of the system changed minimally,[4] although convective activity occurred continuously.[5] The cyclone failed to develop over the Bay of Campeche due to unfavorable upper-level winds and land interaction, instead moving northward on June 17.[6] Later that day, a Hurricane Hunters Reconnaissance aircraft investigated the system,[7] and upgraded it to Potential Tropical Cyclone Three at 21:00 UTC that day.[8] This designation is given to tropical disturbances that haven’t acquired tropical cyclone status, but are likely to bring tropical storm-force winds or higher to an area, in this case the Gulf Coast of the United States, and was first used for the precursor to Tropical Storm Bret in 2017.[9] Around this time, the cloud pattern of Three was slowly becoming organized and a broad curved banding feature developed on the eastern side of the storm, acquiring more subtropical characteristics than tropical.[10] Hurricane Hunters data indicated that the system was rather lopsided, with convective activity being displaced east of the ill-defined center of circulation. This was due to wind shear produced by an upper-level trough over the western shore of the Gulf of Mexico.[11]

The next day, the center reformed further north, increasing deep convection and adding a curvature to the lower-level clouds.[12] This allowed a low-level circulation center to finally form, with rainbands wrapping around it. Thus, at 09:00 UTC, the NHC classified the system as a tropical storm and named it Claudette.[13] Shortly after being named, Claudette moved more inland just west of New Orleans.[14]

Current storm information

As of 7:00 a.m. CDT (12:00 UTC) June 19, Tropical Storm Claudette is located within 60 nautical miles of 28°54′N 90°54′W / 28.9°N 90.9°W / 28.9; -90.9 (Claudette), about 30 mi (50 km) north of New Orleans, Louisiana and about 120 mi (195 km) west of Mobile, Alabama. Maximum sustained winds are 40 knots (45 mph; 75 km/h), with gusts up to 45 knots (50 mph; 85 km/h). The minimum barometric pressure is 1006 mbar (29.71 inHg), and the system is moving north at 10 kn (12 mph; 19 km/h).

For the latest official information, see:

Watches and warnings

Template:HurricaneWarningsTable

Preparations

Waves from Claudette crashing against jetties on North Padre Island

At 21:00 UTC on June 17, a Tropical Storm Warning was issued from Intracoastal City, Louisiana to the Alabama-Florida state line, including the New Orleans Metropolitan Area, Lake Pontchartrain, and Lake Maurepas, upon designation as a potential tropical cyclone.[15] The warning between Morgan City and Intracoastal City was later cancelled at 15:00 UTC on June 18.[16] Flash Flood Watches were also ordered for much of Southeast Louisiana and Mississippi between June 18-20, and also for central and southern Alabama.[17][18] Coastal flood warnings were also posted from Intracoastal City to the Mississippi-Alabama state line.[19] Louisiana Governor John Bel Edwards issued a state of emergency for the state on June 17, banning price gouging and allowing the distribution of state-provided emergency relief.[20] Sandbag sites were opened in many parishes across Southeast Louisiana.[21] The Chevron Corporation and Occidental Petroleum removed non-essential staff and implemented severe weather protocols on their Gulf of Mexico facilities, some of which are located roughly 150 miles (240 km) offshore Louisiana.[22]

At least 90,000 sandbags were sent to coastal areas in Mississippi by the state emergency management agency, who advised residents to remain vigilant.[23] Several events, including Juneteenth events were cancelled or postponed due to the threat of Three in southern Mississippi, 2021 was the first year Juneteenth was officially a federal holiday. The De Soto National Forest shut down recreation sites near Saucier and river landings along Black Creek.[24][25] In neighboring Alabama, construction crews had to hastily finish repairs on bulkheads in Fairhope and drainage in Downtown Mobile, the former of which was damaged by Hurricanes Sally and Zeta from the previous year.[26] The Gulf Islands National Seashore in Florida closed down Fort Pickens, issuing a mandatory evacuation for all staff and visitors of the reserve which lasted until noon on June 18. This was due to concerns of high tides pushing sand onto Fort Pickens Road, creating hostile conditions for usage. Despite this, "Opal Beach", the landfall site of Hurricane Opal, and Perdido Key remained open.[27]

Impact

Mexico and Central America

The precursors of Claudette and Tropical Storm Dolores caused torrential rainfall in parts of Central America and Mexico.[28] In Oaxaca, at least ten Zapotec communities were impacted by overflowing streams and rivers, and damage to agriculture and infrastructure. The worst damage in Oaxaca was reported in the Sierra Sur and Costa regions, where mudslides made roads impassible.[29]

United States

Claudette made landfall in Louisiana on Juneteenth, the first year it had been a federal holiday in the United States, and the day before Father's Day, causing disruptions for many celebrations.[30] Tropical storm-force winds impacted portions of the Northern Gulf Coast, with a weather station on Petit Bois Island recording a wind of 39 mph (63 km/h) and a wind gust of 46 mph (74 km/h).[31]

See also

References

  1. ^ Jack Beven (June 11, 2021). "Five-Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook". Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 12, 2021.
  2. ^ Jack Beven, Andrew Latto (June 12, 2021). "Two-Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 12, 2021.
  3. ^ Eric Blake (June 13, 2021). "Two-Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  4. ^ "Two-Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook".
  5. ^ "Two-Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook". June 16, 2021. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  6. ^ "Two-Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook". June 17, 2021. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  7. ^ "Two-Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook". June 17, 2021. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  8. ^ Richard Pasch (June 17, 2021). "Potential Tropical Cyclone Three". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  9. ^ "Update on National Hurricane Center Products and Services for 2017" (PDF). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  10. ^ Michael Brennan, Richard Pasch (June 17, 2021). "Potential Tropical Cyclone Three Discussion Number 1". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  11. ^ Jack Beven (June 18, 2021). "Potential Tropical Cyclone Three Discussion Number 2". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  12. ^ Eric Blake (June 18, 2021). "Potential Tropical Cyclone Three Discussion Number 3". Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  13. ^ Blake, Eric S. (June 19, 2021). "Tropical Storm CLAUDETTE Public Advisory Number 7". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved June 19, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  14. ^ Cangialosi, John P. (June 19, 2021). "Tropical Storm Claudette Intermediate Public Advisory Numbre 7A". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved June 19, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  15. ^ Richard Pasch (June 17, 2021). "Potential Tropical Cyclone Three Forecast/Advisory Number 1". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  16. ^ John Cangialosi (June 18, 2021). "Potential Tropical Cyclone Three Advisory Number 4". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  17. ^ "Potential Tropical Cyclone 3 begins to move north, impacts expected for Louisiana Friday". WSDU. June 17, 2021. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  18. ^ Ryan Stinnett (June 18, 2021). "Flash Flooding and Isolated Tornadoes Possible this Weekend". Alabama News Network. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
  19. ^ Mark Schleifstein (June 17, 2021). "Possible tropical storm to make landfall in Louisiana on Saturday, see warning issued". NOLA.com. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  20. ^ John Bel Edwards (June 17, 2021). "State of Emergency - Invest 92L Tropical Storm" (PDF). State of Louisiana. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  21. ^ "Ahead of tropical weather, here's where to get sandbags in the New Orleans area". NOLA.com. June 17, 2021. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  22. ^ "Oil firms evacuating Gulf of Mexico facilities ahead of brewing storm". Reuters. Houston, Texas. June 18, 2021. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  23. ^ Phil Helsel (June 17, 2021). "Louisiana under state of emergency as coast braces for storm in Gulf". NBC News. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  24. ^ "Here are all the canceled, postponed events on the MS Coast as tropical weather looms". Biloxi Sun Herald. June 17, 2021. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  25. ^ James Pollard (June 17, 2021). "Juneteenth Is Now a Federal Holiday. What Does That Mean for US Workers This Year?". NBC Connecticut. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  26. ^ Ashlyn Irons (June 17, 2021). "Crews in Fairhope wrap up projects ahead of storm". Fox 10 News. WGCL Digital Media. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
  27. ^ "Gulf Islands National Seashore closing Fort Pickens ahead of tropical system". Pensacola News Journal. USA Today. June 17, 2021. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  28. ^ Eric Blake (June 13, 2021). "Two-Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  29. ^ Patricia Briseño (June 17, 2021). "Lluvias en Oaxaca dejan 10 municipios afectados". Excelsior. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  30. ^ Natasha Dado (June 19, 2021). "Morning Briefing June 19, 2021: Detroit police seek shooter who killed 2-year-old boy, local Juneteenth celebrations happening today, Tropical Storm Claudette drenches Gulf Coast". WDIV. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
  31. ^ Julia Musto (June 19, 2021). "Tropical Storm Claudette makes landfall over Gulf Coast, brings heavy rains". Fox News. Retrieved June 19, 2021.