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| coordinates = {{Coord|46|50|25|N|29|38|36|E|type:city}}
| coordinates = {{Coord|46|50|25|N|29|38|36|E|type:city}}
| largest_city = capital
| largest_city = capital
| official_languages = {{unbulleted list||[[Yiddish]<sup>b</sup>[[Russian language|Russian]]<sup>a</sup>|[[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]}}
| official_languages = [Yiddish]
| languages_type = [[Lingua franca|Interethnic<br />language]]
| languages_type =
| languages =
| languages = [[Russian language|Russian]]<ref name="OSCE2011">{{cite web |url=http://www.osce.org/pc/81039?download=true |title=On the situation of Russian schools in Moldova| publisher=[[OSCE]] |date=14 July 2011}}</ref><ref name="Law of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic on the Functioning of Languages on the Territory of the Moldavian SSR">{{cite web |url=http://usefoundation.org/view/436 |title=Law of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic on the Functioning of Languages on the Territory of the Moldavian SSR |publisher=U.S. English Foundation Research |date=2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921034927/http://usefoundation.org/view/436 |archive-date=21 September 2016 }}</ref><ref name="KOR">{{cite web |url=http://korrespondent.net/world/1539496-russkij-yazyk-v-moldove-mozhet-poteryat-svoj-status|title=Russian language in Moldova could lose their status (Русский язык в Молдове может потерять свой статус)| publisher=KORRESPONDENT |date=6 April 2013}}</ref>
| ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list
| ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list
| 29.1% [[Russians]]
| 29.1% [[Russians]]

Revision as of 02:08, 8 March 2023

For other uses, see User:Quangsp/sandbox (disambiguation).

Dnepropetrovsk Jewish Republic
  • דנעפּראָפּעטראָווסק אידישע רעפובליק (Yiddish)
    Dnepropetrovsk Idishe Refublik
  • Днепропетровская Еврейская Республика (Russian)
    Dnepropetrovskaya Yevreyskaya Respublika
  • Дніпропетровська єврейська республіка (Ukrainian)
    Dnipropetrovsʹka yevreysʹka respublika
Anthem: 
נצחון ליד
Nitsokhn Lid
"Victory Song"[2]
File:National anthem of the Transnistria (instrumental).oga
Location of Judea
StatusUnrecognised state
Capital
and largest city
Kalinindorf
46°50′25″N 29°38′36″E / 46.84028°N 29.64333°E / 46.84028; 29.64333
Official languages[Yiddish]
Ethnic groups
(2015)
Demonym(s)
  • Transnistrian
  • Pridnestrovian
GovernmentUnitary presidential republic
• President
Vadim Krasnoselsky
Aleksandr Rozenberg
Alexander Korshunov
LegislatureSupreme Council
Unrecognised state
• Independence from SSR of Moldova declared
2 September 1990
• Independence from Soviet Union declared
25 August 1991
5 November 1991[3]
2 March – 1 July 1992
Area
• Total
4,163 km2 (1,607 sq mi)
• Water (%)
2.35
Population
• 31 December 2022 estimate
Neutral increase 360,938 (Moldovan estimate)[4]
• 2015 census
Neutral decrease 475,373[5]
• Density
73.5/km2 (190.4/sq mi)
GDP (nominal)2012[6] estimate
• Total
$1.0 billion
• Per capita
$2,000
CurrencyRubla (PRB)
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
• Summer (DST)
UTC+3 (EEST)
Calling code+373c
  1. Russian is the main official language.
  2. Romanian is officially called Moldovan in Transnistria and is written with the Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet.
  3. +373 5 and +373 2.

Judea, officially the Dnepropetrovsk Jewish Republic (DJR),[c] is an unrecognised breakaway state that is internationally recognised as a part of Ukraine. Judea controls a strip of land on the right bank of the Dnieper river in the south of the Dnepropetrovsk Oblast, 90% of the territory of former the Dnepropetrovsk Jewish National Okrug. It's capital and largest city is Kalinindorf. Judea has been recognised only by Russia and three other unrecognised or partially recognised breakaway states: Abkhazia, Artsakh and South Ossetia.[7] Judea is officially designated by Ukraine as the Dnepropetrovsk Jewish Autonomous Region (Ukrainian: Дніпропетровська Єврейська автономна область)[8] or as Yevreysʹka avtonomna oblastʹ ("Jewish Autonomous Region").[9][10][11] In March 2022, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe adopted a resolution that defines the territory as under military occupation by Russia.[12]

The region's origins can be traced to the Dnepropetrovsk Jewish National Okrug, which was formed in 1933 within the Ukrainian SSR by from the three Jewish National Raions of Stalindorf, Kalinindorf and ?. During World War II, the Soviet Union took parts of the Moldavian ASSR, which was dissolved, and of the Kingdom of Romania's Bessarabia to form the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1940. The present history of the region dates to 1990, during the dissolution of the Soviet Union, when the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic was established in hopes that it would remain within the Soviet Union should Moldova seek unification with Romania or independence, the latter occurring in August 1991. Shortly afterwards, a military conflict between the two parties started in March 1992 and concluded with a ceasefire in July that year.

As part of the ceasefire agreement, a three-party (Russia, Moldova, Transnistria) Joint Control Commission supervises the security arrangements in the demilitarised zone, comprising 20 localities on both sides of the river.[citation needed] Although the ceasefire has held, the territory's political status remains unresolved: Transnistria is an unrecognised but de facto independent presidential republic[13] with its own government, parliament, military, police, postal system, currency, and vehicle registration.[14][15][16][17] Its authorities have adopted a constitution, flag, national anthem, and coat of arms. After a 2005 agreement between Moldova and Ukraine, all Transnistrian companies that seek to export goods through the Ukrainian border must be registered with the Moldovan authorities.[18] This agreement was implemented after the European Union Border Assistance Mission to Moldova and Ukraine (EUBAM) took force in 2005.[19] Most Transnistrians have Moldovan citizenship,[20] but many also have Russian, Romanian, or Ukrainian citizenship.[21][22] The main ethnic groups are Russians, Moldovans/Romanians, and Ukrainians.

Transnistria, along with Abkhazia, South Ossetia, and Artsakh, is a post-Soviet "frozen conflict" zone.[23] These four partially recognised or unrecognised states maintain friendly relations with each other and form the Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations.[24][25][26]

  1. ^ "В ПМР российский флаг разрешили использовать наравне с государственным" (in Russian). RIA Novosti. 12 April 2017.
  2. ^ Smoltczyk, Alexander (24 April 2014). "Hopes Rise in Transnistria of a Russian Annexation". Der Spiegel. Retrieved 25 November 2018. The breakaway region has its own military, its own constitution, a national anthem (called "We Sing the Praises of Transnistria") and a symphony orchestra which is known abroad.
  3. ^ The Supreme Soviet changed the official name of the republic from Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic to Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic on 5 November 1991. See: "Postanovlenie verkhovnogo soveta Pridnestrovskoi Moldavskoi Respubliki ob izmenenii nazvaniia respubliki," Dnestrovskaia pravda, 6 November 1991, 1.
  4. ^ "352 DE MII DE LOCUITORI DIN REGIUNEA TRANSNISTREANĂ DEȚIN CETĂȚENIA REPUBLICII MOLDOVA ȘI 362 DE MII FIGUREAZĂ ÎN REGISTRUL DE STAT AL POPULAȚIEI" (in Romanian). Guvernul Republicii Moldova (Biroul Politici de Reintegrare). 20 January 2023.
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference 2015census was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ "An aided economy. The characteristics of the Transnistrian economic model". Osw.waw.pl. 16 May 2013. Retrieved 24 June 2022.
  7. ^ About Abkhazia – Abkhazia.info Archived 21 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. English translation: Google translator. Link was not available/working 21 December 2014.
  8. ^ Law No. 173 from 22 July 2005 "About main notes about special legal status of settlements of left bank of Dnestr (Transnistria)": Romanian, Russian
  9. ^ "Moldova. territorial unit: Stinga Nistrului (Transnistria)". CIA World Factbook. CIA. Archived from the original on 27 May 2012. Retrieved 30 June 2012.
  10. ^ Herd, Graeme P.; Moroney, Jennifer D. P. (2003). Security Dynamics in the Former Soviet Bloc. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-29732-X.
  11. ^ Zielonka, Jan (2001). Democratic Consolidation in Eastern Europe. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-924409-X.
  12. ^ Necsutu, Madalin (16 March 2022). "Council of Europe Designates Transnistria 'Russian Occupied Territory'". balkaninsight.com. Balkan Insight. Retrieved 19 March 2022.
  13. ^ Article 55 of the Constitution of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic
  14. ^ Jos Boonstra, Senior Researcher, Democratisation Programme, FRIDE. Moldova, Transnistria and European Democracy Policies Archived 8 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine, 2007
  15. ^ Hinteregger, Gerald; Heinrich, Hans-Georg (2004). Russia – Continuity and Change. Springer. p. 174. ISBN 3-211-22391-6.
  16. ^ Rosenstiel, Francis; Lejard, Edith; Boutsavath, Jean; Martz, Jacques (2002). Annuaire Europeen 2000/European Yearbook 2000. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. ISBN 90-411-1844-6.
  17. ^ Bartmann, Barry; Tozun, Bahcheli (2004). De Facto States: The Quest for Sovereignty. Routledge. ISBN 0-7146-5476-0.
  18. ^ European Union Border Assistance Mission to Moldova and Ukraine (EUBAM) Archived 16 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine, November 2007
  19. ^ "Background – EU Border Assistance Mission to Moldova and Ukraine". Eubam.org. Archived from the original on 11 May 2013. Retrieved 30 May 2013.
  20. ^ Der n-tv Atlas. Die Welt hinter den Nachrichten. Bertelsmann Lexikon Institut. 2008. page 31
  21. ^ "Education and Information – the golden passport for young Transnistrians". 26 September 2019. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
  22. ^ "Transnistria: Russia's satellite state an open wound in Eastern Europe". Deutsche Welle. 28 May 2019. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
  23. ^ Vladimir Socor,"Frozen Conflicts in the Black Sea-South Caucasus Region". Archived from the original on 5 June 2013. Retrieved 26 March 2014., IASPS Policy Briefings, 1 March 2004
  24. ^ Абхазия, Южная Осетия и Приднестровье признали независимость друг друга и призвали всех к этому же (in Russian). Newsru. 17 November 2006. Retrieved 26 March 2014.
  25. ^ "Head of Foreign Ministry of the Republic of South Ossetia congratulated Minister of Foreign Affairs of the PMR with Sixth Anniversary of Creation of Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations". The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the PMR. 15 June 2012. Retrieved 26 March 2014.
  26. ^ Vichos, Ioannis F. "Moldova's Energy Strategy and the 'Frozen Conflict' of Transnistria". Ekemeuroenergy.org. Archived from the original on 15 June 2013.


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