User:Shadowboxer2005/Declarations of war during World War I: Difference between revisions
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|Read out on November 14 as a ''[[jihad]]'' against "all enemies of the Ottoman Empire, except the Central Powers." |
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|[[1914 Ottoman jihad proclamation|Declaration]] |
|[[1914 Ottoman jihad proclamation|Declaration]] |
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|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lüdke |first=Tilman |date=December 17, 2018 |title=Jihad, Holy War (Ottoman Empire) |url=https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/jihad_holy_war_ottoman_empire |access-date=March 16, 2024 |website=[[1914-1918-online]]}}</ref> |
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lüdke |first=Tilman |date=December 17, 2018 |title=Jihad, Holy War (Ottoman Empire) |url=https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/jihad_holy_war_ottoman_empire |access-date=March 16, 2024 |website=[[1914-1918-online]]}}</ref> |
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|December 2, 1914 |
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|{{Flag|Kingdom of Serbia|name=Serbia}} |
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| rowspan="3" |{{Flag|Ottoman Empire}} |
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|December 3, 1914 |
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|{{Flag|Kingdom of Montenegro|name=Montenegro}} |
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|December 5, 1914 |
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|{{Flag|Empire of Japan|name=Japan}} |
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|June 3, 1915 |
|June 3, 1915 |
Revision as of 10:28, 16 March 2024
Key to type (fourth column): | |
A | Attack without prior, formal declaration of war; |
S | Severing of diplomatic relations without a formal declaration of war; |
U | State of war arrived at through use of ultimatum; |
V | Volunteers sent out without a formal declaration of war; |
W | Formal declaration of war made. |
Date | Initiator nation(s) | Targeted nation(s) | Type | Notes/comments | Document/event | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
July 28, 1914 | ![]() |
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W | The Bombing of Belgrade, and by extension the first military action of the war, began at midnight on July 28 and 29.[1] | Declaration | [2] |
August 1, 1914 | ![]() |
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W | Declaration | [3] | |
August 2, 1914 | ![]() |
A | Invasion started 3 p.m. CET. While Luxembourg never officially declared war, it participated in the Treaty of Versailles. | Invasion | [4] | |
August 3, 1914 | ![]() |
W | Declaration | [3] | ||
August 4, 1914 | ![]() |
U | Invasion | [5] | ||
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U | Ultimatum expired at 11 p.m. GMT, and 12 a.m. CET on August 5.[6] | Declaration | [7] | |
August 6, 1914 | ![]() |
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W | Declaration | [8] | |
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W | ||||
August 8, 1914 | ![]() |
W | ||||
August 12, 1914 | ![]() |
W | ||||
August 23, 1914 | ![]() |
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U | Ultimatum sent by Germany on August 15, but when unanswered by the government. | Declaration | [9] |
August 25, 1914 | ![]() |
W | [10] | |||
August 28, 1914 | ![]() |
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W | |||
October 29, 1914 | ![]() |
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A | Attacks against Russian ports by German admiral Wilhelm Souchon. | Attacks | [11] |
November 1, 1914 | ![]() |
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W | [12] | ||
November 5, 1914 | W | [13] | ||||
W | [13] | |||||
November 11, 1914 | ![]() |
W | Read out on November 14 as a jihad against "all enemies of the Ottoman Empire, except the Central Powers." | Declaration | [14] | |
December 2, 1914 | ![]() |
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W | |||
December 3, 1914 | ![]() |
W | ||||
December 5, 1914 | ![]() |
W | ||||
June 3, 1915 | ![]() |
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W | Despite declaring war, the nation sent very few volunteer forces, nor did it participate in any peace treaties.[15] | [16][17] | |
September 21, 1917 | ![]() |
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S | [18] | ||
December 7, 1917 | ![]() |
S | Did not declare war, but was present at the Treaty of Versailles. | [19] | ||
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W | Declaration | [20] | ||
December 10, 1917 | ![]() |
W | Of the Central American nations, Panama was the only one to quickly follow the U.S. in declaring war on Austria-Hungary. | [21] | ||
May 6, 1918 | ![]() |
W | Nicaragua was the only other Central American nation to declare war on both Germany and Austria-Hungary. | [22] | ||
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W | |||||
May 23, 1918 | ![]() |
W | [23] | |||
July 12, 1918 | ![]() |
W | ||||
July 19, 1918 | ![]() |
W |
Notes
- ^ Including the protectorates of the Uryankhay Krai (modern day Tuva), Emirate of Bukhara, and the Khanate of Khiva.
- ^ Including all colonies, Morocco and Tunisia
- ^ Including the United Kingdom, Canada, Newfoundland, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and all colonies and protectorates.
References
- ^ Rauchensteiner, Manfried (2014). The First World War: and the End of the Habsburg Monarchy, 1914–1918. Translated by Güttel-Bellert, Anna; Kay, Alex. Böhlau Wien. pp. 142–143. ISBN 978-3-205-79370-0.
- ^ Joseph, Franz (July 29, 1914). "Kriegserklärung Österreichs an Serbien" [Austria declares war on Serbia]. Wiener Zeitung (in German). No. 175. Government of Austria-Hungary. p. 1. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
- ^ a b "Declaration of War by Germany on Russia (Saturday, August 1, at7.10 P.M.); and on France (Monday, August 3, at 6.45 P.M.)". The American Journal of International Law. 9 (2): 260–302. 1915. doi:10.2307/2212042. ISSN 0002-9300.
- ^ Otte, Thomas (2014). July Crisis: The World's Descent into War, Summer 1914. Cambridge University. p. 487. ISBN 978-1-1070-6490-4.
- ^ Skinner, Henry; Stacke, Harry (1922). "History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence". Principal Events 1914–1918. Her Majesty's Stationery Office. OCLC 17673086.
- ^ Churchill, Winston S. (1938). "X: The Mobiliization of the Navy". The World Crisis 1911-1918. Vol. 1. Odhams Press. p. 186.
- ^ "Violation of Belgian Neutrality". Government of the United Kingdom. August 4, 1914. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
- ^ Rappaport, Alfred (1929). "Die Mobilmachung Montenegros im Sommer 1914" [The Mobilization of Montenegro in the Summer of 1914]. Berliner Monatshefte (in German). pp. 941–966.
- ^ 宣戦の詔書 [Imperial Rescript on Declaration of War] (PDF) (in Japanese). Library of Congress. August 23, 1914. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 1, 2018. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
- ^ Mizokami, Kyle (July 26, 2014). "Japan's baptism of fire: World War I put country on a collision course with West". The Japan Times. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
- ^ Nicolle, David (2008). The Ottomans: Empire of Faith. Thalamus Publishing. p. 167. ISBN 978-1902886114.
- ^ McMeekin, Sean (June 5, 2013). The Russian Origins of the First World War. Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674072336. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
- ^ a b Vasquez, John A. (November 19, 2018). Contagion and War: Lessons from the First World War. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781108417044.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Lüdke, Tilman (December 17, 2018). "Jihad, Holy War (Ottoman Empire)". 1914-1918-online. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
- ^ "World Wars and Fascism in San Marino". SanMarinoSite.com. April 10, 2014. Archived from the original on April 10, 2014. Retrieved 2024-03-16.
- ^ "International law documents, neutrality, breaking of diplomatic relations, war, with notes 1917". Naval War College. Archived from the original on August 5, 2023. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
- ^ "TINY SAN MARINO AT WAR WITH AUSTRIA; Republic Surrounded by Italian Territory Has are Army of About 1,000 Men". The New York Times. June 4, 1915. p. 3. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
- ^ Lansing (September 21, 1917). "The Secretary of State to the Chargé in Costa Rica ( Johnson)". Government of the United States. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
- ^ "Ecuador Severs Relations with Germany". The New Zealand Herald. New Zealand Media and Entertainment. December 11, 1917. p. 5. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
- ^ Elsea, Jennifer (April 18, 2014). "Declarations of War and Authorizations for the Use of Military Force: Historical Background and Legal Implications" (PDF). Federation of American Scientists. Congressional Research Service. p. 4. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
- ^ Price (December 10, 1917). "The Minister in Panama ( Price ) to the Secretary of State". Government of the United States. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
- ^ "Nicaragua Declares War on Germany and Her Allies". The New York Times. May 8, 1918. p. 1. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
- ^ Cuatro, Pagina (May 24, 1918). "Se Proclama el Estado de Guerra Entre Costa Rica y el Imperio Aleman" [State of war Declared Between Costa Rica and the German Empire]. La Información (in Spanish). p. 4.