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{{Short description|German industrial designer}}
{{Short description|German industrial designer}}

{{Infobox person
{{Infobox person
| name = Dieter Rams
| name = Dieter Rams
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| signature = <!-- Please upload image of Rams' signature.-->
| signature = <!-- Please upload image of Rams' signature.-->
}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
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'''Dieter Rams''' (born 20 May 1932) is a German industrial designer who is most closely associated with the consumer products company [[Braun (company)|Braun]], the furniture company [[Vitsœ]], and the [[Functionalism (architecture)|functionalist]] school of [[industrial design]]. His unobtrusive approach and belief in "less, but better" ({{lang-de|Weniger, aber besser}}) design has influenced the practice of design, as well as 20th century aesthetics and culture.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=What is "Good" Design? A quick look at Dieter Rams' Ten Principles. |url=https://designmuseum.org/discover-design/all-stories/what-is-good-design-a-quick-look-at-dieter-rams-ten-principles#:~:text=He%20was%20strongly%20influenced%20by,products%20company%20Braun%20in%201955.&text=During%20his%2040%20years%20at,products%20as%20chief%20of%20design. |access-date=2022-12-05 |website=Design Museum |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Lange |first=Alexandra |date=2018-11-28 |title=What We've Learned from Dieter Rams, and What We've Ignored |url=https://www.newyorker.com/culture/cultural-comment/what-weve-learned-from-dieter-rams-and-what-weve-ignored |access-date=2023-01-29 |magazine=The New Yorker |language=en-US}}</ref> He is quoted as stating that "Indifference towards people and the reality in which they live is actually the one and only cardinal sin in design."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dziersk |first=Mark |date=2012-12-02 |title=In tribute to Mr. Rams |url=https://www.fastcompany.com/1815761/tribute-mr-rams#:~:text=%E2%80%9CIndifference%20towards%20people%20and%20the,design.%E2%80%9D%20%E2%80%93%20Dieter%20Rams. |access-date=2022-12-05 |website=Fast Company}}</ref>


⚫
'''Dieter Rams''' (born 20 May 1932) is a German industrial designer who is most closely associated with the consumer products company [[Braun (company)|Braun]], the furniture company [[Vitsœ]], and the [[Functionalism (architecture)|functionalist]] school of [[industrial design]]. His unobtrusive approach and belief in "less, but better" (''Weniger, aber besser'') design has influenced the practice of design, as well as 20th century aesthetics and culture.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What is "Good" Design? A quick look at Dieter Rams' Ten Principles. |url=https://designmuseum.org/discover-design/all-stories/what-is-good-design-a-quick-look-at-dieter-rams-ten-principles#:~:text=He%20was%20strongly%20influenced%20by,products%20company%20Braun%20in%201955.&text=During%20his%2040%20years%20at,products%20as%20chief%20of%20design. |access-date=2022-12-05 |publisher=Design Museum }}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Lange |first=Alexandra |date=2018-11-28 |title=What We've Learned from Dieter Rams, and What We've Ignored |url=https://www.newyorker.com/culture/cultural-comment/what-weve-learned-from-dieter-rams-and-what-weve-ignored |access-date=2023-01-29 |magazine=The New Yorker }}</ref> He is quoted as stating that "Indifference towards people and the reality in which they live is actually the one and only cardinal sin in design."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dziersk |first=Mark |date=2012-12-02 |title=In tribute to Mr. Rams |url=https://www.fastcompany.com/1815761/tribute-mr-rams#:~:text=%E2%80%9CIndifference%20towards%20people%20and%20the,design.%E2%80%9D%20%E2%80%93%20Dieter%20Rams. |access-date=2022-12-05 |publisher=Fast Company}}</ref>
==Life and career==
⚫
Dieter Rams began his studies in architecture and interior decoration at [[Kunstgewerbeschule#List of Kunstgewerbeschulen (selected)|Wiesbaden School of Art]] in 1947, now part of the [[RheinMain University of Applied Sciences]]. A year later, in 1948, he took a break from studying to gain practical experience and finish his carpentry apprenticeship. He returned to the Wiesbaden School of Art in 1948 and graduated in architecture with honours in 1953, after which he began working for Frankfurt-based architect {{ill|Otto Apel (architect)|lt=Otto Apel|de|Otto Apel}}. In 1955, he was recruited by Braun as an architect and an interior designer, and eventually became a protégé of {{ill|Fritz Eichler (designer)|lt=Fritz Eichler|de|Fritz Eichler (Designer)}} and the [[Ulm School of Design]] professors [[Hans Gugelot]] and [[Otl Aicher]],<ref name="vitsoe1" /> all of whom worked with Braun in various capacities.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hans Gugelot |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095911380 |access-date=2022-12-12 |website=Oxford Reference |language=en }}</ref><ref name="Lovell-2016">{{Cite web |last=Lovell |first=Sophie |date=2016-11-22 |title=Dieter Rams' modular designs open a world of possibilities at the Vitra Schaudepot |url=https://www.wallpaper.com/design/dieter-rams-modular-world-exhibition-vitra-design-museum |access-date=2022-12-12 |website=Wallpaper* Magazine |language=en}}</ref>[[File:Braun SK 4.1.jpg|thumb|Braun ''Phonosuper SK 4'' "Snow White's coffin" by Dieter Rams and [[Hans Gugelot]] (1956)]]


===Braun===
== Studies ==
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[[File:1952 Dieter Rams Chair from Studienarbeit drawing (resized).jpg|thumb|left|Rams' undergraduate work 1952 a model of a chair]]
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Rams joined Braun in 1955 at the age of 23, and in 1961, he became head of design at the company, a position he retained until his retirement at the age of 65 in 1997.<ref name="vitsoe1">{{cite web |title=Dieter Rams Biography |url=https://www.vitsoe.com/gb/about/dieter-rams |access-date=2012-10-11 |publisher=Vitsoe.com}}</ref><ref>[https://www.newyorker.com/culture/cultural-comment/what-weve-learned-from-dieter-rams-and-what-weve-ignored ''What weve learned from Dieter Rams and what weve ignored''], [[The New Yorker]], November 28, 2018</ref><ref name="Zuber-2010" />
⚫
Dieter Rams began his studies in architecture and interior decoration at [[Kunstgewerbeschule#List of Kunstgewerbeschulen (selected)|Wiesbaden School of Art]] in 1947, now part of the [[RheinMain University of Applied Sciences]]. A year later, in 1948, he took a break from studying to gain practical experience and finish his carpentry apprenticeship. He returned to the Wiesbaden School of Art in 1948 and graduated in architecture with honours in 1953, after which he began working for Frankfurt-based architect [[Otto Apel (architect)|Otto Apel]]. In 1955, he was recruited by [[Braun (company)|Braun]] as an architect and an interior designer, and eventually became a protégé of [[Fritz Eichler (designer)|Fritz Eichler]] and the [[Ulm School of Design]] professors [[Hans Gugelot]] and [[Otl Aicher]],<ref name="vitsoe1" /> all of whom worked for Braun in various capacities.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hans Gugelot |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095911380 |access-date=2022-12-12 |publisher=Oxford Reference }}</ref><ref name="Lovell-2016">{{Cite web |last=Lovell |first=Sophie |date=2016-11-22 |title=Dieter Rams' modular designs open a world of possibilities at the Vitra Schaudepot |url=https://www.wallpaper.com/design/dieter-rams-modular-world-exhibition-vitra-design-museum |access-date=2022-12-12 |publisher=Wallpaper Magazine}}</ref>


== Career ==
⚫
Rams and his staff designed many memorable products for Braun including the famous SK 4 [[Radiogram (device)|radiogram]] and the high-quality 'D'-series (D 45, D 46) of 35mm film [[slide projector]]s. The SK 4, known as the "Snow White's coffin," is considered revolutionary because it transitioned household appliance design away from looking like traditional furniture.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Master and commandments |journal=Wallpaper |date=October 2007 |issue=103 |page=321 |publisher=IPC Media |issn=1364-4475 |oclc=948263254 |quote=the Phonosuper SK4, dubbed 'Snow White coffin' because of its transparent lid and white metal casing. The SK4 was revolutionary. Perhaps more than any other product, it marked the end of chunky, bourgeois household electrical products decoratively disguised as pieces of furniture}}</ref> By producing electronic gadgets that were remarkable in their austere aesthetic and user friendliness, Rams made Braun a household name in the 1950s.
[[File:Braun SK 4.1.jpg|thumb|Braun ''Phonosuper SK 4'' "Snow White's coffin" by Dieter Rams and [[Hans Gugelot]] (1956)]]


=== Braun ===
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In 1968, Rams designed the cylindric T 2 cigarette lighter for Braun. A member of the company's board had asked him for a design; Rams replied, "only if we design our own technology to go inside them." Successive versions of the product went on to use then-current motorcycle-like magnetic ignition, followed by piezoelectric, and finally solar-powered mechanisms.<ref>{{cite journal |date=October 2007 |title=05 Good design is unobtrusive |journal=Wallpaper |publisher=IPC Media |issue=103 |page=331 |issn=1364-4475 |oclc=948263254 |quote=A member of the Braun board came to me one day and asked if we could design cigarette lighters and I replied, 'Only if we design our own technology to go inside them.' So we developed an entirely new magnetic ignition system. It needed quite a bit of pressure to ignite —the technology came from the motorbike kick-start mechanism— [...] A later version with piezoelectric ignition was more economical, and the final version developed in 1974 was solar-powered}}</ref>
⚫
Rams joined Braun in 1955 at the age of 23. In 1961 he became head of design at the company, a position he retained until his retirement at the age of 65 in 1997.<ref name="vitsoe1">{{cite web |title=Dieter Rams Biography |url=https://www.vitsoe.com/gb/about/dieter-rams |access-date=2012-10-11 |publisher=Vitsoe.com}}</ref><ref>[https://www.newyorker.com/culture/cultural-comment/what-weve-learned-from-dieter-rams-and-what-weve-ignored ''What weve learned from Dieter Rams and what weve ignored''] The New Yorker 28 November 2018</ref><ref name="Zuber-2010" />

⚫
Rams and his staff designed many memorable products for Braun including the famous SK 4 [[Radiogram (device)|radiogram]] and the high-quality 'D'-series (D 45, D 46) of 35mm film [[slide projector]]s. The SK 4, known as the "Snow White's coffin," is considered revolutionary because it transitioned household appliance design away from looking like traditional furniture.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Master and commandments |journal=Wallpaper |date=October 2007 |issue=103 |page=321 |publisher=IPC Media |issn=1364-4475 |oclc=948263254 }}</ref> By producing electronic gadgets that were remarkable in their austere aesthetic and user friendliness, Rams made Braun a household name in the 1950s.

⚫
In 1968, Rams designed the cylindric T 2 cigarette lighter for Braun. A member of the company's board had asked him for a design; Rams replied, "only if we design our own technology to go inside them." Successive versions of the product went on to use then-current motorcycle-like magnetic ignition, followed by piezoelectric, and finally solar-powered mechanisms.<ref>{{cite journal |date=October 2007 |title=05 Good design is unobtrusive |journal=Wallpaper |publisher=IPC Media |issue=103 |page=331 |issn=1364-4475 |oclc=948263254 }}</ref>


===Vitsœ===
===Vitsœ===
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===Influence===
===Influence===
His approach to design and his aesthetics influenced [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] designer [[Jony Ive|Jonathan Ive]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ling |first=Brian |date=2008-01-19 |title=Jonathan Ive, Design Genius or Something Else? |url=https://designsojourn.com/jonathan-ive-design-genius-or-something-else/ |access-date=2022-10-08 |website=Design Sojourn |language=en-GB}}</ref> and many Apple products pay tribute<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wilson |first=Mark |date=2016-09-01 |title=The Irony Of Apple's War On Design Theft |url=https://www.fastcompany.com/3063280/the-irony-of-apples-war-on-design-theft |access-date=2022-10-08 |website=Fast Company |language=en-US}}</ref> to Rams's work for Braun,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kosner |first=Anthony Wing |title=Jony Ives' (No Longer So) Secret Design Weapon |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/anthonykosner/2013/11/30/jony-ives-no-longer-so-secret-design-weapon/ |access-date=2022-10-08 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> including Apple's iOS 6 calculator, which references<ref name="Lovell-2021">{{Cite web |last1=Lovell |first1=Sophie |last2=Klemp |first2=Klaus |date=2021-08-12 |title=Looking back, and ahead |url=https://www.vitsoe.com/eu/voice/lookingback |access-date=2022-11-30 |website=www.vitsoe.com}}</ref> the 1977 ET66 calculator,<ref name="brauncalculator1">{{cite web |title=Apple design and Dieter Rams |url=http://www.mac-history.net/apple-people/steve-jobs/2012-10-30/the-legend-of-steve-jobs-his-life-and-career/9 |access-date=14 April 2013 |publisher=mac-history.net}}</ref> and prior to a redesign, the appearance of the playing screen in Apple's Podcast app mimicked the appearance of the Braun TG 60 reel-to-reel tape recorder. The iOS 7 world clock app closely mirrors Braun's clock and watch design, while the original iPod closely resembles the Braun T3 [[transistor radio]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-02-05 |title=Design Classic: Dieter Rams' T3 radio |work=Financial Times |url=https://www.ft.com/content/65a9fc82-c515-11e5-808f-8231cd71622e |access-date=2022-11-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Dunning |first1=Brad |last2=Göksenin |first2=Lili |date=2017-05-16 |title=This Massive Dieter Rams Braun Collection Is Pure Design Brilliance |url=https://www.gq.com/story/dieter-rams-braun-collection-at-vitsoe-nyc |access-date=2022-12-01 |website=GQ |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Zuber-2010" /> In [[Gary Hustwit]]'s 2009 documentary film ''[[Objectified]]'', Rams states that Apple is one of the few companies designing products according to his principles.<ref name="braun_desevo">{{cite web |year=2009 |title=Design evolution |url=http://www.braun.com/global/world-of-braun/braun-design/design-evolution.html |access-date=24 May 2011 |publisher=Braun GmbH |quote=Designer: Dieter Rams and Dietrich Lubs}}</ref><ref name="Gizmodo-2008">{{cite web |date=14 January 2008 |title=The Future Of Apple Is In 1960s Braun: 1960s Braun Products Hold the Secrets to Apple's Future |url=https://gizmodo.com/343641/1960s-braun-products-hold-the-secrets-to-apples-future |access-date=30 June 2010 |work=gizmodo.com |publisher=Gawker Media}}</ref> In a 2010 interview with ''[[Die Zeit]]'', Rams mentions that Ive personally sent him an iPhone "Along with a nice letter. He thanked me for the inspiration that my work was to him".<ref name="Zuber-2010" />
His approach to design and his aesthetics influenced [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] designer [[Jony Ive|Jonathan Ive]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ling |first=Brian |date=2008-01-19 |title=Jonathan Ive, Design Genius or Something Else? |url=https://designsojourn.com/jonathan-ive-design-genius-or-something-else/ |access-date=2022-10-08 |website=Design Sojourn |language=en-GB}}</ref> and many Apple products pay tribute<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wilson |first=Mark |date=2016-09-01 |title=The Irony Of Apple's War On Design Theft |url=https://www.fastcompany.com/3063280/the-irony-of-apples-war-on-design-theft |access-date=2022-10-08 |website=Fast Company |language=en-US}}</ref> to Rams's work for Braun,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kosner |first=Anthony Wing |title=Jony Ives' (No Longer So) Secret Design Weapon |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/anthonykosner/2013/11/30/jony-ives-no-longer-so-secret-design-weapon/ |access-date=2022-10-08 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> including Apple's iOS 6 calculator, which references<ref name="Lovell-2021">{{Cite web |last1=Lovell |first1=Sophie |last2=Klemp |first2=Klaus |date=2021-08-12 |title=Looking back, and ahead |url=https://www.vitsoe.com/eu/voice/lookingback |access-date=2022-11-30 |website=www.vitsoe.com}}</ref> the 1977 ET66 calculator,<ref name="brauncalculator1">{{cite web |title=Apple design and Dieter Rams |url=http://www.mac-history.net/apple-people/steve-jobs/2012-10-30/the-legend-of-steve-jobs-his-life-and-career/9 |access-date=14 April 2013 |publisher=mac-history.net}}</ref> and prior to a redesign, the appearance of the playing screen in Apple's Podcast app mimicked the appearance of the Braun TG 60 reel-to-reel tape recorder. The iOS 7 world clock app closely mirrors Braun's clock and watch design, while the original iPod closely resembles the Braun T3 [[transistor radio]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-02-05 |title=Design Classic: Dieter Rams' T3 radio |work=Financial Times |url=https://www.ft.com/content/65a9fc82-c515-11e5-808f-8231cd71622e |access-date=2022-11-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Dunning |first1=Brad |last2=Göksenin |first2=Lili |date=2017-05-16 |title=This Massive Dieter Rams Braun Collection Is Pure Design Brilliance |url=https://www.gq.com/story/dieter-rams-braun-collection-at-vitsoe-nyc |access-date=2022-12-01 |website=GQ |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Zuber-2010" /> In [[Gary Hustwit]]'s 2009 documentary film ''[[Objectified]]'', Rams states that Apple is one of the few companies designing products according to his principles.<ref name="braun_desevo">{{cite web |year=2009 |title=Design evolution |url=http://www.braun.com/global/world-of-braun/braun-design/design-evolution.html |access-date=24 May 2011 |publisher=Braun GmbH }}</ref><ref name="Gizmodo-2008">{{cite web |date=14 January 2008 |title=The Future Of Apple Is In 1960s Braun: 1960s Braun Products Hold the Secrets to Apple's Future |url=https://gizmodo.com/343641/1960s-braun-products-hold-the-secrets-to-apples-future |access-date=30 June 2010 |work=gizmodo.com |publisher=Gawker Media}}</ref> In a 2010 interview with ''[[Die Zeit]]'', Rams mentions that Ive personally sent him an iPhone "Along with a nice letter. He thanked me for the inspiration that my work was to him".<ref name="Zuber-2010" />


The designer [[Jasper Morrison]] has spoken<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jasper Morrison, The Minimalist |url=https://jaspermorrison.com/publications/interviews/whitewall-jasper-morrison-the-minimalist |access-date=2022-12-01 |website=jaspermorrison.com}}</ref> of his grandfather's Rams designed Braun "Snow White's Coffin" being an "important influence on [his] choice in becoming a designer."<ref>{{Cite news |date=February 2010 |title=The Minimalist |work=Whitewall Magazine}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Design Icon: 10 Works by Jasper Morrison – Dwell |url=https://www.dwell.com/amp/article/jasper-morrison-designs-732892a1 |access-date=2022-12-01 |website=www.dwell.com}}</ref><ref name="Lovell-2021" />
The designer [[Jasper Morrison]] has spoken<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jasper Morrison, The Minimalist |url=https://jaspermorrison.com/publications/interviews/whitewall-jasper-morrison-the-minimalist |access-date=2022-12-01 |website=jaspermorrison.com}}</ref> of his grandfather's Rams designed Braun "Snow White's Coffin" being an "important influence on [his] choice in becoming a designer."<ref>{{Cite news |date=February 2010 |title=The Minimalist |work=Whitewall Magazine}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Design Icon: 10 Works by Jasper Morrison – Dwell |url=https://www.dwell.com/amp/article/jasper-morrison-designs-732892a1 |access-date=2022-12-01 |website=www.dwell.com}}</ref><ref name="Lovell-2021" />
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# '''is innovative''' – The possibilities for progression are not, by any means, exhausted. Technological development is always offering new opportunities for original designs. But imaginative design always develops in tandem with improving technology, and can never be an end in itself.
# '''is innovative''' – The possibilities for progression are not, by any means, exhausted. Technological development is always offering new opportunities for original designs. But imaginative design always develops in tandem with improving technology, and can never be an end in itself.
# '''makes a product useful''' – A product is bought to be used. It has to satisfy not only functional, but also psychological and aesthetic criteria. Good design emphasizes the usefulness of a product whilst disregarding anything that could detract from it.<ref>{{cite journal |title=02 Good design makes a product useful |journal=Wallpaper |date=October 2007 |issue=103 |page=326 |publisher=IPC Media |issn=1364-4475 |oclc=948263254 |quote=The product is purchased in order to be used. It must serve a defined purpose –in both primary and additional functions. The most important task of design is to optimise the utility of a product.}}</ref>
# '''makes a product useful''' – A product is bought to be used. It has to satisfy not only functional, but also psychological and aesthetic criteria. Good design emphasizes the usefulness of a product whilst disregarding anything that could detract from it.<ref>{{cite journal |title=02 Good design makes a product useful |journal=Wallpaper |date=October 2007 |issue=103 |page=326 |publisher=IPC Media |issn=1364-4475 |oclc=948263254 }}</ref>
# '''is aesthetic''' – The aesthetic quality of a product is integral to its usefulness because products are used every day and have an effect on people and their well-being. Only well-executed objects can be beautiful.
# '''is aesthetic''' – The aesthetic quality of a product is integral to its usefulness because products are used every day and have an effect on people and their well-being. Only well-executed objects can be beautiful.
# '''makes a product understandable''' – It clarifies the product’s structure. Better still, it can make the product clearly express its function by making use of the user's intuition. At best, it is self-explanatory.
# '''makes a product understandable''' – It clarifies the product’s structure. Better still, it can make the product clearly express its function by making use of the user's intuition. At best, it is self-explanatory.
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===Awards and honours===
===Awards and honours===
* 1960: Received Kulturkreis im Bundesverband der Deutschen Industrie
* 1960: Received Kulturkreis im Bundesverband der Deutschen Industrie
* 1961: TP1 portable record player and radio received Supreme Award at Interplas exhibition, London<ref>{{cite journal |title=01 Design is innovative |journal=Wallpaper |date=October 2007 |issue=103 |pages=324–325 |publisher=IPC Media |issn=1364-4475 |oclc=948263254 |quote=TP1 RADIO/PHONO COMBINATION, 1959 [...] It was awarded the Interplast design award in London in 1961}}</ref>
* 1961: TP1 portable record player and radio received Supreme Award at Interplas exhibition, London<ref>{{cite journal |title=01 Design is innovative |journal=Wallpaper |date=October 2007 |issue=103 |pages=324–325 |publisher=IPC Media |issn=1364-4475 |oclc=948263254 }}</ref>
* 1963: F21 received ‘Supreme Award’ at Interplas exhibition, London
* 1963: F21 received ‘Supreme Award’ at Interplas exhibition, London
* 1968: Honorary Member, [[Royal Designers for Industry]] of the British [[Royal Society of Arts]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Current Honorary Royal Designers for Industry, Dieter Rams, Electrical Appliances & Furniture,1968 |url=https://www.thersa.org/about/royal-designers-for-industry/current-honorary-royal-designers-for-industry |access-date=2023-02-12 |website=The Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce |language=en}}</ref>
* 1968: Honorary Member, [[Royal Designers for Industry]] of the British [[Royal Society of Arts]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Current Honorary Royal Designers for Industry, Dieter Rams, Electrical Appliances & Furniture,1968 |url=https://www.thersa.org/about/royal-designers-for-industry/current-honorary-royal-designers-for-industry |access-date=2023-02-12 |website=The Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce |language=en}}</ref>
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In 2021 an exhibition of approximately 30 works, 100 photographs, and information panels opened at the [[Museum Angewandte Kunst]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Interview with Prof. Dr. Klaus Klemp on the work of Dieter Rams |url=https://www.stylepark.com/en/news/klaus-klemp-dieter-rams-museum-angewandte-kunst-frankfurt |access-date=2022-12-13 |website=Stylepark |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dieter Rams. Looking Back and Ahead / Museum Angewandte Kunst |url=https://www.museumangewandtekunst.de/en/dieter-rams |access-date=2022-12-13 |website=www.museumangewandtekunst.de}}</ref> The exhibit was subsequently on view at the [[Goethe-Institut|Goethe Institute]] in New York in 2022,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Exhibition: Dieter Rams A Look Back and Ahead – Goethe-Institut USA |url=https://www.goethe.de/ins/us/en/sta/ney/ver.cfm?event_id=22882717 |access-date=2022-12-13 |website=Goethe Institut |language=en}}</ref> and the [[ADI Design Museum]] in Milan in 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kiran Piotti |first=Cristina |date=2023-05-08 |title=Less but better: Dieter Rams' lessons on show at ADI Design Museum, Milan |url=https://www.wallpaper.com/design-interiors/dieter-rams-adi-design-museum-milan |access-date=2023-07-22 |website=wallpaper.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The works of Dieter Rams on show in Milan |url=https://www.domusweb.it/en/news/gallery/2023/05/08/adi-design-museums-exhibition-celebrating-the-work-of-dieter-rams.preview.html |access-date=2023-07-22 |website=www.domusweb.it |language=en-gb}}</ref>
In 2021 an exhibition of approximately 30 works, 100 photographs, and information panels opened at the [[Museum Angewandte Kunst]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Interview with Prof. Dr. Klaus Klemp on the work of Dieter Rams |url=https://www.stylepark.com/en/news/klaus-klemp-dieter-rams-museum-angewandte-kunst-frankfurt |access-date=2022-12-13 |website=Stylepark |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dieter Rams. Looking Back and Ahead / Museum Angewandte Kunst |url=https://www.museumangewandtekunst.de/en/dieter-rams |access-date=2022-12-13 |website=www.museumangewandtekunst.de}}</ref> The exhibit was subsequently on view at the [[Goethe-Institut|Goethe Institute]] in New York in 2022,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Exhibition: Dieter Rams A Look Back and Ahead – Goethe-Institut USA |url=https://www.goethe.de/ins/us/en/sta/ney/ver.cfm?event_id=22882717 |access-date=2022-12-13 |website=Goethe Institut |language=en}}</ref> and the [[ADI Design Museum]] in Milan in 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kiran Piotti |first=Cristina |date=2023-05-08 |title=Less but better: Dieter Rams' lessons on show at ADI Design Museum, Milan |url=https://www.wallpaper.com/design-interiors/dieter-rams-adi-design-museum-milan |access-date=2023-07-22 |website=wallpaper.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The works of Dieter Rams on show in Milan |url=https://www.domusweb.it/en/news/gallery/2023/05/08/adi-design-museums-exhibition-celebrating-the-work-of-dieter-rams.preview.html |access-date=2023-07-22 |website=www.domusweb.it |language=en-gb}}</ref>


==Gallery of works==
== Gallery of works ==
<gallery>
<gallery>
⚫
File:Braun-Sk61.jpg|Braun SK 61 [[radiogram (device)|radiogram]], 1956
⚫
1952 Dieter Rams Chair from Studienarbeit drawing (resized).jpg|Model of a chair, Rams's undergraduate work, 1952
⚫
File:Braun-transistor.jpg|Braun Transistor 1 radio, 1957
⚫
File:Braun-Sk61.jpg|Braun SK 61 [[radiogram (device)|radiogram]], 1956{{efn|group=|Dieter Rams and [[Hans Gugelot]]|name=en1}}
⚫
File:Braun-transistor.jpg|Braun Transistor 1 radio, 1957{{efn|group=|Dieter Rams and [[Hans Gugelot]]|name=en1}}
File:DieterRamsTP1Perspective.jpg|alt=Braun TP1 portable transistor radio and phonograph, 1959|Braun TP 1 portable transistor radio and phonograph, 1959<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dieter Rams. Portable Transistor Radio and Phonograph model TP 1 (1959) |url=https://www.moma.org/collection/works/2500 |access-date=2022-12-04 |website=The Museum of Modern Art |language=en}}</ref>
File:DieterRamsTP1Perspective.jpg|alt=Braun TP1 portable transistor radio and phonograph, 1959|Braun TP 1 portable transistor radio and phonograph, 1959<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dieter Rams. Portable Transistor Radio and Phonograph model TP 1 (1959) |url=https://www.moma.org/collection/works/2500 |access-date=2022-12-04 |website=The Museum of Modern Art |language=en}}</ref>
File:Braun LE1 Speaker.jpg|Braun LE 1 speaker, 1959
File:Braun LE1 Speaker.jpg|Braun LE 1 speaker, 1959
Line 114: Line 118:
Braun-atelier-03 2007-02-resized.jpg|Braun Atelier series, 1979 to 1991
Braun-atelier-03 2007-02-resized.jpg|Braun Atelier series, 1979 to 1991
File:Braun Dieter Rams Lighter Austin Calhoon Photograph.jpg|Braun lighter, early 1980s
File:Braun Dieter Rams Lighter Austin Calhoon Photograph.jpg|Braun lighter, early 1980s
File:Braun ABW30 (schwarz).jpg|Braun ABW 30, 1982{{efn|group=|Dieter Rams and {{ill|Dietrich Lubs|de}}|name=en2}}
File:Braun ABW30 (schwarz).jpg|Braun ABW 30, 1982
File:Dieter Rams i Dieter Lubs- Calculator Braun ET66-1987.dhub.jpg|alt=Braun ET66 calculator, 1987|Braun ET 66 calculator, 1987{{efn|group=|Dieter Rams and {{ill|Dietrich Lubs|de}}|name=en2}}
File:Dieter Rams i Dieter Lubs- Calculator Braun ET66-1987.dhub.jpg|alt=Braun ET66 calculator, 1987|Braun ET 66 calculator, 1987
</gallery>
</gallery>


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{{notelist}}
{{notelist}}


==Publications==
== References ==
⚫
{{Reflist}}
* Klemp, Klaus and Ueki-Polet, Keiko (2011). ''Less and More: The Design Ethos of Dieter Rams''. Die Gestalten Verlag. {{ISBN|978-3-89955-397-0}}
* Lovell, Sophie (2011). ''As Little Design As Possible: The Work of Dieter Rams''. London: Phaidon. {{ISBN|978-0-7148-4918-8}}
* {{Cite book |last=Rams |first=Dieter |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/876007102 |title=Weniger, aber besser = Less, but better |date=2014 |isbn=978-3-89955-525-7 |edition=5. Auflage| location=Berlin |oclc=876007102}}
* {{cite book |last=Klemp |first=Klaus |title=Dieter Rams |publisher=Phaidon |date=2020 |isbn=978-1-83866-153-3}}
* {{cite book |last=Klemp |first=Klaus |title=Braun: Designed to Keep |publisher=Phaidon |date=2023 |isbn=978-1-83866-389-6}}

==References==
⚫
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Dieter Rams}}
{{Wikiquote}}
*{{Official site}}
* [http://designmuseum.org/design/dieter-rams London's Design Museum page on Dieter Rams]
* [https://www.moma.org/artists/8451 Museum of Modern Art holdings of Rams's work]
* [https://www.domusweb.it/en/biographies/dieter-rams.html Domus Magazine biographical page on Dieter Rams]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060616061959/http://www.designboom.com/eng/interview/rams.html Designboom page on Dieter Rams]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100824003849/http://www.iconeye.com/index.php?view=article&catid=291:icon+010&layout=default&id=2323:dieter-rams--icon-010--february-2004&option=com_content ''Icon ''magazine interview with Dieter Rams]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110716232639/http://www.iconeye.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&catid=1%3Alatest-news&id=4157%3Ainterview-with-dieter-rams A later ''Icon'' interview]
* [https://www.dezeen.com/2009/11/21/dezeen-podcast-dieter-rams-at-the-design-museum/ Dieter Rams at the Design Museum] ([[Dezeen]] podcast)
* [https://www.vitsoe.com/gb/about/dieter-rams Vitsœ on Dieter Rams]
* [https://www.aesence.com/does-good-design-have-to-be-aesthetic/ Exploring Dieter Rams principle "Good Design is Aesthetic"]
* [https://www.braundesign.es/dieter-rams Dieter Rams page on web www.braundesign.es], spanish (english version available)
* [https://www.braundesign.es/dieter-rams-y-su-colaboracion-con-vitsoe/ Page about Dieter Rams collaboration with Vitsoe on web www.braundesign.es], Spanish (English version available)
* [https://www.braundesign.es/familia-de-producto/ All designs made for Braun by Dieter Rams and his team on web www.braundesign.es], Spanish (English version available)
* [https://www.braundesign.es/el-funcionalismo/ 10 Principles of good design by Dieter Rams on web www.braundesign.es], Spanish (English version available)
* ''[https://vimeo.com/ondemand/ramsfilm/ Rams]'' film by [[Gary Hustwit]] on Vimeo (paid streaming)
*{{IMDb name|id=nm3088136}}


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}

Revision as of 16:21, 29 March 2024

Dieter Rams
Dieter Rams in 2010
Born (1932-05-20) 20 May 1932 (age 92)
Wiesbaden, Hesse-Nassau, Prussia, Germany
NationalityGerman
OccupationIndustrial designer
Known forTen principles of "good design"
Braun consumer products
Vitsœ furniture
Notable workBraun SK 4 radiogram
Vitsœ 606 Universal Shelving System
SpouseIngeborg Kracht-Rams
AwardsCommander's Cross (Order of Merit, Germany)
Websiterams-foundation.org

Dieter Rams (born 20 May 1932) is a German industrial designer who is most closely associated with the consumer products company Braun, the furniture company Vitsœ, and the functionalist school of industrial design. His unobtrusive approach and belief in "less, but better" (Weniger, aber besser) design has influenced the practice of design, as well as 20th century aesthetics and culture.[1][2] He is quoted as stating that "Indifference towards people and the reality in which they live is actually the one and only cardinal sin in design."[3]

Studies

Rams' undergraduate work 1952 a model of a chair

Dieter Rams began his studies in architecture and interior decoration at Wiesbaden School of Art in 1947, now part of the RheinMain University of Applied Sciences. A year later, in 1948, he took a break from studying to gain practical experience and finish his carpentry apprenticeship. He returned to the Wiesbaden School of Art in 1948 and graduated in architecture with honours in 1953, after which he began working for Frankfurt-based architect Otto Apel. In 1955, he was recruited by Braun as an architect and an interior designer, and eventually became a protégé of Fritz Eichler and the Ulm School of Design professors Hans Gugelot and Otl Aicher,[4] all of whom worked for Braun in various capacities.[5][6]

Career

Braun Phonosuper SK 4 "Snow White's coffin" by Dieter Rams and Hans Gugelot (1956)

Braun

Rams joined Braun in 1955 at the age of 23. In 1961 he became head of design at the company, a position he retained until his retirement at the age of 65 in 1997.[4][7][8]

Rams and his staff designed many memorable products for Braun including the famous SK 4 radiogram and the high-quality 'D'-series (D 45, D 46) of 35mm film slide projectors. The SK 4, known as the "Snow White's coffin," is considered revolutionary because it transitioned household appliance design away from looking like traditional furniture.[9] By producing electronic gadgets that were remarkable in their austere aesthetic and user friendliness, Rams made Braun a household name in the 1950s.

In 1968, Rams designed the cylindric T 2 cigarette lighter for Braun. A member of the company's board had asked him for a design; Rams replied, "only if we design our own technology to go inside them." Successive versions of the product went on to use then-current motorcycle-like magnetic ignition, followed by piezoelectric, and finally solar-powered mechanisms.[10]

Vitsœ

Rams's furniture seen in a Vitsœ showroom in Tokyo

In 1959, Rams began a collaboration with Vitsœ, at the time known as Vitsœ-Zapf, which led to the development of the 606 Universal Shelving System, which is still sold today, with only minor changes from the original.[11] He also designed furniture for Vitsœ in the 1960s, including the 620 chair collection.[6] He worked with both Braun and Vitsœ until his retirement in 1997, and continues to work with Vitsœ.[4][12]

Influence

His approach to design and his aesthetics influenced Apple designer Jonathan Ive[13] and many Apple products pay tribute[14] to Rams's work for Braun,[15] including Apple's iOS 6 calculator, which references[16] the 1977 ET66 calculator,[17] and prior to a redesign, the appearance of the playing screen in Apple's Podcast app mimicked the appearance of the Braun TG 60 reel-to-reel tape recorder. The iOS 7 world clock app closely mirrors Braun's clock and watch design, while the original iPod closely resembles the Braun T3 transistor radio.[18][19][8] In Gary Hustwit's 2009 documentary film Objectified, Rams states that Apple is one of the few companies designing products according to his principles.[20][21] In a 2010 interview with Die Zeit, Rams mentions that Ive personally sent him an iPhone "Along with a nice letter. He thanked me for the inspiration that my work was to him".[8]

The designer Jasper Morrison has spoken[22] of his grandfather's Rams designed Braun "Snow White's Coffin" being an "important influence on [his] choice in becoming a designer."[23][24][16]

Ten Principles of Good design

Braun SK 61

Rams introduced the idea of sustainable development, and of obsolescence being a crime in design, in the 1970s.[4] Accordingly, he asked himself the question: "Is my design a good design?" The answer he formed became the basis for his celebrated "Ten Principles of Good design".[25][26] According to Rams, "good design":[27][28]

  1. is innovative – The possibilities for progression are not, by any means, exhausted. Technological development is always offering new opportunities for original designs. But imaginative design always develops in tandem with improving technology, and can never be an end in itself.
  2. makes a product useful – A product is bought to be used. It has to satisfy not only functional, but also psychological and aesthetic criteria. Good design emphasizes the usefulness of a product whilst disregarding anything that could detract from it.[29]
  3. is aesthetic – The aesthetic quality of a product is integral to its usefulness because products are used every day and have an effect on people and their well-being. Only well-executed objects can be beautiful.
  4. makes a product understandable – It clarifies the product’s structure. Better still, it can make the product clearly express its function by making use of the user's intuition. At best, it is self-explanatory.
  5. is unobtrusive – Products fulfilling a purpose are like tools. They are neither decorative objects nor works of art. Their design should therefore be both neutral and restrained, to leave room for the user's self-expression.
  6. is honest – It does not make a product appear more innovative, powerful or valuable than it really is. It does not attempt to manipulate the consumer with promises that cannot be kept.
  7. is long-lasting – It avoids being fashionable and therefore never appears antiquated. Unlike fashionable design, it lasts many years – even in today's throwaway society.
  8. is thorough down to the last detail – Nothing must be arbitrary or left to chance. Care and accuracy in the design process show respect towards the consumer.
  9. is environmentally friendly – Design makes an important contribution to the preservation of the environment. It conserves resources and minimizes physical and visual pollution throughout the lifecycle of the product.
  10. is as little design as possible – Less, but better. Simple as possible but not simpler. Good design elevates the essential functions of a product.

Exhibitions and recognition

Rams at the 50th Anniversary of Braun Innovation exhibition, Boston (2005)

Rams has been involved in design for seven decades and has received many honorary appellations throughout his career.[30]

Awards and honours

  • 1960: Received Kulturkreis im Bundesverband der Deutschen Industrie
  • 1961: TP1 portable record player and radio received Supreme Award at Interplas exhibition, London[31]
  • 1963: F21 received ‘Supreme Award’ at Interplas exhibition, London
  • 1968: Honorary Member, Royal Designers for Industry of the British Royal Society of Arts[32]
  • 1969: 620 chair awarded gold medal at the International Furniture Exhibition in Vienna
  • 1978: Awarded SIAD Medal of the Society of Industrial Artists and Designers, UK
  • 1985: Awarded Académico de Honor Extranjero by the Academia Mexicana de Diseño, Mexico
  • 1989: First recipient of the Industrie Forum Design Hannover, Germany, for special contribution to design
  • 1989: Awarded Doctor honoris causa by Royal College of Art, London, UK
  • 1992: Received Ikea prize and uses prize money for his own Dieter and Ingeborg Rams Foundation for the promotion of design
  • 1996: Received World Design Medal from the Industrial Designers Society of America
  • 2002: Awarded Commander's Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (German: Verdienstkreuz des Verdienstordens der Bundesrepublik Deutschland)[8]
  • 2003: Received Design Award ONDI, Havana, Cuba for his special contribution to industrial design and world culture
  • 2007: Awarded Design Prize of the Federal republic of Germany for his life’s work
  • 2007: Received Lucky Strike Designer Award [de] from the Raymond Loewy Foundation
  • 2009: Awarded the great design prize in Australia.[clarification needed]
  • 2010: Kölner Klopfer prize awarded by the students of the Cologne International School of Design
  • 2012: Reddot design award and IF product design award, for the BN0106 digital chronograph[33]
  • 2013: Awarded Lifetime Achievement Medal at London Design Festival 2013

Less and More exhibition

Less and More is an exhibition of Rams's landmark designs for Braun and Vitsœ. It first traveled to Japan in 2008 and 2009,[34] appearing at the Suntory Museum in Osaka and the Fuchu Art Museum in Tokyo. Between November 2009 and March 2010 it appeared at the Design Museum in London.[35][36] It appeared at the Museum für Angewandte Kunst in Frankfurt from July to September 2010.[37][38] The exhibit then appeared at the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art from August 2011 to February 2012.[39]

Rams documentary

On June 22, 2016, filmmaker Gary Hustwit[40] announced his documentary Rams and launched a Kickstarter campaign for the project. The full-length documentary features in-depth conversations with Rams about his design philosophy, the process behind some of his most iconic designs, his inspiration and his regrets. Some of the funds raised in the Kickstarter campaign also helped to preserve Rams's design archive in cooperation with the Dieter and Ingeborg Rams Foundation.[41]

Dieter Rams. Modular World

In 2016, the Vitra Design Museum staged an exhibition titled "Dieter Rams. Modular World" focusing on Rams "obsession with grids and shelving".[42]

Dieter Rams. A Style Room

In 2022, the Museum für Angewandte Kunst in Frankfurt updated and expanded its permanent display titled "Dieter Rams. A Style Room" to mark the designer's 90th birthday. The exhibit also includes photographs by his wife, Ingeborg Rams.[43]

Dieter Rams. Looking back and ahead exhibition

In 2021 an exhibition of approximately 30 works, 100 photographs, and information panels opened at the Museum Angewandte Kunst.[44][45] The exhibit was subsequently on view at the Goethe Institute in New York in 2022,[46] and the ADI Design Museum in Milan in 2023.[47][48]

Gallery of works

  • Braun SK 61 radiogram, 1956
    Braun SK 61 radiogram, 1956
  • Braun Transistor 1 radio, 1957
    Braun Transistor 1 radio, 1957
  • Braun TP1 portable transistor radio and phonograph, 1959
    Braun TP 1 portable transistor radio and phonograph, 1959[49]
  • Braun LE 1 speaker, 1959
    Braun LE 1 speaker, 1959
  • Vitsœ Model 601 lounge chair, 1960
    Vitsœ Model 601 lounge chair, 1960
  • Vitsœ 606 Universal Shelving System, 1960
    Vitsœ 606 Universal Shelving System, 1960
  • Vitsœ 620 Chair Programme, 1962
    Vitsœ 620 Chair Programme, 1962
  • Braun tone arm scale, 1962
    Braun tone arm scale, 1962
  • Braun TS 45, TG 60, L 450, 1964–1965
    Braun TS 45, TG 60, L 450, 1964–1965
  • Braun T 1000 [de] CD, 1968
    Braun T 1000 [de] CD, 1968
  • Braun audio 310, early 1970s[50]
    Braun audio 310, early 1970s[50]
  • Braun Regie 510 stereo receiver, 1972
    Braun Regie 510 stereo receiver, 1972
  • Braun Atelier series, 1979 to 1991
    Braun Atelier series, 1979 to 1991
  • Braun lighter, early 1980s
    Braun lighter, early 1980s
  • Braun ABW 30, 1982
    Braun ABW 30, 1982
  • Braun ET66 calculator, 1987
    Braun ET 66 calculator, 1987

Notes

References

  1. ^ "What is "Good" Design? A quick look at Dieter Rams' Ten Principles". Design Museum. Retrieved 2022-12-05.
  2. ^ Lange, Alexandra (2018-11-28). "What We've Learned from Dieter Rams, and What We've Ignored". The New Yorker. Retrieved 2023-01-29.
  3. ^ Dziersk, Mark (2012-12-02). "In tribute to Mr. Rams". Fast Company. Retrieved 2022-12-05.
  4. ^ a b c d "Dieter Rams Biography". Vitsoe.com. Retrieved 2012-10-11.
  5. ^ "Hans Gugelot". Oxford Reference. Retrieved 2022-12-12.
  6. ^ a b Lovell, Sophie (2016-11-22). "Dieter Rams' modular designs open a world of possibilities at the Vitra Schaudepot". Wallpaper Magazine. Retrieved 2022-12-12.
  7. ^ What weve learned from Dieter Rams and what weve ignored The New Yorker 28 November 2018
  8. ^ a b c d Zuber, Anne (October 22, 2010). "Ein Mann räumt auf" [A man cleans up]. Zeit Online (www.zeit.de) (in German). Retrieved 2023-08-20.
  9. ^ "Master and commandments". Wallpaper (103). IPC Media: 321. October 2007. ISSN 1364-4475. OCLC 948263254.
  10. ^ "05 Good design is unobtrusive". Wallpaper (103). IPC Media: 331. October 2007. ISSN 1364-4475. OCLC 948263254.
  11. ^ Rams, Dieter. "606 Universal Shelving System". The Museum of Modern Art. Retrieved 2022-11-30.
  12. ^ Bentley, Daniel (16 March 2020). "The greatest designs of modern times". Fortune Magazine. Retrieved 16 March 2024.
  13. ^ Ling, Brian (2008-01-19). "Jonathan Ive, Design Genius or Something Else?". Design Sojourn. Retrieved 2022-10-08.
  14. ^ Wilson, Mark (2016-09-01). "The Irony Of Apple's War On Design Theft". Fast Company. Retrieved 2022-10-08.
  15. ^ Kosner, Anthony Wing. "Jony Ives' (No Longer So) Secret Design Weapon". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-10-08.
  16. ^ a b Lovell, Sophie; Klemp, Klaus (2021-08-12). "Looking back, and ahead". www.vitsoe.com. Retrieved 2022-11-30.
  17. ^ "Apple design and Dieter Rams". mac-history.net. Retrieved 14 April 2013.
  18. ^ "Design Classic: Dieter Rams' T3 radio". Financial Times. 2016-02-05. Retrieved 2022-11-30.
  19. ^ Dunning, Brad; Göksenin, Lili (2017-05-16). "This Massive Dieter Rams Braun Collection Is Pure Design Brilliance". GQ. Retrieved 2022-12-01.
  20. ^ "Design evolution". Braun GmbH. 2009. Retrieved 24 May 2011.
  21. ^ "The Future Of Apple Is In 1960s Braun: 1960s Braun Products Hold the Secrets to Apple's Future". gizmodo.com. Gawker Media. 14 January 2008. Retrieved 30 June 2010.
  22. ^ "Jasper Morrison, The Minimalist". jaspermorrison.com. Retrieved 2022-12-01.
  23. ^ "The Minimalist". Whitewall Magazine. February 2010.
  24. ^ "Design Icon: 10 Works by Jasper Morrison – Dwell". www.dwell.com. Retrieved 2022-12-01.
  25. ^ "What is "Good" Design? A quick look at Dieter Rams' Ten Principles". Design Museum. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
  26. ^ "Dieter Rams and the 10 principles for a good design". www.domusweb.it. Retrieved 2024-02-04.
  27. ^ "SFMOMA Presents Less and More: The Design Ethos of Dieter Rams". Sfmoma.org. Archived from the original on 2012-09-04. Retrieved 2012-08-26.
  28. ^ "The power of good design: Dieter Rams's ideology, engrained within Vitsœ". Vitsœ. Retrieved 2019-01-21.
  29. ^ "02 Good design makes a product useful". Wallpaper (103). IPC Media: 326. October 2007. ISSN 1364-4475. OCLC 948263254.
  30. ^ "Vitsœ History". Vitsoe.com. Retrieved 2012-08-26.
  31. ^ "01 Design is innovative". Wallpaper (103). IPC Media: 324–325. October 2007. ISSN 1364-4475. OCLC 948263254.
  32. ^ "Current Honorary Royal Designers for Industry, Dieter Rams, Electrical Appliances & Furniture,1968". The Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce. Retrieved 2023-02-12.
  33. ^ "BRAUN collection Clocks". PHORMA SRL. Retrieved 2023-07-16.
  34. ^ "Less and More: the design ethos of Dieter Rams in Japan". Vitsoe.com. 2008-09-15. Archived from the original on 6 April 2009. Retrieved 2010-06-30.
  35. ^ "'Less and More' at London's Design Museum". Vitsoe.com. 2009-12-04. Archived from the original on 21 November 2009. Retrieved 2010-06-30.
  36. ^ "Less and More – The Design Ethos of Dieter Rams". Designmuseum.org. 2009-11-18. Retrieved 2010-06-30.
  37. ^ "Less and More in Frankfurt". Vitsoe.com. 2010-04-19. Archived from the original on 11 May 2010. Retrieved 2010-06-30.
  38. ^ "Less and More – Das Designethos von Dieter Rams (requires Flash)". Angewandtekunst-frankfurt.de. Retrieved 2010-06-30.
  39. ^ "'Less and More': The Design Ethos of Dieter Rams". SFMoMa.com. 2011-08-27. Archived from the original on 2011-09-13. Retrieved 2011-09-04.
  40. ^ "Rams Film Update". hustwit.com. Retrieved 14 January 2019.
  41. ^ "RAMS: The First Feature Documentary About Dieter Rams". kickstarter.com. 2016-06-22. Retrieved 2016-12-06.
  42. ^ Sammicheli, Marco (12 December 2016). "Dieter Rams at the Vitra Design Museum". Abitare. Retrieved 4 March 2024.
  43. ^ "Dieter Rams. A Style Room / Museum Angewandte Kunst". www.museumangewandtekunst.de. Retrieved 2022-12-09.
  44. ^ "Interview with Prof. Dr. Klaus Klemp on the work of Dieter Rams". Stylepark. Retrieved 2022-12-13.
  45. ^ "Dieter Rams. Looking Back and Ahead / Museum Angewandte Kunst". www.museumangewandtekunst.de. Retrieved 2022-12-13.
  46. ^ "Exhibition: Dieter Rams A Look Back and Ahead – Goethe-Institut USA". Goethe Institut. Retrieved 2022-12-13.
  47. ^ Kiran Piotti, Cristina (2023-05-08). "Less but better: Dieter Rams' lessons on show at ADI Design Museum, Milan". wallpaper.com. Retrieved 2023-07-22.
  48. ^ "The works of Dieter Rams on show in Milan". www.domusweb.it. Retrieved 2023-07-22.
  49. ^ "Dieter Rams. Portable Transistor Radio and Phonograph model TP 1 (1959)". The Museum of Modern Art. Retrieved 2022-12-04.
  50. ^ "braun audio 310 classical stereo systems from the 70s by Dieter Rams". Braun Audio. 2018-01-13. Retrieved 2022-12-04.
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