S. An-sky: Difference between revisions
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==Ethnographic work== |
==Ethnographic work== |
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[[File:An-ski 1910.jpg|thumb|S. An-sky, 1910]] |
[[File:An-ski 1910.jpg|thumb|S. An-sky, 1910]] |
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Under the influence of the Russian [[narodnik]] movement, An-sky became interested in [[ethnography]], as well as socialism, and became a political activist. Between 1912 and 1913, An-sky headed an ethnographic commission, financed by Baron Vladimir Günzburg and named in honor of his father [[Horace Günzburg]], which traveled through [[Podolia]] and [[Volhynia]] in the [[Pale of Settlement]]. They documented the oral traditions and customs of the native Jews, whose culture was slowly disintegrating under the pressure of modernity. According to his assistant Samuel Schreier-Shrira, An-sky was particularly impressed by the stories he heard in [[Myropil (urban-type settlement)|Miropol]] of a local sage, the [[Rebbe|hasidic rebbe]] Samuel of Kaminka-Miropol (1778 – May 10, 1843), who was reputed to have been a master exorcist of ''[[dybbuk]]'' spirits. Samuel served as the prototype for the character Azriel, who is also said to reside in that town. |
Under the influence of the Russian [[narodnik]] movement, An-sky became interested in [[ethnography]], as well as socialism, and became a political activist. Between 1912 and 1913, An-sky headed an ethnographic commission, financed by Baron Vladimir Günzburg and named in honor of his father [[Horace Günzburg]], which traveled through [[Podolia]] and [[Volhynia]] in the [[Pale of Settlement]]. They documented the oral traditions and customs of the native Jews, whose culture was slowly disintegrating under the pressure of modernity. According to his assistant Samuel Schreier-Shrira, An-sky was particularly impressed by the stories he heard in [[Myropil (urban-type settlement)|Miropol]] of a local sage, the [[Rebbe|hasidic rebbe]] Samuel of Kaminka-Miropol (1778 – May 10, 1843), who was reputed to have been a master exorcist of ''[[dybbuk]]'' spirits. Samuel served as the prototype for the character Azriel, who is also said to reside in that town.{{sfn|Deutsch|2011|pp=47-48}} Historian [[Nathaniel Deutsch]] suggested he also drew inspiration for ''The Dybbuk'' from the [[Maiden of Ludmir]], who was also rumored to have been possessed, thus explaining her perceived inappropriate manly behavior.{{sfn|Deutsch|2003|pp=9, 15-16}} He composed a detailed ethnographic questionnaire of 2,087 questions.{{sfn|Deutsch|2011|pp=11-14}} |
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An-sky's ethnographic collections were locked away in Soviet vaults for years, but some material has come to light since the 1990s. |
An-sky's ethnographic collections were locked away in Soviet vaults for years, but some material has come to light since the 1990s.{{sfn|Avrutin|2009}} The State Ethnographic Museum at St. Petersburg holds a good deal of it.<ref name=Tracing>Tracing An-sky: Jewish Collections from the State Ethnographic Museum in St. Petersburg, Amsterdam 1992</ref> Some of his vast collection of cylinder recordings made on these expeditions have been transferred to CD as well.<ref name=Wax>Materials of J. Engel Ethnographic Expedition 1912 (The Historic Collection of Jewish Music 1912-1947, vol. 1) (Kiev: National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine; Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine; Institute for Information Recording, 2001)</ref> |
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His ethnographic report of the deliberate destruction of Jewish communities by the Russian army in the First World War, ''The Enemy at His Pleasure: A Journey Through the Jewish Pale of Settlement During World War I,'' has become a major source in the historiography of the war's impact on civilian populations. |
His ethnographic report of the deliberate destruction of Jewish communities by the Russian army in the First World War, ''The Enemy at His Pleasure: A Journey Through the Jewish Pale of Settlement During World War I,'' has become a major source in the historiography of the war's impact on civilian populations.{{sfn|Ansky|2003|p=253}} |
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==Literary career== |
==Literary career== |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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==Sources== |
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* {{cite book |last1=Rechtman |first1=Abraham |title=The lost world of Russia's Jews: ethnography and folklore in the pale of settlement |date=2021 |publisher=Indiana University Press |location=Bloomington, Indiana |isbn=9780253056948}} |
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*Shmuel Werses.S. An-ski's "Between Two Worlds' (The Dybbuk): A Textual History." in Studies in Yiddish Literature and Folklore. Jerusalem: Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 1986 |
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* {{cite book |last1=Deutsch |first1=Nathaniel |author1-link=Nathaniel Deutsch |title=The Jewish dark continent: life and death in the Russian pale of settlement |date=2011 |publisher=Harvard University Press |location=Cambridge, Mass |isbn=978-0674047280}} |
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* Gabriella Safran and Steven Zipperstein (ed.): ''The worlds of S. An-sky. A Russian intellectual at the turn of the century.'' Stanford University Press, Stanford, Cal. 2006, {{ISBN|0-8047-5344-X}} |
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* {{cite book |title=The Worlds of S. An-sky: A Russian Jewish Intellectual at the Turn of the Century |date=2006 |publisher=Stanford University Press |isbn=978-0-8047-4527-7 |url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781503620247/html?lang=en#contents |editor1-first=Gabriella |editor1-last=Safran |editor2-first=Steven J. |editor2-last=Zipperstein |editor2-link=Steven J. Zipperstein}} |
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* Gabriella Safran, Wandering Soul: The Dybbuk's Creator, S. An-sky (Harvard University Press, 2010) |
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* {{cite book |editor1-last=Avrutin |editor1-first=Eugene M. |title=Photographing the Jewish Nation: Pictures from S. An-sky's Ethnographic Expeditions |date=2014 |publisher=Brandeis University Press |isbn=978-1-61168-683-8 |language=English}} |
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* {{cite book |editor1-last=Neugroschel |editor1-first=Joachim |editor1-link=Joachim Neugroschel |title=The Dybbuk and the Yiddish Imagination: A Haunted Reader |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=msFeBYSIJtoC&pg=PA1&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=1#v=onepage&q&f=false |access-date=16 June 2024 |language=en |publisher=Syracuse University Press |year=2000 |isbn=9780815628712}} |
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* {{cite book |last1=Caplan |first1=Debra |last2=Moss |first2=Rachel Merrill |title=The Dybbuk Century: The Jewish Play That Possessed the World |date=2023 |publisher=University of Michigan Press |isbn=978-0-472-07643-7 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3998/mpub.11522250 |access-date=19 June 2024}} |
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* {{cite book |last1=Safran |first1=Gabriella |title=Wandering Soul: The Dybbuk’s Creator, S. An-sky |date=2010 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-05570-4 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvjghv5w |access-date=19 June 2024}} |
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* {{cite book |last1=Ansky |first1=S. |editor1-last=Neugroschel |editor1-first=Joachim |editor1-link=Joachim Neugroschel |title=The Enemy at His Pleasure: A Journey Through the Jewish Pale of Settlement During World War I |date=2004 |publisher=Macmillan |isbn=978-0-8050-5945-8 |language=en}} |
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* {{cite book |last1=Deutsch |first1=Nathaniel |title=The maiden of Ludmir: a Jewish holy woman and her world |date=2003 |publisher=University of California Press |location=Berkeley |isbn=9780520231917}} |
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* [[Eleanor Mlotek|Mlotek, Eleanor G.]] '' S. Ansky : (Shloyme-Zanvl Rappoport) 1863-1920 : His Life and Works : Catalog of an Exhibition.'' [New York]: YIVO Institute for Jewish Research, 1980. OCLC 10304171 |
* [[Eleanor Mlotek|Mlotek, Eleanor G.]] '' S. Ansky : (Shloyme-Zanvl Rappoport) 1863-1920 : His Life and Works : Catalog of an Exhibition.'' [New York]: YIVO Institute for Jewish Research, 1980. OCLC 10304171 |
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* Vladislav Ivanov. S. An-sky, Evgeny Vakhtangov and The Dybbuk // The worlds of S. An-sky. A Russian Jewish Intellectual at the Turn of the Century / Ed. by Gabriella Safran and Steven J. Zipperstein. California, Stanford. Stanford University Press, 2006. P. 252–265, 480–481. |
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* S. An-sky. Between Two Worlds (The Dybbuk): Censored Variant. Introduction by Vladislav Ivanov // The worlds of S. An-sky. A Russian Jewish Intellectual at the Turn of the Century / Ed. by Gabriella Safran and Steven J. Zipperstein. California, Stanford. Stanford University Press, 2006. P. 374–436. |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
Revision as of 08:14, 19 June 2024
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S. An-sky | |
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Native name | ש. אַנ-סקי |
Born | Shloyme Zanvl Rappoport October 27, 1863 Chashniki, Russian Empire |
Died | November 8, 1920 Warsaw or Otwock, Poland | (aged 57)
Pen name | S. An-sky |
Occupation | Writer, journalist, ethnographer |
Language | Yiddish, Russian |
S. An-sky[a] (1863 – November 8, 1920), born Shloyme Zanvl Rappoport, was a Jewish author, playwright, researcher of Jewish folklore, polemicist, and cultural and political activist. He is best known for his play The Dybbuk or Between Two Worlds, written in 1914, and for Di Shvue, the anthem of the Jewish socialist Bund.
In 1917, after the Russian Revolution, he was elected to the Russian Constituent Assembly as a Social-Revolutionary deputy.[1]
Biography
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Ravnitzki_An-ski_Mocher_Sforim_Bialik_Frug.jpg/250px-Ravnitzki_An-ski_Mocher_Sforim_Bialik_Frug.jpg)
Shloyme Zanvl Rappoport was born in Chashniki, Vitebsk Governorate, Russian Empire (now Belarus), but spent his childhood in Vitebsk. He was from a poor religious family, and he had only a heder education. His mother ran a tavern. He left his home and moved to Liozno in his late-teens, and worked as a tutor; he was ostracised by his community for "disseminating radical ideas".[2]
He died of a heart attack[2] in Otwock, Poland on November 8, 1920.
Ethnographic work
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/An-ski_1910.jpg/220px-An-ski_1910.jpg)
Under the influence of the Russian narodnik movement, An-sky became interested in ethnography, as well as socialism, and became a political activist. Between 1912 and 1913, An-sky headed an ethnographic commission, financed by Baron Vladimir Günzburg and named in honor of his father Horace Günzburg, which traveled through Podolia and Volhynia in the Pale of Settlement. They documented the oral traditions and customs of the native Jews, whose culture was slowly disintegrating under the pressure of modernity. According to his assistant Samuel Schreier-Shrira, An-sky was particularly impressed by the stories he heard in Miropol of a local sage, the hasidic rebbe Samuel of Kaminka-Miropol (1778 – May 10, 1843), who was reputed to have been a master exorcist of dybbuk spirits. Samuel served as the prototype for the character Azriel, who is also said to reside in that town.[3] Historian Nathaniel Deutsch suggested he also drew inspiration for The Dybbuk from the Maiden of Ludmir, who was also rumored to have been possessed, thus explaining her perceived inappropriate manly behavior.[4] He composed a detailed ethnographic questionnaire of 2,087 questions.[5]
An-sky's ethnographic collections were locked away in Soviet vaults for years, but some material has come to light since the 1990s.[6] The State Ethnographic Museum at St. Petersburg holds a good deal of it.[7] Some of his vast collection of cylinder recordings made on these expeditions have been transferred to CD as well.[8]
His ethnographic report of the deliberate destruction of Jewish communities by the Russian army in the First World War, The Enemy at His Pleasure: A Journey Through the Jewish Pale of Settlement During World War I, has become a major source in the historiography of the war's impact on civilian populations.[9]
Literary career
Initially he wrote in Russian, but from 1904 he became known mainly as a Yiddish author.
He is best known for his play The Dybbuk or Between Two Worlds, written in 1914. The play was first staged in the Elyseum Theatre in Warsaw, on December 9, 1920, one month (at the end of the 30-day mourning period) after the author's death.[10] It was subsequently translated into a dozen or more languages and performed thousands of times all over the world. It is still being produced, along with numerous adaptations, as well as operas, ballets, and symphonic suites. (For example, in 2011 there were seven different productions.) It is considered the jewel of the Jewish theatre.[11] In the early years The Dybbuk was considered so significant that parodies of it were written and produced.[12]
Although The Dybbuk is An-sky’s best-known work, he published many works of literature, politics and ethnography. His Collected Works, which do not include all his writings, comprise fifteen volumes.[13] An-sky wrote a number of other plays, four of which are included in this collection, long out of print. One (Day and Night) is, like The Dybbuk, a Hasidic Gothic story. The other three plays have revolutionary themes, and were originally written in Russian: Father and Son, In a Conspiratorial Apartment, and The Grandfather. All four have recently been republished in a bilingual Yiddish-English edition.[14]
An-sky was also the author of the song Di Shvue (The Oath), which became the anthem of the Jewish Socialist Bund party. He was the author of the poem (later made into a song) "In Zaltsikn Yam" (In the Salty Sea), which was also dedicated to the Bund.
See also
Notes
- ^ also An-ski, Ansky, Anski
References
- ^ "S. Ansky (1863-1920)". Jewish Heritage Online Magazine. Retrieved 2009-11-04.
- ^ a b "YIVO | Rapoport, Shloyme Zaynvl". yivoencyclopedia.org. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
- ^ Deutsch 2011, pp. 47–48.
- ^ Deutsch 2003, pp. 9, 15–16.
- ^ Deutsch 2011, pp. 11–14.
- ^ Avrutin 2009.
- ^ Tracing An-sky: Jewish Collections from the State Ethnographic Museum in St. Petersburg, Amsterdam 1992
- ^ Materials of J. Engel Ethnographic Expedition 1912 (The Historic Collection of Jewish Music 1912-1947, vol. 1) (Kiev: National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine; Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine; Institute for Information Recording, 2001)
- ^ Ansky 2003, p. 253.
- ^ Zylbercweig, Zalmen (ed.). "An-ski, Sh.", in Leksikon fun Yidishn Teater (Lexicon of Yiddish Theater). Vol. 1. New York: Elisheva, 1931. col. 71-78; here: 74.
- ^ 1. Fernando Peñalosa, The Dybbuk: Text, Subtext, and Context. Tsiterboym Books, 2012.
- ^ Fernando Peñalosa, tr., Parodies of An-sky’s The Dybbuk. Bilingual Edition. Tsiterboym Books, 2012.
- ^ S. An-sky. Gezamelte Shriften. Vilna, Warsaw, New York: Wydawnistwo “AN-SKI,” 1922. Reprinted 1926 and 1929.
- ^ S. An-sky. Four Plays. Bilingual Edition, tr. Fernando Peñalosa. Tsiterboym Books, 2013.
Sources
- Rechtman, Abraham (2021). The lost world of Russia's Jews: ethnography and folklore in the pale of settlement. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. ISBN 9780253056948.
- Deutsch, Nathaniel (2011). The Jewish dark continent: life and death in the Russian pale of settlement. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0674047280.
- Safran, Gabriella; Zipperstein, Steven J., eds. (2006). The Worlds of S. An-sky: A Russian Jewish Intellectual at the Turn of the Century. Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-4527-7.
- Avrutin, Eugene M., ed. (2014). Photographing the Jewish Nation: Pictures from S. An-sky's Ethnographic Expeditions. Brandeis University Press. ISBN 978-1-61168-683-8.
- Neugroschel, Joachim, ed. (2000). The Dybbuk and the Yiddish Imagination: A Haunted Reader. Syracuse University Press. ISBN 9780815628712. Retrieved 16 June 2024.
- Caplan, Debra; Moss, Rachel Merrill (2023). The Dybbuk Century: The Jewish Play That Possessed the World. University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-07643-7. Retrieved 19 June 2024.
- Safran, Gabriella (2010). Wandering Soul: The Dybbuk’s Creator, S. An-sky. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-05570-4. Retrieved 19 June 2024.
- Ansky, S. (2004). Neugroschel, Joachim (ed.). The Enemy at His Pleasure: A Journey Through the Jewish Pale of Settlement During World War I. Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-8050-5945-8.
- Deutsch, Nathaniel (2003). The maiden of Ludmir: a Jewish holy woman and her world. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 9780520231917.
- Mlotek, Eleanor G. S. Ansky : (Shloyme-Zanvl Rappoport) 1863-1920 : His Life and Works : Catalog of an Exhibition. [New York]: YIVO Institute for Jewish Research, 1980. OCLC 10304171
External links
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- Jewish Heritage Online article on Ansky, archived from the original on 2016-01-01
- YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe
- 1863 births
- 1920 deaths
- People from Chashniki
- People from Lepelsky Uyezd
- Jews from the Russian Empire
- Belarusian Jews
- Narodniks
- Bundists
- Socialist Revolutionary Party politicians
- Russian Constituent Assembly members
- Yiddish theatre
- Yiddish-language dramatists and playwrights
- Dramatists and playwrights from the Russian Empire
- Folklorists from the Russian Empire
- Jewish folklorists
- 20th-century pseudonymous writers