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The origin of the [[Diocese]] dates back to [[695]] when [[Willibrordus|St. Willibrord]] was consecrated bishop of frisians at Rome by [[Pope Sergius I]]. With the consent of the [[Pippin of Herstal|frankish ruler]], he settled at the market-town of [[Utrecht]], which has ever since been the ecclesiastical capital of the Northern Netherlands. After Willibrord's death, in the early years, the diocese suffered greatly from the incursions of the [[frisians]], and later on of the [[normans]]. Better times appeared during the reign of [[Ottonian|Saxon emperors]], who frequently summoned the Bishops of Utrecht to attend the imperial councils and diets. In [[1024]] the bishops were made Princes of the [[Holy Roman Empire]] and the new '''prince-bishopric of Utrecht''' was formed not only the present day [[Netherlands|Dutch]] province of [[Utrecht (province)|Utrecht]], but also the provinces of [[Groningen (province)|Groningen]], [[Drenthe]], and [[Overijssel]]. In [[1122]], with the [[Concordat of Worms]], the emperor's right of investiture was annulled , and the cathedral chapter received the right to the election of his bishop. It was, however, soon obligated to share this right with the four other collegiate chapters which existed in the city. The Counts of [[Holland]] and [[Guelders|Geldern]], between whose territories the lands of the Bishops of Utrecht lay, also sought to acquire influence over the filling of the episcopal see. This often led to disputes and consequently the [[Holy See]] frequently interfered in the election, and after the middle of the fourteenth century repeatedly appointed the bishop directly without regard to the five chapters. In [[1527]], the Bishop sold his territories to [[Emperor Charles V]] and the principality became part of the [[Habsburg]] dominions; the chapters voluntarily transferred their right of electing the bishop to [[Emperor Charles V|Charles]], and [[Pope Clement VII]] gave his consent to the proceeding. In [[1559]] Utrecht was raised to the rank of an archdiocese and metropolitan see with six suffragan dioceses, but this new ecclesiastical assett had not a long existence. When the northern provinces of the Netherlands revolted, the archdiocese fell, with the overthrow of the Spanish power. According to the terms of the [[Union of Utrecht]], [[January 23]], [[1579]], the rights and privileges of the Roman Catholic religion were guaranteed, but on [[June 14]], [[1580]], the practice of that religion was forbidden by the magistrates of Utrecht, and the Cathedral of Saint Martin was taken from the archbishop and his Chapter; in truth the Government of the [[United Provinces]] was unable to control the extremists. On [[August 25]], [[1580]], Archbishop Schenk died, and two successors appointed by Spain did not receive canonical confirmation, neither could they enter their diocese. The See remained vacant until [[1602]], when the place of Archbishop was taken by the [[Apostolic vicariate|apostolic vicars]] of the [[Dutch Mission]] (Hollandse Zending), who, however, were generally driven from the country by the [[States-General]] and forced to administer their charge from abroad. These vicars were consecrated as [[Titular bishop|titular Archbishops]] in order not to offend Dutch Government, but with the condition that he might assume the real title of Archbishop of Utrecht when circumstances would permit. During the last period of the [[apostolic vicariate]] [[jansenism]] and [[gallicanism]] spread among the clergy and vicar [[Petrus Codde]] was suspended by the Pope, having been accused of being a [[Jansenism|jansenist]]. He continued as Archbishop and remained out of Communion with the Papacy. After his death the majority of the diocesan clergy continued to claim the right to elect its own bishops. The chapter, having obtained the permission of the dutch government, in [[1723]] elected [[Cornelius van Steenoven]], who was not confirmed and [[excommunicated]] by [[Pope Benedict XIII]]. This was the beginning of what would become the [[Ancient Catholic Church|Old Catholic Church]]. All the [[Ancient Catholic Church#Old Catholic Archbishops of Utrecht|Old Catholic Archbishops]] until [[1858]], notified their election to the Holy See. Nevertheless, in [[1853]] the Vatican re-established its own hierarchy in the Netherlands, unofficially called the "New Catholic Church". At present the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Utrecht, often a [[Cardinal]], is the Primate of Netherlands and the Metropolitan of a province with six suffragans.
The origin of the [[Diocese]] dates back to [[695]] when [[Willibrordus|St. Willibrord]] was consecrated bishop of frisians at Rome by [[Pope Sergius I]]. With the consent of the [[Pippin of Herstal|frankish ruler]], he settled at the market-town of [[Utrecht]], which has ever since been the ecclesiastical capital of the Northern Netherlands. After Willibrord's death, in the early years, the diocese suffered greatly from the incursions of the [[frisians]], and later on of the [[normans]]. Better times appeared during the reign of [[Ottonian|Saxon emperors]], who frequently summoned the Bishops of Utrecht to attend the imperial councils and diets. In [[1024]] the bishops were made Princes of the [[Holy Roman Empire]] and the new '''prince-bishopric of Utrecht''' was formed not only the present day [[Netherlands|Dutch]] province of [[Utrecht (province)|Utrecht]], but also the provinces of [[Groningen (province)|Groningen]], [[Drenthe]], and [[Overijssel]]. In [[1122]], with the [[Concordat of Worms]], the emperor's right of investiture was annulled , and the cathedral chapter received the right to the election of his bishop. It was, however, soon obligated to share this right with the four other collegiate chapters which existed in the city. The Counts of [[Holland]] and [[Guelders|Geldern]], between whose territories the lands of the Bishops of Utrecht lay, also sought to acquire influence over the filling of the episcopal see. This often led to disputes and consequently the [[Holy See]] frequently interfered in the election, and after the middle of the fourteenth century repeatedly appointed the bishop directly without regard to the five chapters. In [[1527]], the Bishop sold his territories to [[Emperor Charles V]] and the principality became part of the [[Habsburg]] dominions; the chapters voluntarily transferred their right of electing the bishop to [[Emperor Charles V|Charles]], and [[Pope Clement VII]] gave his consent to the proceeding. In [[1559]] Utrecht was raised to the rank of an archdiocese and metropolitan see with six suffragan dioceses, but this new ecclesiastical assett had not a long existence. When the northern provinces of the Netherlands revolted, the archdiocese fell, with the overthrow of the Spanish power. According to the terms of the [[Union of Utrecht]], [[January 23]], [[1579]], the rights and privileges of the Roman Catholic religion were guaranteed, but on [[June 14]], [[1580]], the practice of that religion was forbidden by the magistrates of Utrecht, and the Cathedral of Saint Martin was taken from the archbishop and his Chapter; in truth the Government of the [[United Provinces]] was unable to control the extremists. On [[August 25]], [[1580]], Archbishop Schenk died, and two successors appointed by Spain did not receive canonical confirmation, neither could they enter their diocese. The See remained vacant until [[1602]], when the place of Archbishop was taken by the [[Apostolic vicariate|apostolic vicars]] of the [[Dutch Mission]] (Hollandse Zending), who, however, were generally driven from the country by the [[States-General]] and forced to administer their charge from abroad. These vicars were consecrated as [[Titular bishop|titular Archbishops]] in order not to offend Dutch Government, but with the condition that he might assume the real title of Archbishop of Utrecht when circumstances would permit. During the last period of the [[apostolic vicariate]] [[jansenism]] and [[gallicanism]] spread among the clergy and vicar [[Petrus Codde]] was suspended by the Pope, having been accused of being a [[Jansenism|jansenist]]. He continued as Archbishop and remained out of Communion with the Papacy. After his death the majority of the diocesan clergy continued to claim the right to elect its own bishops. The chapter, having obtained the permission of the dutch government, in [[1723]] elected a new [[Archbishop]] who was not confirmed and [[excommunicated]] by [[Pope Benedict XIII]]. This was the beginning of what would become the [[Ancient Catholic Church|Old Catholic Church]]. All the [[Ancient Catholic Church#Old Catholic Archbishops of Utrecht|Old Catholic Archbishops]] until [[1858]], notified their election to the Holy See. Nevertheless, in [[1853]] the Vatican re-established its own hierarchy in the Netherlands, unofficially called the "New Catholic Church". At present the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Utrecht, often a [[Cardinal]], is the Primate of Netherlands and the Metropolitan of a province with six suffragans.


== Bishops ==
== Bishops ==

Revision as of 12:26, 24 May 2005

The origin of the Diocese dates back to 695 when St. Willibrord was consecrated bishop of frisians at Rome by Pope Sergius I. With the consent of the frankish ruler, he settled at the market-town of Utrecht, which has ever since been the ecclesiastical capital of the Northern Netherlands. After Willibrord's death, in the early years, the diocese suffered greatly from the incursions of the frisians, and later on of the normans. Better times appeared during the reign of Saxon emperors, who frequently summoned the Bishops of Utrecht to attend the imperial councils and diets. In 1024 the bishops were made Princes of the Holy Roman Empire and the new prince-bishopric of Utrecht was formed not only the present day Dutch province of Utrecht, but also the provinces of Groningen, Drenthe, and Overijssel. In 1122, with the Concordat of Worms, the emperor's right of investiture was annulled , and the cathedral chapter received the right to the election of his bishop. It was, however, soon obligated to share this right with the four other collegiate chapters which existed in the city. The Counts of Holland and Geldern, between whose territories the lands of the Bishops of Utrecht lay, also sought to acquire influence over the filling of the episcopal see. This often led to disputes and consequently the Holy See frequently interfered in the election, and after the middle of the fourteenth century repeatedly appointed the bishop directly without regard to the five chapters. In 1527, the Bishop sold his territories to Emperor Charles V and the principality became part of the Habsburg dominions; the chapters voluntarily transferred their right of electing the bishop to Charles, and Pope Clement VII gave his consent to the proceeding. In 1559 Utrecht was raised to the rank of an archdiocese and metropolitan see with six suffragan dioceses, but this new ecclesiastical assett had not a long existence. When the northern provinces of the Netherlands revolted, the archdiocese fell, with the overthrow of the Spanish power. According to the terms of the Union of Utrecht, January 23, 1579, the rights and privileges of the Roman Catholic religion were guaranteed, but on June 14, 1580, the practice of that religion was forbidden by the magistrates of Utrecht, and the Cathedral of Saint Martin was taken from the archbishop and his Chapter; in truth the Government of the United Provinces was unable to control the extremists. On August 25, 1580, Archbishop Schenk died, and two successors appointed by Spain did not receive canonical confirmation, neither could they enter their diocese. The See remained vacant until 1602, when the place of Archbishop was taken by the apostolic vicars of the Dutch Mission (Hollandse Zending), who, however, were generally driven from the country by the States-General and forced to administer their charge from abroad. These vicars were consecrated as titular Archbishops in order not to offend Dutch Government, but with the condition that he might assume the real title of Archbishop of Utrecht when circumstances would permit. During the last period of the apostolic vicariate jansenism and gallicanism spread among the clergy and vicar Petrus Codde was suspended by the Pope, having been accused of being a jansenist. He continued as Archbishop and remained out of Communion with the Papacy. After his death the majority of the diocesan clergy continued to claim the right to elect its own bishops. The chapter, having obtained the permission of the dutch government, in 1723 elected a new Archbishop who was not confirmed and excommunicated by Pope Benedict XIII. This was the beginning of what would become the Old Catholic Church. All the Old Catholic Archbishops until 1858, notified their election to the Holy See. Nevertheless, in 1853 the Vatican re-established its own hierarchy in the Netherlands, unofficially called the "New Catholic Church". At present the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Utrecht, often a Cardinal, is the Primate of Netherlands and the Metropolitan of a province with six suffragans.

Bishops

Archbishops in partibus

Old Catholic Archbishops

Roman Catholic Archbishops

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