Jump to content

Generation: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
m Reverted 1 edit by TreadingWater identified as vandalism to last revision by Arthur Rubin. (TW)
undid more Arthur Rubin vandalism
Line 42: Line 42:
*The [[Baby Boom Generation]] is the generation that was born during [[World War II]] to the early 50s, a time that was marked by an increase in birthrates worldwide.{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} Baby Boomers in their [[teenage]] and [[college]] years were characteristically part of the [[counterculture of the 1960s]], but later became more ideologically divided,{{Dubious|date=September 2009}} although the generation remained widely committed to keystone values such as [[gender equality]], [[racial equality]], and [[environmentalism|environmental stewardship]].<ref name="straus&howe">{{cite book | last = Strauss | first = William | last2 = Howe | first2 = Neil | title = Generations: The history of America's future, 1584 to 2069 | year = 1992 | isbn = 0-688-11912-3 | pages = 324}}</ref>
*The [[Baby Boom Generation]] is the generation that was born during [[World War II]] to the early 50s, a time that was marked by an increase in birthrates worldwide.{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} Baby Boomers in their [[teenage]] and [[college]] years were characteristically part of the [[counterculture of the 1960s]], but later became more ideologically divided,{{Dubious|date=September 2009}} although the generation remained widely committed to keystone values such as [[gender equality]], [[racial equality]], and [[environmentalism|environmental stewardship]].<ref name="straus&howe">{{cite book | last = Strauss | first = William | last2 = Howe | first2 = Neil | title = Generations: The history of America's future, 1584 to 2069 | year = 1992 | isbn = 0-688-11912-3 | pages = 324}}</ref>


*[[Generation Jones]] is the generation whose members were primarily children in the 1960s and teens in the 1970s. Among the key collective personality traits often associated with GenJonesers are practical idealism, skepticism, and resilience. The election of U.S. President Barack Obama brought significantly increased attention to this heretofore lost generation between the Boomers and Xers, as many prominent observers identified Obama as a member of Generation Jones.]].<ref>http://pundits.thehill.com/2008/10/23/why-the-%E2%80%98generation-jones%E2%80%99-vote-may-be-crucial-in-election-2008/</ref><ref>
⚫
*[[Generation X]] is the generation generally defined as those born after the [[baby boom]] ended,<ref>{{cite news | last = Shin | first = Annys | title = Non-toxic tots: Parents pay dearly for safety | work = [[The Washington Post]] | date = 2008-03-01 | url = http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/02/29/AR2008022903658_pf.html | accessdate = 2009-08-24}}</ref> extending from the early-to-mid [[1960s]] to late [[1970s]]. They associated with the pop culture of their youth in the [[1980s]] to the early [[1990s]].<ref>{{cite web | first = Diane | last = Thielfoldt | first2 = Devon | last2 = Scheef| title = Generation X and The Millennials: What you need to know about mentoring the new generations | work = Law Practice Today | date = August 2004 | url = http://www.abanet.org/lpm/lpt/articles/mgt08044.html | accessdate = 2009-08-24}}</ref> Other names used interchangeably with Generation X are ''Reagan Generation'',{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} ''13th Generation'',<ref name="straus&howe" /> and ''Baby Busters''.
http://www.newsweek.com/id/107583</ref><ref>
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/introducing-generation-jones-voters-who-hold-the-key-to-no-10-482274.html</ref><ref>http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1477344/Generation-Jones-is-given-a-name-at-last.html</ref><ref>
http://research2000.us/2006/11/01/generation-jones-could-be-key-to-06-midterm-election-results/</ref><ref>
http://www.timesfreepress.com/news/2009/jan/18/generation-jones-soon-have-its-man-washington/</ref><ref>
http://www.mlive.com/communitynewspapers/opinion/index.ssf/2009/04/generation_jones_has_good_reas.html</ref><ref>
http://www.generationjones.co.uk/gen_jones/</ref><ref>
http://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content/politics/election_2004/generation_jones_women_are_swing_voters</ref><ref>
http://www.epolitix.com/latestnews/article-detail/newsarticle/key-to-election-is-keeping-up-with-joneses/?no_cache=1</ref>

⚫
*[[Generation X]] is the generation generally defined as those born from the mid [[1960s]] to approximately the late [[1970s]]. They are associated with the pop culture of their youth in the [[1980s]] to the early [[1990s]].<ref>{{cite web | first = Diane | last = Thielfoldt | first2 = Devon | last2 = Scheef| title = Generation X and The Millennials: What you need to know about mentoring the new generations | work = Law Practice Today | date = August 2004 | url = http://www.abanet.org/lpm/lpt/articles/mgt08044.html | accessdate = 2009-08-24}}</ref> Other names used interchangeably with Generation X are ''Reagan Generation'',{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} ''13th Generation'',<ref name="straus&howe" /> and ''Baby Busters''.


*[[Generation Y]] is also known as ''Generation Next'' or the ''Millennials''.<ref>{{cite web | title = A portrait of "Generation Next": How young people view their lives, futures and politics | date = 2007-01-09 | publisher = [[Pew Research Center]] | url = http://people-press.org/report/300/ | accessdate = 2009-08-24}}</ref> Generation Y spans from the late 1970s to the early 1990s.<ref>http://www.alliancetrends.org/demographics-population.cfm?id=34</ref><ref name="theage.com.au">http://www.theage.com.au/news/Education-News/Rise-of-the-millennials/2005/05/27/1117129892594.html</ref><ref name="yawiki.org">http://yawiki.org/proc/Generation+Y</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=How Generational Theory Can Improve Teaching: Strategies for Working with the "Millennials" |journal=Currents in Teaching and Learning |date=Fall 2008 |coauthors=Leslie E. Gerber, Mike Wilson |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=29-44 |url=http://www.worcester.edu/Currents/Archives/Volume_1_Number_1/CurrentsV1N1WilsonP29.pdf |format=PDF |accessdate=2009-05-16}}</ref><ref>http://knowledge.emory.edu/article.cfm?articleid=950</ref><ref name=Tovar2007>{{cite journal |last=Tovar |first=Molly |date=August/September 2007 |title=Getting it Right: Graduate Schools Respond to the Millenial Challenge |journal=Communicator |volume=40 |issue=7 |pages=1 |url=http://www.cgsnet.org/portals/0/pdf/comm_2007_08.pdf |accessdate=2008-08-29}}</ref><ref name="Businessweek">{{cite news |url=http://www.businessweek.com/1999/99_07/b3616001.htm |title=Generation Y |last=Neuborne |first=Ellen |date=1999-02-15 |publisher=Business Week |accessdate=2009-05-17}}</ref><ref>"Sports Celebrity Influence on the Behavioral
*[[Generation Y]] is also known as ''Generation Next'' or the ''Millennials''.<ref>{{cite web | title = A portrait of "Generation Next": How young people view their lives, futures and politics | date = 2007-01-09 | publisher = [[Pew Research Center]] | url = http://people-press.org/report/300/ | accessdate = 2009-08-24}}</ref> Generation Y spans from the late 1970s to the early 1990s.<ref>http://www.alliancetrends.org/demographics-population.cfm?id=34</ref><ref name="theage.com.au">http://www.theage.com.au/news/Education-News/Rise-of-the-millennials/2005/05/27/1117129892594.html</ref><ref name="yawiki.org">http://yawiki.org/proc/Generation+Y</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=How Generational Theory Can Improve Teaching: Strategies for Working with the "Millennials" |journal=Currents in Teaching and Learning |date=Fall 2008 |coauthors=Leslie E. Gerber, Mike Wilson |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=29-44 |url=http://www.worcester.edu/Currents/Archives/Volume_1_Number_1/CurrentsV1N1WilsonP29.pdf |format=PDF |accessdate=2009-05-16}}</ref><ref>http://knowledge.emory.edu/article.cfm?articleid=950</ref><ref name=Tovar2007>{{cite journal |last=Tovar |first=Molly |date=August/September 2007 |title=Getting it Right: Graduate Schools Respond to the Millenial Challenge |journal=Communicator |volume=40 |issue=7 |pages=1 |url=http://www.cgsnet.org/portals/0/pdf/comm_2007_08.pdf |accessdate=2008-08-29}}</ref><ref name="Businessweek">{{cite news |url=http://www.businessweek.com/1999/99_07/b3616001.htm |title=Generation Y |last=Neuborne |first=Ellen |date=1999-02-15 |publisher=Business Week |accessdate=2009-05-17}}</ref><ref>"Sports Celebrity Influence on the Behavioral

Revision as of 23:18, 1 October 2009

For other uses, see Generation (disambiguation).
An infant, his mother, his maternal grandmother, and his great-grandmother. Thus there are four generations of one family in this photograph.

Generation (from the Greek γενεά genea), also known as procreation, is the act of producing offspring. In a more generic sense, it can also refer to the act of creating something inanimate such as electrical generation or cryptographic code generation.

A generation can also be a stage or degree in a succession of natural descent as a grandfather, a father, and the father's son comprise three generations. A generation can refer to stages of successive improvement in the development of a technology such as the internal combustion engine, or successive iterations of products with planned obsolescence, such as video game consoles or mobile phones.

In biology, the process by which populations of organisms pass on advantageous traits from generation to generation is known as evolution.

Familial generation

It is important to distinguish between familial and cultural generations. A familial generation is defined as the average time between a mother's first offspring and her daughter's first offspring. The generation length is 25.2 years in the United States as of 2007[1] and 27.4 years in the United Kingdom as of 2004[2].

Cultural generation

The U.S. baby boom generation is seen here as the widest bulge of the 2000 Census data.

Cultural generations are cohorts of people who were born in a certain date range and share a general cultural experience of the world.

The idea of a cultural generation, in the sense that it is used today gained currency in the late 19th century. Prior to that the concept "generation" had generally referred to family relationships, not broader social groupings. In 1863, French lexicographer Emile Littré had defined a generation as, "all men living more or less at the same time."[3]

However, as the 19th century wore on, several trends promoted a new idea of generations, of a society divided into different categories of people based on age. These trends were all related to the process of modernisation, industrialisation, or westernisation, which had been changing the face of Europe since the mid-eighteenth century. One was a change in mentality about time and social change. The increasing prevalence of enlightenment ideas encouraged the idea that society and life were changeable, and that civilisation could progress. This encouraged the equation of youth with social renewal and change. Political rhetoric in the 19th century often focused on the renewing power of youth influenced by movements such as Young Italy, Young Germany, Sturm und Drang, the German Youth Movement, and other romantic movements. By the end of the 19th century European intellectuals were disposed toward thinking of the world in generational terms, and in terms of youth rebellion and emancipation.[3]

Two important contributing factors to the change in mentality were the change in the economic structure of society. Because of the rapid social and economic change, young men particularly, were less beholden to their fathers and family authority than they had been. Greater social and economic mobility allowed them to flout their authority to a much greater extent than had traditionally been possible. Additionally, the skills and wisdom of fathers were often less valuable than they had been due to technological and social change.[3] During this time, the period of time between childhood and adulthood, usually spent at university or in military service, was also increased for many people entering white collar jobs. This category of people was very influential in spreading the ideas of youthful renewal.[3]

Another important factor was the break-down of traditional social and regional identifications. The spread of nationalism and many of the factors that created it (a national press, linguistic homogenisation, public education, suppression of local particularities) encouraged a broader sense of belonging, beyond local affiliations. People thought of themselves increasingly as part of a society, and this encouraged identification with groups beyond the local.[3]

Since then, generations have been defined in many different ways, by different people. Generational claims can often overlap and conflict. Often generational identification has a strongly political implication or connotation.

List of generations

Western world

There have been many conflicting attempts to enumerate the generations of the western world.[4] Here are a few common definitions:

  • The Silent Generation is the generation that includes those who were too young to join the service during World War II. Many had fathers who served in World War I.
  • Generation Jones is the generation whose members were primarily children in the 1960s and teens in the 1970s. Among the key collective personality traits often associated with GenJonesers are practical idealism, skepticism, and resilience. The election of U.S. President Barack Obama brought significantly increased attention to this heretofore lost generation between the Boomers and Xers, as many prominent observers identified Obama as a member of Generation Jones.]].[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]
  • Generation X is the generation generally defined as those born from the mid 1960s to approximately the late 1970s. They are associated with the pop culture of their youth in the 1980s to the early 1990s.[18] Other names used interchangeably with Generation X are Reagan Generation,[citation needed] 13th Generation,[7] and Baby Busters.

Eastern world

  • China's Generation Y is a generation of approximately 240 million people born between 1980 and 1990 in China, although characteristics of Generation Y people have also been seen in those born after 1990 but before 2000. Growing up in modern China, China’s Gen Y has been characterized by its optimism for the future, newfound excitement for consumerism and entrepreneurship and acceptance of its historic role in transforming modern China into an economic superpower.
  • In South Korea generational cohorts are often defined around the democratization of the country, with various schemes suggested, some names include the democratization generation, 386 generation[35][36] (also called June 3, 1987 Generation), that witnessed the June uprising, the April 19 generation (that struggled against the Syngman Rhee regime in 1960), the June 3, generation (that struggled against the normalization treaty with Japan in 1964), the 1969 generation (that struggled against the constitutional revision allowing three presidential terms), and shinsedae (new) generation.[36] [37][38]

See also

References

  1. ^ U.S. Census Bureau 2007, Facts for features: Mother's Day, retrieved November 30, 2007.
  2. ^ "More women have a late pregnancy", BBC News, December 17, 2004, retrieved November 30, 2007.
  3. ^ a b c d e Wohl, Robert (1979). The generation of 1914. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. pp. 203–209. ISBN 978-0-674-34466-2. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  4. ^ Glenn, Joshua (2008-04-17). "Final words on Generations X and Y". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 2009-09-02.
  5. ^ Wohl, Robert (1979). The generation of 1914. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-34466-2. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  6. ^ Hunt, Tristram (2004-06-06). "One last time they gather, the Greatest Generation". The Observer. Retrieved 2009-08-24.
  7. ^ a b Strauss, William; Howe, Neil (1992). Generations: The history of America's future, 1584 to 2069. p. 324. ISBN 0-688-11912-3.
  8. ^ http://pundits.thehill.com/2008/10/23/why-the-%E2%80%98generation-jones%E2%80%99-vote-may-be-crucial-in-election-2008/
  9. ^ http://www.newsweek.com/id/107583
  10. ^ http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/introducing-generation-jones-voters-who-hold-the-key-to-no-10-482274.html
  11. ^ http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1477344/Generation-Jones-is-given-a-name-at-last.html
  12. ^ http://research2000.us/2006/11/01/generation-jones-could-be-key-to-06-midterm-election-results/
  13. ^ http://www.timesfreepress.com/news/2009/jan/18/generation-jones-soon-have-its-man-washington/
  14. ^ http://www.mlive.com/communitynewspapers/opinion/index.ssf/2009/04/generation_jones_has_good_reas.html
  15. ^ http://www.generationjones.co.uk/gen_jones/
  16. ^ http://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content/politics/election_2004/generation_jones_women_are_swing_voters
  17. ^ http://www.epolitix.com/latestnews/article-detail/newsarticle/key-to-election-is-keeping-up-with-joneses/?no_cache=1
  18. ^ Thielfoldt, Diane; Scheef, Devon (August 2004). "Generation X and The Millennials: What you need to know about mentoring the new generations". Law Practice Today. Retrieved 2009-08-24.
  19. ^ "A portrait of "Generation Next": How young people view their lives, futures and politics". Pew Research Center. 2007-01-09. Retrieved 2009-08-24.
  20. ^ http://www.alliancetrends.org/demographics-population.cfm?id=34
  21. ^ http://www.theage.com.au/news/Education-News/Rise-of-the-millennials/2005/05/27/1117129892594.html
  22. ^ http://yawiki.org/proc/Generation+Y
  23. ^ "How Generational Theory Can Improve Teaching: Strategies for Working with the "Millennials"" (PDF). Currents in Teaching and Learning. 1 (1): 29–44. Fall 2008. Retrieved 2009-05-16. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  24. ^ http://knowledge.emory.edu/article.cfm?articleid=950
  25. ^ Tovar, Molly (August/September 2007). "Getting it Right: Graduate Schools Respond to the Millenial Challenge" (PDF). Communicator. 40 (7): 1. Retrieved 2008-08-29. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  26. ^ Neuborne, Ellen (1999-02-15). "Generation Y". Business Week. Retrieved 2009-05-17.
  27. ^ "Sports Celebrity Influence on the Behavioral Intentions of Generation Y" Alan Bush, Craig Martin, Victoria Bush. JOURNAL OF ADVERTISING RESEARCH March 2004. http://journals.cambridge.org/download.php?file=%2FJAR%2FJAR44_01%2FS0021849904040206a.pdf&code=e8f4ae95a930af319ea5e022a6df2e32
  28. ^ Generation Y: They've arrived at work with a new attitude. USA Today. 11/6/2005. http://www.usatoday.com/money/workplace/2005-11-06-gen-y_x.htm
  29. ^ Attracting the twentysomething worker. CNNMoney.com. May 15, 2007. http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2007/05/28/100033934/
  30. ^ Y us? Gen Y feels economic pinch. The Age. Nicola Smith. September 29, 2008. http://www.theage.com.au/national/y-us-gen-y-feels-economic-pinch-20080929-4q5w.html
  31. ^ http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/19/business/media/19mtv.html?_r=1
  32. ^ Taspcott, Don (2008). Grown Up Digital: How the Net Generation is Changing Your World. McGraw-Hill. pp. 15–16. ISBN 978-0071508636.
  33. ^ Walliker, Annalise (2008-02-25). "Generation Z comes of age". Herald Sun. Retrieved 2009-04-27.
  34. ^ Schmidt, Lucinda; Hawkins, Peter (2008-07-15). "Children of the tech revolution". Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 2009-08-24.
  35. ^ http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/special/2008/04/180_18529.html
  36. ^ a b http://www.eastwestcenter.org/news-center/east-west-wire/shinsedae-conservative-attitudes-of-a-new-generation-in-south-korea-and-the-impact-on-the-korean-presidential-election/
  37. ^ http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/NEWKHSITE/data/html_dir/2009/08/26/200908260078.asp
  38. ^ www.ekoreajournal.net/upload/pdf/PDF4033M
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Generation&oldid=317373878"