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Coordinates: 56°2′31.2″N 12°36′7″E / 56.042000°N 12.60194°E / 56.042000; 12.60194
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m moved Marienlyst Palace to Marienlyst Castle over redirect: Not owned by sovereign so not a palace (revert move)
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{{Infobox Historic building
{{infobox building
|image=Helsingoer Schloss Marienlyst.jpg
| building_name = Marienlyst Castle
| native_building_name= Marienlyst Slot
|caption=
| image = Helsingoer Schloss Marienlyst.jpg
|name= Marienlyst Palace
| alt =
|location_town=[[Helsingør]]
| caption = Main façade of Marienlyst Castle
|location_country=[[Denmark]]
| street-address = Marienlyst Allé 32
|architect=[[Nicolas-Henri Jardin]]
| former_names = Lundhave Pavilion
|client=[[Frederick V of Denmark|Frederick V]] through [[Adam Gottlob Moltke|A. G. Moltke]]
| alternate_names =
|engineer=
| map_type =
|construction_start_date=
| map_alt =
|completion_date=1763<br />1588 (earlier palace)
| map_caption =
|date_demolished=
| building_type =
|cost=
| architectural_style = [[Neoclassical architecture|Neoclassicism]] and [[Louis XVI of France|Louis XVI]]
|structural_system=
| structural_system =
|style=[[Neoclassical architecture|neoclassicism]]/[[Louis XVI of France|Louis XVI]]
| cost =
| location = [[Helsingør]], [[Denmark]]
| client = King [[Frederick II of Denmark]]
| owner = Helsingør Municipality Museums
| current_tenants =
| landlord =
| coordinates = {{coord|56|2|31.2|N|12|36|7|E|type:landmark_region:DK|display=inline,title}}
| altitude =
| start_date = 1587
| completion_date = 1588
| inauguration_date =
| demolition_date =
| height =
| diameter =
| other_dimensions =
| floor_count =
| floor_area =
| main_contractor =
| architect = [[Hans_van_Steenwinckel_the_Elder|Hans van Steenwinckel]]<br />[[Nicolas-Henri Jardin]] (current building)
| structural_engineer =
| services_engineer =
| civil_engineer =
| other_designers =
| quantity_surveyor =
| awards =
| references =
}}
}}

'''Marienlyst Palace''' is located in [[Helsingør]], [[Denmark]]. The building formerly served as a royal [[pavilion]], but has since [[1930]], been part of Helsingør Municipality Museums.<ref name="Helsingør Leksikon">{{cite web|url= http://www.helsingorleksikon.dk/index.php?title=Marienlyst_Slot&diff=5162&oldid=5161|title=Marienlyst Slot|last=Müllers|first=W.A. |publisher=Helsingør Leksikon|language=Danish|accessdate=2009-11-17}}</ref>
'''Marienlyst Castle''' is located in [[Helsingør]], [[Denmark]], and was named after [[King]] [[Frederik V of Denmark|Frederik V of Denmark's]] second wife, [[Juliana_Maria_of_Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|Juliana Maria]] the [[Queen consort]] of Denmark and [[Norway]]. The building formerly served as a [[royal]] [[pavilion]] of [[Kronborg Castle]] and was mostly used as a pleasure and hunting palace, but was also used by the [[Director-general]] of the [[Øresund]] Customs House, [[Colonel]] [[Adam Gottlob von Krogh]] and his wife Magdalene, between 1796 and 1847.

[[Hans_van_Steenwinckel_the_Elder|Hans van Steenwinckel]] the royal [[architect]], designed and built the original pavilion and [[parterre]] garden in 1587, for King [[Frederick II of Denmark]]. The royal estate was then purchased in 1758 by [[Count]] [[Adam Gottlob Moltke]], who completely changed the original pavilion and garden with the help of [[French]] [[architect]] [[Nicolas-Henri Jardin]] between 1759 and 1763. The additions led to its present day [[architectural structure]] and [[façade]]. Jardin also redesigned the original parterre gardens, changing them to a larger, more modern [[Garden à la française|garden à la française]] design, with symmetrical [[hedges]], avenues, [[fountains]] and mirror ponds. Within the castle wall boundaries, these elegant garden grounds remain to a large extent intact, but outside, much of the garden has been lost, including the most renowned romantic landscape garden in Denmark, designed by [[Johan Ludvig Mansa]] in the 1790’s. This was mostly due to the sale of much of the original property, by the Helsingør municipality, who had purchased the entire Marienlyst estate at [[auction]] in 1851. One of the lot purchasers being J.S. Nathanson, who in 1859 built Hotel Marienlyst, the first luxury hotel in Helsingør, named after the castle.

Between 1919 and 1921, local Helsingør gardener [[Gudmund Nyeland Brandt]], removed the last remnants of the romantic gardens, replacing it, with an 18<sup>th</sup> century garden design to match the castle's [[classical architecture]]. For the most part it is these gardens you will see today when visiting the castle, which have been part of Helsingør Municipality Museums since 1930.


==Saint Anne Convent==
==Saint Anne Convent==


In medieval times there was a chapel dedicated to Saint Anne in the area, which probably belonged the Helsingør St. Anna Gilde. In 1438 the chapel was given to it in 1419 where they built a monastery dedicated to St. Anna. Nothing remains of the monastery except the street name, Saint Anne Street in Helsingør. The monastery went to the crown during the [[Reformation in Denmark|Reformation of 1536]]. The old monastery was probably part of the royal courtyard, called Lundegaard, where an old stone house existed in 1576.
In [[Middle Ages|medieval times]] there was a [[chapel]] dedicated to Saint Anne in the area, which probably belonged to the St. Anna Guild in Helsingør. In 1438 the chapel was given to a community of [[Franciscan]] friars which had been founded in 1419, who then converted the chapel into a [[monastery]] dedicated to [[Saint Anne]]. Nothing remains of the monastery except the street name, Sankt Anna Gade in Helsingør. The monastery was confiscated by the crown during the [[Reformation in Denmark|Reformation of 1536]]. The former monastery was probably part of the royal property on the grounds, called Lundegaard, where an old stone house is known to have existed in 1576. <ref name="Danish Wikipedia">{{cite web|url=http://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marienlyst_Slot|title=Marienlyst Slot|publisher=Danish Wikipedia|language=Danish|accessdate=02 December 2009}}</ref>


==Frederick II's Lundsound Garden==
== Frederick II's Pavilion and Garden==


King Frederik II created by the construction of Kronborg Castle, both the premier royal residence in Scandinavia, but also a strong fortress for guarding Lund Sound and the charging of [[Sound Dues]] for passing ships. During the Renaissance, Denmark got the taste for grand gardens, but because Kronborg was surrounded by high walls and bastions, they could not create a splendid garden in the immediate vicinity. Therefore they chose a old monastery north of the yard as the location for the facility. The place was named Lundsound Garden after the royal estate.
During the 1420s, King [[Eric of Pomerania]] created [[Kronborg|Kronborg Castle]], the castle immortalized in Shakespeare's play, ''[[Hamlet]]''. It was built like a strong fortress for guarding [[øresund|Øresund]] and ensuring payment of [[Sound Dues|sound dues]] which were enforced by the immediate firing of all [[cannons]] on any [[ship]] that refused to pay. It was very effective and collected two thirds of crown revenues. By the late [[Renaissance]], tastes had changed and Kronborg's high walls and [[bastions]] made it imposable to have a grand [[Italian_Renaissance_garden|renaissance garden]], so an old monastery north of the yard was chosen as the location and named Lundhave after the royal estate. <ref name="Danish Wikipedia"/>


In 1587, [[Hans_van_Steenwinckel_the_Elder|Hans van Steenwinckel]] the royal [[architect]] built a [[parterre]] garden and a [[Pavilion_(structure)|pavilion]] for King [[Frederick II of Denmark]]. <ref name="DSDE Steenwinckel">{{cite web|url=http://www.denstoredanske.dk/Kunst_og_kultur/Arkitektur/Ren%C3%A6ssance/Hans,_d.%C3%A6._van_Steenwinckel|title=Hans van Steenwinckel|date=2009|publisher=Den Store Danske Encyklopædi|language=Danish|accessdate=29 November 2009|location=Copenhagen}}</ref><ref name="Appel">{{cite web|url=http://nationalparker.skovognatur.dk/NR/rdonlyres/E8EF4DF0-31E0-4496-AA88-4190052E8BC7/0/HolboHerred.pdf|title=Nationalpark Kongernes Nordsjælland, Kulturhistorisk undersøgelse|last=Appel|first=Liv |date=2005|publisher=Holbo Herreds Kulturhistoriske Centre, Gilleleje Museum|language=Danish|accessdate=30 November 2009|location=Gilleleje, Denmark}}</ref> It was a three story building, in the northern Italian [[Renaissance_architecture|renaissance style]]. <ref name="Øresundstid">{{cite web|url=http://www.oresundstid.dk/arkiv/arkivalt.aspx?id=7,756,598,600,757,606,608,609,632,610,611,612,953,613,614,615,616,617,619,1186&tekst=1500-tallet&standard=J|title=1500-tallet|date=2008|publisher=Øresundstid|accessdate=29 November 2009}}</ref> The first floor had an armory, that also stored equipment for [[equestrian]] competitions, one of the so-called [[noble]] disciplines, which also included [[fencing]] and [[dance]]. This was taught to all nobles at the time through the [[knight academy|knight academies]]. <ref name="Nielsen">{{cite web|url=http://www.thm.dk/publ/ksn/ksn1_1.htm|title=Christian V, Konge og sportsmand|last=Nielsen|first=Kay Søren |date=2000|publisher=Tøjhusmuseet - The Royal Danish Arsenal Museum|language=Danish|accessdate=01 December 2009|location=Copenhagen }}</ref> The second floor was were the Queen Consort, [[Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow]] had her rooms and the top floor was for the king. Sadly, he would only have a short time to enjoy his newly built pavilion and garden, as he died in 1588, barely a year after construction was completed. His son King [[Christian IV of Denmark]], would however get to use it throughout his [[reign]], coming their often and spending large sums of money improving the garden and planting rare trees. He would also keep many [[pheasants]] and other [[Game bird|game birds]] on the estate, for hunting. <ref name="Danish Wikipedia"/>
In the year 1587, Frederik II built a pavilion in his garden. It is not known who the architect was, but it is assumed that the royal architect Hans van Steenwinckel drew the house. Garden Grove was a three story building, in the northern Italian renaissance style. The first floor was an armory, where they stored equipment to hold equestrian competitions. Then the second floor was were the Queen had her rooms, and the top floor was reserved for the king.


==Lund Garden in the 1600's==
== Lundhave from the 1650s to 1750s ==


King [[Frederik III of Denmark]] took over the royal estate in 1648 after the death of his father and seems not to have been very interested in the pavilion but did have the new [[gardener]] simplify and restructure the garden by planting a [[fruit]] and [[vegetable garden]]. Ten years later, the [[Dano-Swedish_War_(1658–1660)|1658 war with Sweden]] took its toll on the pavilion, but fortunately the garden did not suffer too much damage. It remained mostly unused till the end of Frederik III's reign in 1670. <ref name="Danish Wikipedia"/> A depiction of the pavilion and gardens can be seen in [[Peder Hansen Resen|Peder Resen's]] ''Atlas Danicus'' dated 1660 and published in 1677. In the drawings he calls the pavilion and garden, ''Kongenshafve'' (The King's Garden). <ref name="Resen Atlas">{{cite web|url=http://www2.kb.dk/kb/dept/nbo/kob/resen/en.forside.htm|title=Copperplates from Resens ATLAS DANICUS 1677|last=Resen|first=Peder Hansen |date=1677|publisher=Det kongelige Bibliotek, Department of Maps, Prints & Photographs|pages=31-32|language=Danish|accessdate=04 December 2009|location=Copenhagen}}</ref>
Frederik II received only brief joy of his dwelling, when he died years after construction. Son Christian IV came here very often, and he sacrificed much money on equipping the garden with rare trees, ornamental garden with hedges of box tree, cages with pheasants and chickens mm Swedish Wars 1658 - 60 was pretty tough out over the buildings, while the garden did not suffer greater harm. Frederik III seems not to have interested himself up on the spot. He let the new gardener simplify and restructure to bring the plant to fruit and vegetable garden. The building was first renovated by Christian V in 1680 - 81 by master builder Hans van Steenwinckel the youngest. Apart from some minor cosmetic changes and the configuration of C5 King's monogram and the year 1681, the building still stood by Frederick II had created it. Christian V came here quite often, when his hunting trips in North Zealand led him over. Son Frederick IV main house was renovated again in 1716 - 17, but after his marriage to Anne Sophie Reventlow royal family came here no more. Frederick V elected in 1747 to lease Lund Garden for four years for a lieutenant Burghof, and in 1751 sold the property to John G. Putsch, who was a citizen of Helsingør. He sold the subsequent seven years later to the king's good friend, the Lord Chamberlain, Count Adam Gottlob Moltke to Bregentved.


It would be King [[Christian V of Denmark]] who would once again bring life to the pavilion, often coming to [[hunt]] and relax in the gardens. He would also be the first to give it a complete [[renovation]]. This was done between 1680 and 1681 by [[Hans van Steenwinckel|Hans van Steenwinckel Jr.]] to repair the damage that had been caused by general aging over the last century and the recent war with Sweden. Steenwinckel Jr. kept to his fathers original drawings and made only a few minor cosmetic changes, like the addition of Christian V's [[monogram]] and the year 1681.
==Count Moltke==


From 1699 till 1723 the pavilion would be owned by [[Frederick IV of Denmark]] who would renovate it between 1716 and 1717. The king would not return after his marriage to [[Anne Sophie Reventlow]] on April 4, 1721. [[Frederick V of Denmark]] decided in 1747 to lease Lundhave for four years, to Lieutenant Burghof, and then in 1751 sold the property to Johannes G. Putscher, a citizen of Helsingør.
In 1758 Count Moltke purchases Lund Garden but though the count formally ownes Lund Garden, it is quite probable that this happens on Frederik V's behalf. In 1760 the deed was issued to the King, but kept secret until his death in 1766, when his widow, Queen Juliana Maria takes over. From 1758 - 1766 Moltke completely changes the garden between 1759 - 63 he expands Frederik II's pavilion with the help of French architect Nicolas-Henri Jardin.


== Frederik V's pleasure palace ==
As Marienlyst looks today is the result of Jardins major refurbishment. His job was right bottom. He was to preserve the old building as a centrist in the new pleasure palace. Jardin opted to extend the old Lund garden with side lots at the same height and depth, but pulled back a little so that the original building pops up a subject in relation to the other building. The ancient loggias preserved, but inserted windows in the middle storey. The building was tied together with the strong, rotating the main cornice, which is crowned by a balustrade around the flat roof. The building's exterior decor with horizontal bands on the polished floor, and medallions and festive tions over the windows and arcades in the middle floor emphasizes the classical architecture that Jardin was the first to introduce in Denmark. In the single are a number of prestigious Louis XVI-interiors, where artists like painter Carl Gustaf Pilo, decorators JC Lillie, sculptor SC Stanley and JE Mandelberg has contributed to the decoration.


[[Lord Chamberlain]], Count [[Adam Gottlob Moltke]] purchased Lundhave In 1758, but it is believed the purchase was done on Frederik V's behalf, as the [[deed]] was issued to the king in 1760, and kept secret until his death in 1766. During these years, Count Moltke completely changed Frederik II's pavilion with the help of [[French]] architect [[Nicolas-Henri Jardin]], whose additions led too its present day [[architectural structure]] and [[façade]]. <ref name="Helsingør Leksikon">{{cite web|url= http://www.helsingorleksikon.dk/index.php/Marienlyst_Slot|title=Marienlyst Slot|last=|first=|publisher=Helsingør Leksikon|language=Danish|accessdate=2009-11-17}}</ref>
All these works were then in the king's behalf, and after the 5th Frederick 's death took dowager Juliane Marie took over the palace in 1767, after which it was renamed after her - Marienlyst. She kept it until his death in 1796, after which a transition was talk of Crown Prince Frederik had to take home here. Instead, however, it became a residence for the director of the Sound Customs House, Chamberlain, [[Adam Gottlob von Krogh]]. He died in 1839, but his widow had, however, housing here until his death in 1847. The house belonged to the king However, private and not released to the State by the Basic Law adopted in 1849. It worked, however shortly, for already in 1851 sold the castle and the Committee for LAND Helsingør municipality of 32,000 dollars. The municipality parceled out most of the land, and the castle was rented for use by the nearby Marienlyst Resorts and Waterpark, which decorated the castle to the hotel. The connection to the health spa closed in 1896 and in 1904 the castle was rented for accommodation for three families. In 1930 set the Town Museum in the basement, and in 1940 the whole building was taken over by the museum. After a thorough restoration in 1953 by architect Volmars Drosted got Marienlyst status as representation offices of Elsinore City Council. In 1990 became manager dwelling in the ground floor northern part restored to be part of the museum's exhibition area.


Jardin's initial instructions were to [[Historic preservation|preserve]] the original pavilion, but he decided to create new extensions on either side of the original building, thus creating a palace.<ref name="Hamlet's garden">{{cite journal|last=Madsen|first=Lars Bjørn|date=2007|title=A walk in Hamlet's garden|journal=Helsingør Kommunes Museer|publisher=Helsingør Kommunes Museer|location=Helsingør, Denmark|language=Danish|url=http://www.landsvig.dk/hkm/pdf/HamletsGarden.pdf|accessdate=December 4, 2009}}</ref> They would be of the same height and depth but pulled back a little so as to allow the original pavilion to stand out in relation to the new additions. The original lines were preserved and the entire building was brought together visually by a strong rotating main [[cornice]], which is crowned by a [[balustrade]] around the flat roof. The buildings exterior also had horizontal bands of polished stone, medallions, festive tions over the windows and arcades on the second floor, that emphasize the classical architecture that Jardin had introduced to Denmark. The [[interior decoration]] had a number of prestigious Louis XVI-interiors created by artists like painter [[Carl Gustaf Pilo]], decorators [[Joseph Christian Lillie]], [[Johan Edvard Mandelberg]] and sculptor [[Simon Carl Stanley]]. The parterre gardens were changed to a larger [[Garden à la française|garden à la française]] design, with symmetrical hedges, avenues, boxwood hedges, fountains and mirror ponds. <ref name="Appel"/>
By the late 1700s it was part of the change to the romantic style. Throughout the 1800s there was still more changes, and Jardins plans eventually completely disappeared. In 1919-21 the park was converted to its present appearance under the leadership of local gardener GN Brandt. There was not a reconstruction of the Jardins gardens, but we aim to give the garden in 1700-century character, so it was appropriate for the castle's classical touch. The wall around the garden comes from Christian IV's time, but only a few lots are original. The western and northern part of the wall on top of coastal cliffs were demolished in 2008.


King Frederik V only had a few years to enjoy their work as he died in 1766 after which Queen [[Juliana_Maria_of_Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|Juliana Maria]] took possession of the castle. It was then named Marienlyst (Mary's Delight) in her honor and in the 1790's she had a romantic garden laid out with winding paths, folleys, including tumuli, [[hermit]] [[cottages]] and a medieval style [[Gothic]] tower. <ref name="Jonge">{{cite web|url=http://www.dbc3.dk/_dbc3%20pdf/proposal%2001%2004.pdf|title=Kongeriget Danmarks chrorografiske Beskrivelse|last=Jonge|first=Nicolay |date=1777 |publisher=Johan Rudolph Thieles Bogtrykkerie|page=87|language=Danish|accessdate=04 December 2009|location=Copenhagen}}</ref><ref name="Feldborg">{{cite book|last=Feldborg|first=Andreas Andersen |title=Denmark Delineated; or, sketches of the present state of that country|publisher=Oliver and Boyd, and D. Lizars|location=Edenburgh|date=1824|edition=2|pages=384|url=http://www.archive.org/stream/denmarkdelineat00feldgoog#page/n75/mode/1up/search/Marienlyst|accessdate=December 7, 2009}}</ref> She would use the castle often until her death in 1796.
==Marienlyst today==


During the transition period after her death, their was talk of [[Crown Prince]] [[Frederick_VI_of_Denmark|Frederik]] taking residence here but it never happened and instead, it became the residence of the [[Director-general]] of [[øresund|Øresund]] Customs House, Colonel [[Adam Gottlob von Krogh]] and his wife Magdalene, between 1796 and 1847. <ref name="Feldborg"/><ref name="Wad">{{cite book|last=Wad |first=Gustav Ludvig|title=Personalhistorisk tidsskrift|publisher=Samfundet for dansk-norsk genealogi og personalhistorie|location=Copenhagen|date=1883|volume=5|page=143|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=w-xAAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q=&f=false|accessdate=November 23, 2009|language=Danish}}</ref> He built a small thatched half-timbered house, and Krogh's garden in a little grove on the property in 1800. The building is no longer visible but, parts of the small stone fence around the garden can still be seen. Close by to the garden is Magdalene’s Hill where von Krogh set up a monument in the 1830’s honoring his wife. <ref name="Hamlet's garden"/> He died in 1839, but his widow remained in residence until her death in 1847.
Marienlyst Castle is operated today as a branch of the Elsinore Municipality Museums. The castle has a permanent exhibition of paintings and Elsinore-silver from the 18th and 19th century, but in addition there over the years organized temporary exhibitions, mainly of art-historical nature. Of painting exhibitions include 'William Petersen - a forgotten golden age of painting' and 'Marine painter CF Sorensen. Within the Danish handicraft exhibitions have been shown 'The Danish brooch', 'The ceramic jug' and 'Beast of Law.

[[Andreas Andersen Feldborg]] wrote in his 1824 book ''Denmark Delineated'' about the romantic gardens saying, ''Hamlet's garden is the favorite [[promenade]] of the inhabitants of Elsinore (Helsingør). It is generally filled with groups of elegant females and lovely children, whose manners and appearance bear pleasing testimony to the state of society in this part of his Danish Majesty's dominions.'' <ref name="Feldborg"/> Just two years later a young [[Hans Christian Andersen]] also writes about Marienlyst, during a class outing whilst at [[grammar school]] in Helsingør. It is worth noting that his youthful excitement, shows that he had yet to travel abroad much: ''Yesterday I was with Meisling in Marienlyst; oh, it's one of the finest I've seen! Where Sea and the whole countryside is lovely. Meisling says that the whole coast here is similar to that of Naples; the glorious hills are there in the garden, everything seems like Switzerland, and I felt so unspeakably happy, oh, one must become a poet or artist to see the beautiful nature. O Benefactor, Thanks! Thank you! for every happy moment! Life is Wonderful!'' <ref name="19th century">{{cite web|url=http://www.oresundstid.dk/arkiv/arkivalt.aspx?id=8,661,764,767,765,766,663,664,665,666,667,1158,669,794,668,1157,1156,670,918,672,673,674,676,677,678,679,680,1192&tekst=1800-tallet&standard=J|title=Summary of the 19th century|date=2008|publisher=Øresundstid|accessdate=11 December 2009|location=Øresund, Denmark}}</ref>

==Sold to Helsingør municipality==

The entire property was offered for sale at public auction by King [[Frederick VII of Denmark]] in 1851. The Helsingør municipality purchesed it for 32,000 Rigsbankdaleren, who parceled out most of the land, and then rented out the castle to J.S. Nathanson and his nearby Marienlyst Resorts and Waterpark (Marienlyst Kurog Søbad), which renovated the castle into part of the resort. The connection to the health spa closed in 1896 and in 1904 the castle was rented for accommodation for three families.

The park was converted to its present appearance between 1919 and 1921 under the leadership of local gardener [[Gudmund Nyeland Brandt]]. It would not be a reconstruction of the Jardins gardens but instead a reinterpretation of 17<sup>th</sup> century neoclassical style, appropriate with castle's classical design.

In 1930 the Town Museum moved into the basement, and in 1940 the whole building was taken over by the museum. After a thorough restoration in 1953 by architect [[Volmars Drosted]], Marienlyst became offices for Helsingør City Council.

Marienlyst Castle is operated today as a branch of the Helsingør Municipality Museums. The castle has a permanent exhibition of paintings and Helsingør-silver from the 18th and 19th century. They have over the years also organized temporary exhibitions, mainly exhibitions of a art-historical nature. The painting exhibitions include William Petersen's ''a forgotten golden age of painting'' and marine painter [[Carl Frederick Sørensen]].<ref name="Sørensen">{{cite web|url=http://www.bruun-rasmussen.dk/search.do?pg=1&iid=300285762&lang=en&mode=detail|title=Numerous sailing ships in stormy weather off the coast of Vingö, Sweden.|last=Sørensen|first=Carl Frederick |date=July 17, 1760|accessdate=30 November 2009}}</ref> Within the Danish handicraft exhibitions have been shown ''The Danish brooch'', ''The ceramic jug'' and ''Beast of Law''.


==Marienlyst Castle==
==Marienlyst Castle==


*(1438-1536) [[Skt. Anna Kloster]]
*(1438-1536) [[St. Anna Abbey]]
*(1536-1751) The Crown Estates
*(1536-1751) The Crown Estates
*(1751-1758) [[Johannes G. Putscher]]
*(1751-1758) [[Johannes G. Putscher]]
Line 54: Line 97:
*(1766-1767) The Crown Estates
*(1766-1767) The Crown Estates
*(1767-1796) Queen Dowager [[Juliana Maria of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel|Juliane Marie]]
*(1767-1796) Queen Dowager [[Juliana Maria of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel|Juliane Marie]]
*(1796-1839) [[Frederick VII of Denmark]]
*(1796-1839) [[ Frederick VII of Denmark]]
*(1839-1848) [[Adam Gottlob von Krogh]]
*(1796-1848) [[Adam Gottlob von Krogh]]
*(1848-1850) [[Christian VIII of Denmark]]
*(1848-1850) [[Christian VIII of Denmark]]
*(1850-1851) Committee for the formation of an Invalid Hotel
*(1850-1851) Committee for the formation of an Invalid Hotel
*(1851-) Helsingør Municipality
*(1851-) Helsingør Municipality


== References ==
== Notes ==


{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


== Sources ==
== Sources ==

=== Books ===

{{cite book|last=Wad |first=Gustav Ludvig|title=Personalhistorisk tidsskrift|publisher=Samfundet for dansk-norsk genealogi og personalhistorie|location=Copenhagen|date=1883|volume=5|page=143|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=w-xAAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q=&f=false|accessdate=November 23, 2009|language=Danish}}

{{cite book|last=Faye |first=Jan|coauthors=Hannes Stephensen|title=Marienlyst Slot : det kongelige lystanlæg ved Helsingør|publisher=Christian Ejlers|location=Copenhagen|date=1988|pages=317|isbn=9788772415802|language=Danish}}

{{cite book|url=http://www2.kb.dk/kb/dept/nbo/kob/resen/en.forside.htm|title=Resen's ATLAS DANICUS 1677|last=Resen|first=Peder Hansen |date=1677|publisher=Det kongelige Bibliotek, Department of Maps, Prints & Photographs|pages=31-32|language=Danish|accessdate=04 December 2009|location=Copenhagen}}

{{cite book|last=Feldborg|first=Andreas Andersen |title=Denmark Delineated; or, sketches of the present state of that country|publisher=Oliver and Boyd, and D. Lizars|location=Edenburgh|date=1824|edition=2|pages=384|url=http://www.archive.org/stream/denmarkdelineat00feldgoog#page/n75/mode/1up/search/Marienlyst|accessdate=December 7, 2009}}

=== Journal ===

{{cite web|url=http://nationalparker.skovognatur.dk/NR/rdonlyres/E8EF4DF0-31E0-4496-AA88-4190052E8BC7/0/HolboHerred.pdf|title=Nationalpark Kongernes Nordsjælland, Kulturhistorisk undersøgelse|last=Appel|first=Liv |date=2005|publisher=Holbo Herreds Kulturhistoriske Centre, Gilleleje Museum|language=Danish|accessdate=30 November 2009|location=Gilleleje, Denmark}}

=== Online ===
=== Online ===


{{cite web|url= http://www.helsingorleksikon.dk/index.php?title=Marienlyst_Slot&diff=5162&oldid=5161|title=Marienlyst Slot|last=Müllers|first=W.A. |publisher=Helsingør Leksikon|language=Danish|accessdate=2009-11-17}}
{{cite web|url=http://www.oresundstid.dk/arkiv/arkivalt.aspx?id=7,756,598,600,757,606,608,609,632,610,611,612,953,613,614,615,616,617,619,1186&tekst=1500-tallet&standard=J|title=1500-tallet|date=2008|publisher=Øresundstid|accessdate=29 November 2009}}

{{cite web|url=http://www.helsingorleksikon.dk/index.php/Marienlyst_Slot|title=Marienlyst Slot|last=|first=|publisher=Helsingør Leksikon|language=Danish|accessdate=17 November 2009}}

{{cite news|url=http://www.toldkammeret.dk%2Fdata%2Farchive%2Ffiles%2Ftinatramp_09.pdf|title=25 millioner kickstarter renovering af Marienlyst|date=TIRSDAG 5. MAJ 2009|work=HELSINGØR|publisher=Sjaellandske media|language=Danish|accessdate= 23 November 2009|location=Helsingør, Denmark}}

{{cite news|url=http://www.dr.dk/Regioner/Kbh/Nyheder/Helsingoer/2009/11/07/061817.htm|title=Staten siger nej til Marienlyst Slot|date=November 7, 2009|publisher=DR|language=Danish|accessdate=25 November 2009|location=Copenhagen}}

{{cite web|url=http://www.denstoredanske.dk/Kunst_og_kultur/Arkitektur/Ren%C3%A6ssance/Hans,_d.%C3%A6._van_Steenwinckel|title=Hans van Steenwinckel|date=2009|publisher=Den Store Danske Encyklopædi|language=Danish|accessdate=29 November 2009|location=Copenhagen}}

{{cite web|url=http://www.statemaster.com/encyclopedia/Johan-Edvard-Mandelberg|title=Johan Edvard Mandelberg|accessdate=30 November 2009}}

{{cite web|url=http://www.oresundstid.dk/arkiv/arkivalt.aspx?id=8,661,764,767,765,766,663,664,665,666,667,1158,669,794,668,1157,1156,670,918,672,673,674,676,677,678,679,680,1192&tekst=1800-tallet&standard=J|title=Summary of the 19th century|date=2008|publisher=Øresundstid|accessdate=11 December 2009|location=Øresund, Denmark}}


{{cite web|url=http://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/G.N._Brandt|title=Bio: G. N. Brandt|last=Brandt|first=Gudmund Nyeland |publisher=Danish Wikipedia|language=Danish|accessdate=30 November 2009}}
{{coord|56|2|31.2|N|12|36|7|E|type:landmark_region:DK|display=inline,title}}


[[Category:Castles in Denmark]]
[[Category:Castles in Denmark]]

Revision as of 05:47, 14 January 2010

Marienlyst Castle
Marienlyst Slot
Main façade of Marienlyst Castle
Map
Former namesLundhave Pavilion
General information
Architectural styleNeoclassicism and Louis XVI
LocationHelsingør, Denmark
Coordinates56°2′31.2″N 12°36′7″E / 56.042000°N 12.60194°E / 56.042000; 12.60194
Construction started1587
Completed1588
ClientKing Frederick II of Denmark
OwnerHelsingør Municipality Museums
Design and construction
Architect(s)Hans van Steenwinckel
Nicolas-Henri Jardin (current building)

Marienlyst Castle is located in Helsingør, Denmark, and was named after King Frederik V of Denmark's second wife, Juliana Maria the Queen consort of Denmark and Norway. The building formerly served as a royal pavilion of Kronborg Castle and was mostly used as a pleasure and hunting palace, but was also used by the Director-general of the Øresund Customs House, Colonel Adam Gottlob von Krogh and his wife Magdalene, between 1796 and 1847.

Hans van Steenwinckel the royal architect, designed and built the original pavilion and parterre garden in 1587, for King Frederick II of Denmark. The royal estate was then purchased in 1758 by Count Adam Gottlob Moltke, who completely changed the original pavilion and garden with the help of French architect Nicolas-Henri Jardin between 1759 and 1763. The additions led to its present day architectural structure and façade. Jardin also redesigned the original parterre gardens, changing them to a larger, more modern garden à la française design, with symmetrical hedges, avenues, fountains and mirror ponds. Within the castle wall boundaries, these elegant garden grounds remain to a large extent intact, but outside, much of the garden has been lost, including the most renowned romantic landscape garden in Denmark, designed by Johan Ludvig Mansa in the 1790’s. This was mostly due to the sale of much of the original property, by the Helsingør municipality, who had purchased the entire Marienlyst estate at auction in 1851. One of the lot purchasers being J.S. Nathanson, who in 1859 built Hotel Marienlyst, the first luxury hotel in Helsingør, named after the castle.

Between 1919 and 1921, local Helsingør gardener Gudmund Nyeland Brandt, removed the last remnants of the romantic gardens, replacing it, with an 18th century garden design to match the castle's classical architecture. For the most part it is these gardens you will see today when visiting the castle, which have been part of Helsingør Municipality Museums since 1930.

Saint Anne Convent

In medieval times there was a chapel dedicated to Saint Anne in the area, which probably belonged to the St. Anna Guild in Helsingør. In 1438 the chapel was given to a community of Franciscan friars which had been founded in 1419, who then converted the chapel into a monastery dedicated to Saint Anne. Nothing remains of the monastery except the street name, Sankt Anna Gade in Helsingør. The monastery was confiscated by the crown during the Reformation of 1536. The former monastery was probably part of the royal property on the grounds, called Lundegaard, where an old stone house is known to have existed in 1576. [1]

Frederick II's Pavilion and Garden

During the 1420s, King Eric of Pomerania created Kronborg Castle, the castle immortalized in Shakespeare's play, Hamlet. It was built like a strong fortress for guarding Øresund and ensuring payment of sound dues which were enforced by the immediate firing of all cannons on any ship that refused to pay. It was very effective and collected two thirds of crown revenues. By the late Renaissance, tastes had changed and Kronborg's high walls and bastions made it imposable to have a grand renaissance garden, so an old monastery north of the yard was chosen as the location and named Lundhave after the royal estate. [1]

In 1587, Hans van Steenwinckel the royal architect built a parterre garden and a pavilion for King Frederick II of Denmark. [2][3] It was a three story building, in the northern Italian renaissance style. [4] The first floor had an armory, that also stored equipment for equestrian competitions, one of the so-called noble disciplines, which also included fencing and dance. This was taught to all nobles at the time through the knight academies. [5] The second floor was were the Queen Consort, Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow had her rooms and the top floor was for the king. Sadly, he would only have a short time to enjoy his newly built pavilion and garden, as he died in 1588, barely a year after construction was completed. His son King Christian IV of Denmark, would however get to use it throughout his reign, coming their often and spending large sums of money improving the garden and planting rare trees. He would also keep many pheasants and other game birds on the estate, for hunting. [1]

Lundhave from the 1650s to 1750s

King Frederik III of Denmark took over the royal estate in 1648 after the death of his father and seems not to have been very interested in the pavilion but did have the new gardener simplify and restructure the garden by planting a fruit and vegetable garden. Ten years later, the 1658 war with Sweden took its toll on the pavilion, but fortunately the garden did not suffer too much damage. It remained mostly unused till the end of Frederik III's reign in 1670. [1] A depiction of the pavilion and gardens can be seen in Peder Resen's Atlas Danicus dated 1660 and published in 1677. In the drawings he calls the pavilion and garden, Kongenshafve (The King's Garden). [6]

It would be King Christian V of Denmark who would once again bring life to the pavilion, often coming to hunt and relax in the gardens. He would also be the first to give it a complete renovation. This was done between 1680 and 1681 by Hans van Steenwinckel Jr. to repair the damage that had been caused by general aging over the last century and the recent war with Sweden. Steenwinckel Jr. kept to his fathers original drawings and made only a few minor cosmetic changes, like the addition of Christian V's monogram and the year 1681.

From 1699 till 1723 the pavilion would be owned by Frederick IV of Denmark who would renovate it between 1716 and 1717. The king would not return after his marriage to Anne Sophie Reventlow on April 4, 1721. Frederick V of Denmark decided in 1747 to lease Lundhave for four years, to Lieutenant Burghof, and then in 1751 sold the property to Johannes G. Putscher, a citizen of Helsingør.

Frederik V's pleasure palace

Lord Chamberlain, Count Adam Gottlob Moltke purchased Lundhave In 1758, but it is believed the purchase was done on Frederik V's behalf, as the deed was issued to the king in 1760, and kept secret until his death in 1766. During these years, Count Moltke completely changed Frederik II's pavilion with the help of French architect Nicolas-Henri Jardin, whose additions led too its present day architectural structure and façade. [7]

Jardin's initial instructions were to preserve the original pavilion, but he decided to create new extensions on either side of the original building, thus creating a palace.[8] They would be of the same height and depth but pulled back a little so as to allow the original pavilion to stand out in relation to the new additions. The original lines were preserved and the entire building was brought together visually by a strong rotating main cornice, which is crowned by a balustrade around the flat roof. The buildings exterior also had horizontal bands of polished stone, medallions, festive tions over the windows and arcades on the second floor, that emphasize the classical architecture that Jardin had introduced to Denmark. The interior decoration had a number of prestigious Louis XVI-interiors created by artists like painter Carl Gustaf Pilo, decorators Joseph Christian Lillie, Johan Edvard Mandelberg and sculptor Simon Carl Stanley. The parterre gardens were changed to a larger garden à la française design, with symmetrical hedges, avenues, boxwood hedges, fountains and mirror ponds. [3]

King Frederik V only had a few years to enjoy their work as he died in 1766 after which Queen Juliana Maria took possession of the castle. It was then named Marienlyst (Mary's Delight) in her honor and in the 1790's she had a romantic garden laid out with winding paths, folleys, including tumuli, hermit cottages and a medieval style Gothic tower. [9][10] She would use the castle often until her death in 1796.

During the transition period after her death, their was talk of Crown Prince Frederik taking residence here but it never happened and instead, it became the residence of the Director-general of Øresund Customs House, Colonel Adam Gottlob von Krogh and his wife Magdalene, between 1796 and 1847. [10][11] He built a small thatched half-timbered house, and Krogh's garden in a little grove on the property in 1800. The building is no longer visible but, parts of the small stone fence around the garden can still be seen. Close by to the garden is Magdalene’s Hill where von Krogh set up a monument in the 1830’s honoring his wife. [8] He died in 1839, but his widow remained in residence until her death in 1847.

Andreas Andersen Feldborg wrote in his 1824 book Denmark Delineated about the romantic gardens saying, Hamlet's garden is the favorite promenade of the inhabitants of Elsinore (Helsingør). It is generally filled with groups of elegant females and lovely children, whose manners and appearance bear pleasing testimony to the state of society in this part of his Danish Majesty's dominions. [10] Just two years later a young Hans Christian Andersen also writes about Marienlyst, during a class outing whilst at grammar school in Helsingør. It is worth noting that his youthful excitement, shows that he had yet to travel abroad much: Yesterday I was with Meisling in Marienlyst; oh, it's one of the finest I've seen! Where Sea and the whole countryside is lovely. Meisling says that the whole coast here is similar to that of Naples; the glorious hills are there in the garden, everything seems like Switzerland, and I felt so unspeakably happy, oh, one must become a poet or artist to see the beautiful nature. O Benefactor, Thanks! Thank you! for every happy moment! Life is Wonderful! [12]

Sold to Helsingør municipality

The entire property was offered for sale at public auction by King Frederick VII of Denmark in 1851. The Helsingør municipality purchesed it for 32,000 Rigsbankdaleren, who parceled out most of the land, and then rented out the castle to J.S. Nathanson and his nearby Marienlyst Resorts and Waterpark (Marienlyst Kurog Søbad), which renovated the castle into part of the resort. The connection to the health spa closed in 1896 and in 1904 the castle was rented for accommodation for three families.

The park was converted to its present appearance between 1919 and 1921 under the leadership of local gardener Gudmund Nyeland Brandt. It would not be a reconstruction of the Jardins gardens but instead a reinterpretation of 17th century neoclassical style, appropriate with castle's classical design.

In 1930 the Town Museum moved into the basement, and in 1940 the whole building was taken over by the museum. After a thorough restoration in 1953 by architect Volmars Drosted, Marienlyst became offices for Helsingør City Council.

Marienlyst Castle is operated today as a branch of the Helsingør Municipality Museums. The castle has a permanent exhibition of paintings and Helsingør-silver from the 18th and 19th century. They have over the years also organized temporary exhibitions, mainly exhibitions of a art-historical nature. The painting exhibitions include William Petersen's a forgotten golden age of painting and marine painter Carl Frederick Sørensen.[13] Within the Danish handicraft exhibitions have been shown The Danish brooch, The ceramic jug and Beast of Law.

Marienlyst Castle

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d "Marienlyst Slot" (in Danish). Danish Wikipedia. Retrieved 02 December 2009. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  2. ^ "Hans van Steenwinckel" (in Danish). Copenhagen: Den Store Danske Encyklopædi. 2009. Retrieved 29 November 2009.
  3. ^ a b Appel, Liv (2005). "Nationalpark Kongernes Nordsjælland, Kulturhistorisk undersøgelse" (PDF) (in Danish). Gilleleje, Denmark: Holbo Herreds Kulturhistoriske Centre, Gilleleje Museum. Retrieved 30 November 2009.
  4. ^ "1500-tallet". Øresundstid. 2008. Retrieved 29 November 2009.
  5. ^ Nielsen, Kay Søren (2000). "Christian V, Konge og sportsmand" (in Danish). Copenhagen: Tøjhusmuseet - The Royal Danish Arsenal Museum. Retrieved 01 December 2009. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  6. ^ Resen, Peder Hansen (1677). "Copperplates from Resens ATLAS DANICUS 1677" (in Danish). Copenhagen: Det kongelige Bibliotek, Department of Maps, Prints & Photographs. pp. 31–32. Retrieved 04 December 2009. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  7. ^ "Marienlyst Slot" (in Danish). Helsingør Leksikon. Retrieved 2009-11-17.
  8. ^ a b Madsen, Lars Bjørn (2007). "A walk in Hamlet's garden" (PDF). Helsingør Kommunes Museer (in Danish). Helsingør, Denmark: Helsingør Kommunes Museer. Retrieved December 4, 2009.
  9. ^ Jonge, Nicolay (1777). "Kongeriget Danmarks chrorografiske Beskrivelse" (PDF) (in Danish). Copenhagen: Johan Rudolph Thieles Bogtrykkerie. p. 87. Retrieved 04 December 2009. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  10. ^ a b c Feldborg, Andreas Andersen (1824). Denmark Delineated; or, sketches of the present state of that country (2 ed.). Edenburgh: Oliver and Boyd, and D. Lizars. p. 384. Retrieved December 7, 2009.
  11. ^ Wad, Gustav Ludvig (1883). Personalhistorisk tidsskrift (in Danish). Vol. 5. Copenhagen: Samfundet for dansk-norsk genealogi og personalhistorie. p. 143. Retrieved November 23, 2009.
  12. ^ "Summary of the 19th century". Øresund, Denmark: Øresundstid. 2008. Retrieved 11 December 2009.
  13. ^ Sørensen, Carl Frederick (July 17, 1760). "Numerous sailing ships in stormy weather off the coast of Vingö, Sweden". Retrieved 30 November 2009.

Sources

Books

Wad, Gustav Ludvig (1883). Personalhistorisk tidsskrift (in Danish). Vol. 5. Copenhagen: Samfundet for dansk-norsk genealogi og personalhistorie. p. 143. Retrieved November 23, 2009.

Faye, Jan (1988). Marienlyst Slot : det kongelige lystanlæg ved Helsingør (in Danish). Copenhagen: Christian Ejlers. p. 317. ISBN 9788772415802. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

Resen, Peder Hansen (1677). Resen's ATLAS DANICUS 1677 (in Danish). Copenhagen: Det kongelige Bibliotek, Department of Maps, Prints & Photographs. pp. 31–32. Retrieved 04 December 2009. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)

Feldborg, Andreas Andersen (1824). Denmark Delineated; or, sketches of the present state of that country (2 ed.). Edenburgh: Oliver and Boyd, and D. Lizars. p. 384. Retrieved December 7, 2009.

Journal

Appel, Liv (2005). "Nationalpark Kongernes Nordsjælland, Kulturhistorisk undersøgelse" (PDF) (in Danish). Gilleleje, Denmark: Holbo Herreds Kulturhistoriske Centre, Gilleleje Museum. Retrieved 30 November 2009.

Online

"1500-tallet". Øresundstid. 2008. Retrieved 29 November 2009.

"Marienlyst Slot" (in Danish). Helsingør Leksikon. Retrieved 17 November 2009.

"25 millioner kickstarter renovering af Marienlyst" (PDF). HELSINGØR (in Danish). Helsingør, Denmark: Sjaellandske media. TIRSDAG 5. MAJ 2009. Retrieved 23 November 2009. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

"Staten siger nej til Marienlyst Slot" (in Danish). Copenhagen: DR. November 7, 2009. Retrieved 25 November 2009.

"Hans van Steenwinckel" (in Danish). Copenhagen: Den Store Danske Encyklopædi. 2009. Retrieved 29 November 2009.

"Johan Edvard Mandelberg". Retrieved 30 November 2009.

"Summary of the 19th century". Øresund, Denmark: Øresundstid. 2008. Retrieved 11 December 2009.

Brandt, Gudmund Nyeland. "Bio: G. N. Brandt" (in Danish). Danish Wikipedia. Retrieved 30 November 2009.

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