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*Francesco Barbaro was Auditor of [[Grado, Italy|Grado]] from 1642 to 1643<ref>“L'Archeografo triestino: raccolta di opuscoli notizie per Trieste e per l'Istria?”, Società di Minerva.; Deputazione di storia patria per le Venezie. Sezione di Trieste, Trieste, 1890, pg. 195 [http://books.google.com/books?id=ewwvAAAAYAAJ]</ref> and [[Podestà]] of [[Oprtalj|Portole]] from 1643 to 1646.<ref>“Archeografo triestino, Volume 11”, Domenico Rossetti, 1884, pg. 261 [http://books.google.com/books?id=do0BAAAAYAAJ]</ref>
*Francesco Barbaro was Auditor of [[Grado, Italy|Grado]] from 1642 to 1643<ref>“L'Archeografo triestino: raccolta di opuscoli notizie per Trieste e per l'Istria?”, Società di Minerva.; Deputazione di storia patria per le Venezie. Sezione di Trieste, Trieste, 1890, pg. 195 [http://books.google.com/books?id=ewwvAAAAYAAJ]</ref> and [[Podestà]] of [[Oprtalj|Portole]] from 1643 to 1646.<ref>“Archeografo triestino, Volume 11”, Domenico Rossetti, 1884, pg. 261 [http://books.google.com/books?id=do0BAAAAYAAJ]</ref>



*Alvise Barbaro was Auditor of [[Grado, Italy|Grado]] from 1644 to 1645<ref>“L'Archeografo triestino: raccolta di opuscoli notizie per Trieste e per l'Istria?”, Società di Minerva.; Deputazione di storia patria per le Venezie. Sezione di Trieste, Trieste, 1890, pg. 195 [http://books.google.com/books?id=ewwvAAAAYAAJ]</ref> and [[Podestà]] of [[Oprtalj|Portole]] in 1648.<ref>“Archeografo triestino, Volume 11”, Domenico Rossetti, 1884, pg. 261 [http://books.google.com/books?id=do0BAAAAYAAJ]</ref>
*Alvise Barbaro was Auditor of [[Grado, Italy|Grado]] from 1644 to 1645<ref>“L'Archeografo triestino: raccolta di opuscoli notizie per Trieste e per l'Istria?”, Società di Minerva.; Deputazione di storia patria per le Venezie. Sezione di Trieste, Trieste, 1890, pg. 195 [http://books.google.com/books?id=ewwvAAAAYAAJ]</ref> and [[Podestà]] of [[Oprtalj|Portole]] in 1648.<ref>“Archeografo triestino, Volume 11”, Domenico Rossetti, 1884, pg. 261 [http://books.google.com/books?id=do0BAAAAYAAJ]</ref>


*Giacomo Barbaro was Doge of Crete in 1648. <ref>“Venezia e il Turco nella seconda metà del secolo XVII : con documenti inediti e con prefazione di Pasquale Villar”, Amy A Bernardy, Florence, 1902, pg. 57 [http://books.google.com/books?id=QxwpAAAAYAAJ]</ref>
*Giacomo Barbaro was [[Doge]] of Crete in 1648. <ref>“Venezia e il Turco nella seconda metà del secolo XVII : con documenti inediti e con prefazione di Pasquale Villar”, Amy A Bernardy, Florence, 1902, pg. 57 [http://books.google.com/books?id=QxwpAAAAYAAJ]</ref>


*Luca Francesco Barbaro was Doge of Crete in 1649<ref>“Venezia e il Turco nella seconda metà del secolo XVII : con documenti inediti e con prefazione di Pasquale Villar”, Amy A Bernardy, Florence, 1902, pg. 57 [http://books.google.com/books?id=QxwpAAAAYAAJ]</ref> and Captain of the Navy in 1651. <ref>“Venice, Austria, and the Turks in the seventeenth century”, Kenneth Meyer Setton, Philadelphia : American Philosophical Society, 1991, pg. 163 [http://books.google.com/books?id=XN51y209fR8C]</ref>
*Luca Francesco Barbaro was [[Doge]] of Crete in 1649<ref>“Venezia e il Turco nella seconda metà del secolo XVII : con documenti inediti e con prefazione di Pasquale Villar”, Amy A Bernardy, Florence, 1902, pg. 57 [http://books.google.com/books?id=QxwpAAAAYAAJ]</ref> and Captain of the Navy in 1651. <ref>“Venice, Austria, and the Turks in the seventeenth century”, Kenneth Meyer Setton, Philadelphia : American Philosophical Society, 1991, pg. 163 [http://books.google.com/books?id=XN51y209fR8C]</ref>


*Antonio Barbaro was Auditor of [[Grado, Italy|Grado]] from 1648 to 1649.<ref>“L'Archeografo triestino: raccolta di opuscoli notizie per Trieste e per l'Istria?”, Società di Minerva.; Deputazione di storia patria per le Venezie. Sezione di Trieste, Trieste, 1890, pg. 195 [http://books.google.com/books?id=ewwvAAAAYAAJ]</ref>
*Antonio Barbaro was Auditor of [[Grado, Italy|Grado]] from 1648 to 1649.<ref>“L'Archeografo triestino: raccolta di opuscoli notizie per Trieste e per l'Istria?”, Società di Minerva.; Deputazione di storia patria per le Venezie. Sezione di Trieste, Trieste, 1890, pg. 195 [http://books.google.com/books?id=ewwvAAAAYAAJ]</ref>
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The Barbaro family was connected to several buildings within and around Venice, some of which include:
The Barbaro family was connected to several buildings within and around Venice, some of which include:


*The [[Palazzi Barbaro]], located near the [[Ponte dell'Accademia]], was the family's principal residence in Venice.<ref>“Encyclopedia of Italian Renaissance & Mannerist art, Volume 1”, Jane Turner, New York, 2000, pg. 112 [http://books.google.com/books?id=CbGfAAAAMAAJ] ISBN0333760948</ref> until 1864.ref>“ Venice on foot, with the itinerary of the Grand Canal and several direct routes to useful places”, Hugh A Douglas, C. Scribner's Sons, 1907, pg. 282 [http://books.google.com/books?id=rYEZAAAAYAAJ]</ref>
*The [[Palazzi Barbaro]], located near the [[Ponte dell'Accademia]], was the family's principal residence in Venice.<ref>“Encyclopedia of Italian Renaissance & Mannerist art, Volume 1”, Jane Turner, New York, 2000, pg. 112 [http://books.google.com/books?id=CbGfAAAAMAAJ] ISBN0333760948</ref> until 1864.<ref>“ Venice on foot, with the itinerary of the Grand Canal and several direct routes to useful places”, Hugh A Douglas, C. Scribner's Sons, 1907, pg. 282 [http://books.google.com/books?id=rYEZAAAAYAAJ]</ref>


The first building dates from the 14th century. It belonged to Piero Spiera in the early 15th century, passing though several hands before being acquired by Zaccaria Barbaro, [[Procurator of San Marco]].<ref>“ Venice on foot, with the itinerary of the Grand Canal and several direct routes to useful places”, Hugh A Douglas, C. Scribner's Sons, 1907, pg. 278 [http://books.google.com/books?id=rYEZAAAAYAAJ]</ref> The other building was originally two stories and belonged to the Tagliapietra family. In the 16th century, they gave the Barbaro family permission to build on top.<ref>“ Venice on foot, with the itinerary of the Grand Canal and several direct routes to useful places”, Hugh A Douglas, C. Scribner's Sons, 1907, pg. 282 [http://books.google.com/books?id=rYEZAAAAYAAJ]</ref> [[Antonio Gaspari]] made enlargements to the building from 1694 to 1698.<ref>“Encyclopedia of Italian Renaissance & Mannerist art, Volume 1”, Jane Turner, New York, 2000, pg. 112 [http://books.google.com/books?id=CbGfAAAAMAAJ] ISBN0333760948</ref>
The first building dates from the 14th century. It belonged to Piero Spiera in the early 15th century, passing though several hands before being acquired by Zaccaria Barbaro, [[Procurator of San Marco]].<ref>“ Venice on foot, with the itinerary of the Grand Canal and several direct routes to useful places”, Hugh A Douglas, C. Scribner's Sons, 1907, pg. 278 [http://books.google.com/books?id=rYEZAAAAYAAJ]</ref> The other building was originally two stories and belonged to the Tagliapietra family. In the 16th century, they gave the Barbaro family permission to build on top.<ref>“ Venice on foot, with the itinerary of the Grand Canal and several direct routes to useful places”, Hugh A Douglas, C. Scribner's Sons, 1907, pg. 282 [http://books.google.com/books?id=rYEZAAAAYAAJ]</ref> [[Antonio Gaspari]] made enlargements to the building from 1694 to 1698.<ref>“Encyclopedia of Italian Renaissance & Mannerist art, Volume 1”, Jane Turner, New York, 2000, pg. 112 [http://books.google.com/books?id=CbGfAAAAMAAJ] ISBN0333760948</ref>

Revision as of 04:23, 25 February 2010

This article is about the historical Venetian family. For the modern criminal organization, see Barbaro 'ndrina.
"The Glorification of the Barbaro Family" by Giovanni Battista Tiepolo

The Barbaro family was a patrician family of Venice. Various members were noted as church leaders, diplomats, patrons of the arts, military commanders, philosophers, scholars, and scientists.[1][2] They had wealth and influence and owned large estates in the Veneto above Treviso.[3]

History

Barbaro family tradition claims they were descended the Roman gens Catellia[4][5] and more distantly from the Fabii.[6] Tradition also says they fled to Istria to avoid persecution during the reign of Emperor Diocletian.[7]

Johannes Barbaro, a presbyter of the Church of San Zorzi in 982 has been cited as the first member of the Barbaro family that we have a historical record of,[8], but an Antonio Barbaro was Procurator of San Marco in 968.[9]

However, at this time the family's name was Magadezzi.[10][11] Records show the family moved from Pula to Trieste in 706 and then to Venice in 868.[12][13][14] The family’s wealth came from the salt trade.[15]

Recorded genealogy of the Barbaro family begins in 1121 with Marco, naval commander and creator of the modern coat of arms,[16] who changed his surname name from Magadezzi to Barbaro.[17]

The Barbaro family became members of the Patrician class by decision of the Maggior Consiglio (Senate of Venice) in 1297.[18] The Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia confirmed the family status as Patricians as part of a series of resolutions issued from 1818-1821.[19] This status was officially recorded again in Venice in 1891 for all members of the family.[20] At the same time, a Benedetto Barbaro was recognized as a Count, with the right to pass that title on to his male heirs.[21] In 1911, Giambattista Barbaro from another branch of the family was also recognized as a Count.[22] Another branch of the family moved to Malta, where they were awarded the titles of Signore di Pietramala (1270), Barone di Latronico (1530), Marchese di San Giorgio (1778), and Nobile di Malta (1878).[23]

The family fortunes diminished after Napoleon's defeat of Venice and they had to turn most of the Palazzi Barbaro into apartments.[24] By the time art critic John Ruskin visited Venice in 1851 all that was left of the once powerful Barbaro family were a pair of elderly brothers living in poverty in the garret of the Palazzo Barbaro.[25]

Ruskin wrote that the poverty of these last members of the Barbaro family was justice for the family having rebuilt the Church of Santa Maria Zobenigo as a monument to themselves, which Ruskin called “a manifestation of insolent atheism”.[26] The last of the family died in the mid-nineteenth century.[27]

Some branches of the family survived outside Venice. The most prominent was in Malta, but there were also branches in Galacia and other parts of Italy.[28]

Family Arms

There is disagreement over the form of the ancient Barbaro coat of arms. Johannes Rietstap and other identify it as D'or, à deux bandes d'azur, accompagne de deux roses du même, a gold field with two bands of blue between two roses of the same color.[29][30] d'Eschavannes identifies it as D'azur, à trois roses d'or, a blue field with three gold roses.[31]

The Barbaro coat of arms
The Barbaro coat of arms

Sources agree that the modern Barbaro coat of arms is D'argent, au cyclamore de gueules, a red ring on a white field.[32][33][34]

The modern Barbaro family arms were officially recognized the Venetian Senate in 1125 in remembrance of Marco Barbaro cutting off the hand of a Moor during a naval action near Ascalon and using the bleeding stump to draw a circle onto a turban, which he flew as a pennant from his masthead.[35][36][37][38][39]

Until this incident, he was known as Marco Magadezzi.[40][41] Saracens boarded the galley he commanded and tore down the ship's flag, which bore the family coat of arms.[42][43]Marco Magadezzi used the bloody turban as an improvised flag to let the rest of the fleet know his ship had not been captured.[44][45] After the action, he changed his family name from Magadezzi to Barbaro[46] in recognition of the incident and to honor the heroism of his fallen enemies, who he considered barbarians.[47]

In 1432, Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor granted Ambassador Francesco Barbaro the title of Knight of the Holy Roman Empire and the right to quarter his arms with the Imperial Eagles.[48] In 1560, Queen Elizabeth I of England granted Ambassador Daniele Barbaro right to use the Tudor Rose in his personal arms.[49]

Notable members

Famous members included the brothers Daniele Barbaro and Marcantonio Barbaro, who were patrons of the architect Andrea Palladio and the painter Paolo Veronese.[50]. Barbaro-family members acted as deans and professors of the University of Padua. Several members were also Patriarchs of Aquileia.[51][52]

  • Donato Barbaro (c.1364) Son of Giovanni. Distinguished him self in the suppression of a rebellion in Candia[64]
  • Bernardo Barbaro (c.1370) Son of Donato. Ambassador for the Doge to the Sultan of Egypt.[67]
  • Francesco Barbaro (c.1398) Son of Marco. One of the founders of the Congregazione dei Canonici Secolari (Secular Canons) of San Giorgio in Alga.[69]
  • Almoro Barbaro (c.1403) Son of Adamo. Captain of a galley in the victory of Carlo Zeno against the Genoese.[76]
  • Nicolo Barbaro was Auditor of Pola from 1413 to 1414.[81]
  • Marco Barbaro (c.1423) Son of Jacopo. Ambassador to Byzantium.[88]
  • Matteo Barbaro was Auditor of Pola from 1423 to 1424.[89]
  • Vittore Barbaro (c.1426) Son of Maffio. Proveditore of the Army against Milan.[90]
  • Bernabo Barbaro was Auditor of Grado in 1446.[95]
  • Marco Barbaro was Auditor of Pola in 1458.[103]
  • Leonardo Barbaro was Auditor of Grado in 1464.[104]
  • Bartolommeo Barbaro, son of Stefano, was Rector of Stalimene (Lemnos) from 1467 to 1471.[105]
  • Antonio Barbaro. (c.1470) Son of Matteo. Governor of Scutari. Sustained a long siege against the Turks.[108]
  • Alvise Barbaro. (c.1470) Son of Zaccaria. Proveditore of the Army, died in the War of Ferrara.[109]
  • Emolao Barbaro (1493-1556) Son of Alvise Barbaro and nephew of Ermolao Barbaro. After holding a series of junior naval and diplomatic posts, he became Governor of Verona from 1544-55 and governor of Padua from 1548-50.[122]
  • Daniele Barbaro was Auditor of Grado in 1499.[123]
  • Franceso Barbaro was Auditor of Grado in 1511.[125]
  • Giovannantonio Barbaro, son of Giosafatto was rector of Nauplia and Argos from 1512 to 1514.[127]
  • Francesco Barbaro, son of Antonio was rector of Nauplia and Argos from 1516 to 1519.[129]
  • Matteo Barbaro was Rector of Belluno from 1518 to 1520.[130]
  • Francesco Barbaro. (c.1530) Son of Antonio. Bailo at Constantinople.[139]
  • Bernardo Barbaro. (c.1532) Son of Galzerando Condoteirre in the army of Charles V in Italy.[141]
  • Giovanni Battista Barbaro. (c. 1560) Son of Francesco. Fought against the pirates of the Adriatic.[153]
  • Francesco Barbaro. (c.1569) Son of Alvise. Proveditore general in Dalmatia.[155]
  • Francesco Barbaro - Bishop of Aquileia 1585-1593, Patriarch of Aquileia 1593-1616[157]
  • Giacomo Barbaro was Rector of Belluno from 1589 to 1590.[158]
  • Ermolao II Barbaro - Bishop of Aquileia 1596-1616, Patriarch of Aquileia 1616-1622[159]
  • Marcantonio Barbaro was Auditor of Grado from 1636 to 1638.[177]
  • Giacomo Barbaro was Doge of Crete in 1648. [182]
  • Luca Francesco Barbaro was Doge of Crete in 1649[183] and Captain of the Navy in 1651. [184]
  • Antonio Barbaro was Auditor of Grado from 1648 to 1649.[185]
  • Angelo Barbaro was Auditor of Grado from 1651 to 1653.[186]
  • Leonardo Barbaro was Auditor of Grado from 1656 to 1657.[188]
  • Lorenzo Barbaro was Auditor of Grado from 1664 to 1665.[193]
  • Sante Barbaro. (c.1668) Son of Alberto. Died victorious at Candia. Death is depicted in an album by Gatteri.[194]
  • Giorgio Barbaro, son of Alberto, was Rector of Tinos and Mykonos from 1684 to 1689 and[200] and again from 1696 to 1700.[201]
  • Girolamo Barbaro was Auditor of Pola from 1698 to 1699.[204]
  • Guiseppe Barbaro was Rector of Belluno from 1710 to 1711.[209]
  • Alessandro Barbaro was Auditor of Grado from 1725 to 1726.[212]
  • Marino Barbaro, son of Gianfrancesco, was Proveditore of Vonizza from 1728 to 1730.[213]
  • Agostino Barbaro was Rector of Belluno from 1732 to 1733.[216]
  • Girolamo Bernardo Barbaro, son of Nicolo, was Proveditore of Vonizza from 1738 to 1740.[219]
  • Francesco Antonio Barbaro, son of Marino, was Bailo of Corfu from 1755 to 1758.[226]
  • Pietro Girolamo Barbaro was Auditor of Grado from 1762 to 1763.[228]
  • Giacomo Antonio Barbaro was Rector of Belluno from 1765 to 1766.[229]
  • Marco Barbaro was Auditor of Grado from 1766 to 1767.[230]
  • Giovanni Barbaro was Auditor of Grado from 1777 to 1778.[231]
  • Antonio Barbaro was Auditor of Grado from 1778 to 1780.[233]
  • Giorgio Barbaro was Auditor of Grado from 1793 to 1794.[236]
  • Antonio Barbaro was Rector of Belluno from 1795 to 1796.[237]
  • Benedetto Barbaro (c.1891) Son of Alessandro, grandson of Lorenzo, Count.[238]
  • Giambattista Barbaro (c.1911) Son of Nicolo, grandson of Giambattista, Count.[239]

Patronage

The Barbaro family was connected to several buildings within and around Venice, some of which include:

The first building dates from the 14th century. It belonged to Piero Spiera in the early 15th century, passing though several hands before being acquired by Zaccaria Barbaro, Procurator of San Marco.[242] The other building was originally two stories and belonged to the Tagliapietra family. In the 16th century, they gave the Barbaro family permission to build on top.[243] Antonio Gaspari made enlargements to the building from 1694 to 1698.[244]

In 1524, the sister of the Alfonso I d'Este, Duke of Ferrara was living at the Palazzi Barbaro. In 1797 the Palazzi belonged to Senator Zuanne Barbaro [245] and were later purchased by Daniel Sargent Curtis. The buildings are also known as the Palazzo Barbaro-Curtis.[246] It is one of the least altered of the Gothic palaces of Venice.[247]

  • Another Palazzo Barbaro owned by a Daniele Barbaro and in 1797 by a Marco Barbaro.[248]
  • Yet another Palazzo Barbaro, near the Palazzo Barbarigo. It was owned in 1661 by a Lorenzo Barbaro and in 1712 by a Francesco Antonio Barbaro, but by 1740 it belonged to the Barbarigo family.[249]
  • The Palazzo Dario was built about 1450 by Zuanne Dario. After the death of diplomat Giovanni Dario in 1494, his daughter inherited. She was married to Vincenzo Barbaro, the son of Giacomo Barbaro and owner of the neighboring Palazzo Barbaro.[250]
  • Another Palazzo Barbaro, now known as the Palazzo Barbaro-Volkoff or Barbaro-Wolkoff. This 14th century Gothic palace was owned by an Antonio Barbaro in 1797. Eleonora Duse later lived there.[251]
  • Starting in 1534, Fra Zuanne Barbaro was one of two friars who were responsible for rebuilding the Church of San Francesco della Vigna according to the design of Jacopo Sansovino. Zuanne's brother Francisco was the first Venetian noble to purchase a family chapel there.[254] Daniele Barbaro commissioned the church's altarpiece of The Baptism of Christ (c.1555) by Battista Franco and was buried in an unmarked grave in behind the church instead of in the family chapel.[255]
  • The church of Santa Maria Zobenigo, also known as the Santa Maria de Giglio was built around 900 by the Zubenigo family, who died out in 1124. It was rebuilt between 1680 and 1700 by Giuseppe Sardi. The Barbaro family funded the rebuilding and the church contains statues of four members of the family. The façade shows plans for Rome, Corfu, Padua, Candia,Spalatro, and Pavia.[256]
  • In 1593-4 Marcantonio Barbaro was one of the Venetian nobles in charge of the building of the star-shaped fortress town of Palmanova in Friuli.[258]

References

  1. ^ “The City of Falling Angels, John Berendt, Penguin Books, 2006, pg.150 [1], ISBN 1-59420-058-0
  2. ^ “Enciclopedia storico-nobiliare italiana, Volume 7”, Vittorio Spreti, Arnaldo Forni, 1981, pg. 275 [2]
  3. ^ “Encyclopedia of Italian Renaissance & Mannerist art, Volume 1”, Jane Turner, New York, 2000, pg. 112 [3] ISBN0333760948
  4. ^ “Enciclopedia storico-nobiliare italiana, Volume 7”, Vittorio Spreti, Arnaldo Forni, 1981, pg. 274 [4]
  5. ^ “Francesco Barbaro: Fru¨h-Humanismus und Staatskunst in Venedig.”, Percy Gothein, Berlin, 1932, pg. 11 [5]
  6. ^ “Francesco Barbaro: Fru¨h-Humanismus und Staatskunst in Venedig.”, Percy Gothein, Berlin, 1932, pg. 11 [6]
  7. ^ “Enciclopedia storico-nobiliare italiana, Volume 7”, Vittorio Spreti, Arnaldo Forni, 1981, pg. 274 [7]
  8. ^ “Enciclopedia storico-nobiliare italiana, Volume 7”, Vittorio Spreti, Arnaldo Forni, 1981, pg. 274 [8]
  9. ^ “Venice on foot, with the itinerary of the Grand Canal and several direct routes to useful places”, Hugh A Douglas, C. Scribner's Sons, 1907, pg. 346 [9]
  10. ^ “Francesco Barbaro: Fru¨h-Humanismus und Staatskunst in Venedig.”, Percy Gothein, Berlin, 1932, pg. 11 [10]
  11. ^ “Das Schiff aus Stein: Venedig u.d. Venezianer ”, Hermann Schreiber, Mu¨nchen, 1979, pg. 161 [11]
  12. ^ “Enciclopedia storico-nobiliare italiana, Volume 7”, Vittorio Spreti, Arnaldo Forni, 1981, pg. 274 [12]
  13. ^ “Francesco Barbaro: Fru¨h-Humanismus und Staatskunst in Venedig.”, Percy Gothein, Berlin, 1932, pg. 11 [13]
  14. ^ “Das Schiff aus Stein: Venedig u.d. Venezianer ”, Hermann Schreiber, Mu¨nchen, 1979, pg. 161 [14]
  15. ^ >""Palazzo Barbaro-Curtis website""..
  16. ^ “Enciclopedia storico-nobiliare italiana, Volume 7”, Vittorio Spreti, Arnaldo Forni, 1981, pg. 275 [15]
  17. ^ “Francesco Barbaro: Fru¨h-Humanismus und Staatskunst in Venedig.”, Percy Gothein, Berlin, 1932, pg. 12 [16]
  18. ^ “Enciclopedia storico-nobiliare italiana, Volume 7”, Vittorio Spreti, Arnaldo Forni, 1981, pg. 275 [17]
  19. ^ “Enciclopedia storico-nobiliare italiana, Volume 7”, Vittorio Spreti, Arnaldo Forni, 1981, pg. 275 [18]
  20. ^ “Enciclopedia storico-nobiliare italiana, Volume 7”, Vittorio Spreti, Arnaldo Forni, 1981, pg. 275 [19]
  21. ^ “Enciclopedia storico-nobiliare italiana, Volume 7”, Vittorio Spreti, Arnaldo Forni, 1981, pg. 275 [20]
  22. ^ “Enciclopedia storico-nobiliare italiana, Volume 7”, Vittorio Spreti, Arnaldo Forni, 1981, pg. 275 [21]
  23. ^ “Enciclopedia storico-nobiliare italiana, Volume 7”, Vittorio Spreti, Arnaldo Forni, 1981, pg. 275 [22]
  24. ^ “The City of Falling Angels, John Berendt, Penguin Books, 2006, pg.150 [23], ISBN 1594200580
  25. ^ “Views of Venice”, Antonio Canaletto, Antonio Visentini, J. G. Links, Dover Publications, 1971, pg. 20 [24], ISBN 0486226271
  26. ^ “Views of Venice”, Antonio Canaletto, Antonio Visentini, J. G. Links, Dover Publications, 1971, pg. 78 [25], ISBN 0486226271
  27. ^ “The City of Falling Angels, John Berendt, Penguin Books, 2006, pg.150 [26], ISBN 1594200580
  28. ^ “Enciclopedia storico-nobiliare italiana, Volume 7”, Vittorio Spreti, Arnaldo Forni, 1981, pg. 277 [27]
  29. ^ ""Armorial de J.B. RIETSTAP"". Retrieved 2010-02-05.
  30. ^ “Francesco Barbaro: Fru¨h-Humanismus und Staatskunst in Venedig.”, Percy Gothein, Berlin, 1932, pg. 13 [28]
  31. ^ “Armorial universel, pre´ce´de´ d'un traite´ complet de la science du blason, et suivi d'un Supple´ment :”, Jouffroy d'Eschavannes, Paris : L. Curmer, 1845-1848, pg. 53 [29]
  32. ^ ”Armorial général: précédé d'un Dictionnaire des termes du blason, Volume 1”, Johannes Baptist Rietstap, 1884, pg. 1 [30]
  33. ^ “Armorial universel, pre´ce´de´ d'un traite´ complet de la science du blason, et suivi d'un Supple´ment :”, Jouffroy d'Eschavannes, Paris : L. Curmer, 1845-1848, pg. 53 [31]
  34. ^ “Enciclopedia storico-nobiliare italiana, Volume 7”, Vittorio Spreti, Arnaldo Forni, 1981, pg. 503 [32]
  35. ^ “Una famiglia veneziana nella storia: i Barbaro”, Michela Marangoni, Manlio Pastore Stocchi, Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti, 1996, pg. 135 [33], ISBN 88-86166-34-6
  36. ^ [34]“Venice”, Augustus John Cuthbert Hare, Ballantyne Press, 1896, pg. 149]
  37. ^ “Delle inscrizioni veneziane, Volume 4”, Emmanuele Antonio Cicogna, Fonni, 1969, pg. 520 [35]
  38. ^ “A literary companion to Venice”, Ian Littlewood, Ballantyne Press, 1995, pg. 150 [36]
  39. ^ “Guida per la città di Venezia all'amico delle belle arti, Volume”, Giannantonio Moschini, Giovanni Antonio Moschini, Tip. di Alvisopoli, 1815, pg. 468 [37]
  40. ^ “Francesco Barbaro: Fru¨h-Humanismus und Staatskunst in Venedig.”, Percy Gothein, Berlin, 1932, pg. 12 [38]
  41. ^ “Das Schiff aus Stein: Venedig u.d. Venezianer ”, Hermann Schreiber, Mu¨nchen, 1979, pg. 161 [39]
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