Leper colony money: Difference between revisions
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==Leprosy colony money== |
==Leprosy colony money== |
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The original idea of leprosy colony money was the prevention of leprosy in healthy persons. However, in a Japanese book, it is written that [[segregation]] was the true intention, and infection was the pretext, since they stressed the virulence of leprosy. In 1938, Dr.Gordon Alexander Ryrie in [[Malaysia]] proved that the paper money was not contaminated with leprosy bacteria and all the banknotes were burned in that country.<ref>Kue Issho(1979) p. 39. Ikko Sha, Tokyo</ref><ref>Unique experiment with currency notes(1970) Isaac Teoh, The Star, January-February, p7.</ref> |
The original idea of leprosy colony money was the prevention of leprosy in healthy persons. However, in a Japanese book, it is written that [[segregation]] was the true intention, and infection was the pretext, since they stressed the virulence of leprosy{{citation needed}}. In 1938, Dr.Gordon Alexander Ryrie in [[Malaysia]] proved that the paper money was not contaminated with leprosy bacteria and all the banknotes were burned in that country.<ref>Kue Issho(1979) p. 39. Ikko Sha, Tokyo</ref><ref>Unique experiment with currency notes(1970) Isaac Teoh, The Star, January-February, p7.</ref> |
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==The first special money== |
==The first special money== |
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Revision as of 07:20, 17 April 2010
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Leprosy colony money or special money circulating only in leprosy sanatoriums was coin or paper money which was used so that leprosy bacteria would not infect other people. This system was used between 1901 and around 1955.
Leprosy colony money
The original idea of leprosy colony money was the prevention of leprosy in healthy persons. However, in a Japanese book, it is written that segregation was the true intention, and infection was the pretext, since they stressed the virulence of leprosy[citation needed]. In 1938, Dr.Gordon Alexander Ryrie in Malaysia proved that the paper money was not contaminated with leprosy bacteria and all the banknotes were burned in that country.[1][2]
The first special money
The oldest special money known was made in 1901 for use in three leper colonies of Columbia, called Agua de Dios, Cano de Loro and Contratacion. 5 kinds of coins were known, with 2.5 Centavos, 5 Centavos, 10 Centavos, 20 Centavos, and 50 Centavos. "Republica de Columbia 1901" was engraved.[3] These coins were issued after the first leprosy congress in Berlin in 1897.
Special money made in the USA
Between 1919 and 1952, special coins were used in a Panama Canal Zone leprosy colony called Palo Seco Colony. 1 cent, 5 cents, 10 cents, 25 cents, 50 cents and one dollar coins were made in the United States of America, with one hole in the coins.[4]
The Philippines
Special coins were made in Manila for use in leprosy colonies in the Philippines in 1913. In 1947 paper money was issued inside the Culion colony because of Japanese invasion.[5]
Japan
In 1919, special coins were made in Tama Zenshoen Sanatorium, and later in other sanatoriums in Japan. It is a characteristic of the special money of Japan that coins and in some cases money in papers or plastics were issued by the sanatoriums and not by the government. However, patients liked banknotes or coins of the Japan Bank. When patients were hospitalized, their money was changed for special money, so that this system was used also for the strengthening of segregation. In some sanatoriums, special money served as allowances for poor patients. By 1955 this system had been discontinued in Japan, in some cases initiated by crimes.[6][7]
Malaysia
In 1936, 5 cents, 10 cents and 1 dollar notes were issued in the Sunei Buloh Settlement in Malaysia, printed in four languages. The Director, Dr. Gordon Alexander Ryrie, sent the special banknotes for examination and it was proved that the notes were not disease carriers. All special banknotes were burned in a bonfire in that country in 1938.[8]
Special money in other countries
Leprosy colony money is also known to have existed in Brazil, China, Costa Rica, Korea, Nigeria, Thailand and Venezuela.
Special money in similar conditions
In Iriomotejima coal mines, Okinawa Prefecture, they issued special banknotes called "Tanko Kippu", which were for use only in the mines. Workers were confined in the mines.[9]
References
- The numismatic aspects of leprosy. Money, Medals and Miscellanea(1993) Roger R. McFadden, John Grost, Dennis F. Marr. D.C.McDonald Associates, Inc. USA.
- [1]
Footnotes
- ^ Kue Issho(1979) p. 39. Ikko Sha, Tokyo
- ^ Unique experiment with currency notes(1970) Isaac Teoh, The Star, January-February, p7.
- ^ The numismatic aspects of leprosy(1993), McFadden, RR, Grost J, Marr DF. p.21 D.C.McDonald Associates, Inc. U.S.A.
- ^ The numismatic aspects of leprosy(1993), p54.
- ^ The numismatic aspects of leprosy(1993),p.58.
- ^ Kue Issho (1979) Ikko Sha, Tokyo
- ^ Akebonono Shiokaze(1998) Nihon Bunkyo Shuppan, Okayama
- ^ Unique experiment with currency notes(1970) Isaac Teoh, The Star, January-February, p7.
- ^ The history of Iriomote Coal Mines (1996), Takeshi Miki, Nihonkeizai Hyoronsha, Tokyo