Kochis: Difference between revisions
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Kuchis were also favored by the Kings of Afghanistan, themselves of Pashtun origin, since the late 1880s. They were awarded "firman," or royal proclamations, granting them use of summer pastures all over Afghanistan in a long-lasting [[Pashtunization]] campaign.<ref>Lansford, Tom (2003) A Bitter Harvest: US foreign policy and Afghanistan Ashgate, Aldershot, Hants, England, ISBN 0-7546-3615-1, page 16: "The modern history of Afghanistan has witnessed a "Pashtunization" of the state as the customs, traditions and language of the Pashtuns have combined with the groups political power to erode the distinctive underpinnings of Afghanistan's other groups.FN20". FN20 cites: US, Department of the Army, Afghanistan: A Country Study, 5th ed. reprint (Washington, DC.: GPO, 1985) page 108.</ref><ref>O. Roy, Ethnic Identity and Political Expression in Northern Afghanistan, in Muslims in Central Asia: Expressions of Identity and Change, 1992, ISBN 0-8223-1190-9.</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=FApipiENsgwC&pg=PA36&dq=Tarzi+nationalism&sig=ACfU3U2ExeSf4rMrbB3pQHXeI_nayeCdqg Afghanistan], by Gilles Dorronsoro</ref> During the Taliban era, Kuchis were a main factor and supporter of the [[Taliban]] and their leader [[Mohammed Omar]]<ref>http://www.theage.com.au/news/world/wandering-kuchis-pay-for-their-taliban-links/2005/08/26/1124563029556.html</ref> As a result, the northern ethnic groups ([[Hazara people|Hazara]], [[Tājik people|Tajiks]], [[Uzbeks]] and [[Turkmen people|Turkmens]]) have a long-standing distrust of the Kuchi. This political dispute has been deepened over the decades of Kuchi [[transhumance]], whereby some Kuchis became absentee landlords in their summer areas in the north through customary seizure procedures to attach debtors' land.{{Citation needed|date=January 2010}} However, the Kuchis themselves see the northern minority groups as a non-Afghan race, and claims the Kochis were natives of northern Afghan region, and that during many years of invasion such as [[Genghis Khan]] and [[Timur]], they escaped south.{{Citation needed|date=January 2010}} |
Kuchis were also favored by the Kings of Afghanistan, themselves of Pashtun origin, since the late 1880s. They were awarded "firman," or royal proclamations, granting them use of summer pastures all over Afghanistan in a long-lasting [[Pashtunization]] campaign.<ref>Lansford, Tom (2003) A Bitter Harvest: US foreign policy and Afghanistan Ashgate, Aldershot, Hants, England, ISBN 0-7546-3615-1, page 16: "The modern history of Afghanistan has witnessed a "Pashtunization" of the state as the customs, traditions and language of the Pashtuns have combined with the groups political power to erode the distinctive underpinnings of Afghanistan's other groups.FN20". FN20 cites: US, Department of the Army, Afghanistan: A Country Study, 5th ed. reprint (Washington, DC.: GPO, 1985) page 108.</ref><ref>O. Roy, Ethnic Identity and Political Expression in Northern Afghanistan, in Muslims in Central Asia: Expressions of Identity and Change, 1992, ISBN 0-8223-1190-9.</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=FApipiENsgwC&pg=PA36&dq=Tarzi+nationalism&sig=ACfU3U2ExeSf4rMrbB3pQHXeI_nayeCdqg Afghanistan], by Gilles Dorronsoro</ref> During the Taliban era, Kuchis were a main factor and supporter of the [[Taliban]] and their leader [[Mohammed Omar]]<ref>http://www.theage.com.au/news/world/wandering-kuchis-pay-for-their-taliban-links/2005/08/26/1124563029556.html</ref> As a result, the northern ethnic groups ([[Hazara people|Hazara]], [[Tājik people|Tajiks]], [[Uzbeks]] and [[Turkmen people|Turkmens]]) have a long-standing distrust of the Kuchi. This political dispute has been deepened over the decades of Kuchi [[transhumance]], whereby some Kuchis became absentee landlords in their summer areas in the north through customary seizure procedures to attach debtors' land.{{Citation needed|date=January 2010}} However, the Kuchis themselves see the northern minority groups as a non-Afghan race, and claims the Kochis were natives of northern Afghan region, and that during many years of invasion such as [[Genghis Khan]] and [[Timur]], they escaped south.{{Citation needed|date=January 2010}} |
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==Kuchis attack to Hazarajat== |
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==Vulnerability== |
==Vulnerability== |
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[[File:US specialist helping Afghan nomads.jpg|thumb|200px|[[United States Army|US army]] medic vaccinating Kuchi children, [[Gardez]], 2003.]] |
[[File:US specialist helping Afghan nomads.jpg|thumb|200px|[[United States Army|US army]] medic vaccinating Kuchi children, [[Gardez]], 2003.]] |
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Revision as of 09:21, 20 May 2010
 | This article's factual accuracy is disputed. (January 2010) |
Kuchis (from the Persian word Koch meaning "migration"), are Afghan Pashtun nomads, primarily from the Ghilzai, Kakar, Lodi, Ahmadzai as well as some Durrani tribes, but occasionally there may also be some Baloch people among them.[1] In the local native Pashto language the term is Kochian.
Description
There are three million Kuchis in Afghanistan, with at least 60% remaining fully nomadic, and over 100,000 have been displaced due to natural disasters such as flood and drought in the past few years.[1]
"The nomads and semi-nomads, generally called Kuchi in Afghanistan, mostly keep sheep and goats. The produce of the animals (meat, dairy products, hair and wool) is exchanged or sold in order to purchase grain, vegetables, fruit and other products of settled life. In this way an extensive network of exchange has developed along the main routes annually followed by the nomads. The merchant Powindah (Ghalji) [or Ghalzai] Pashtuns used to move annually from the Afghanistan mountains to the valley of the Indus and hence deep into India. These long-distance migrations were stopped in the early 1960s when the border with Afghanistan and Pakistan were closed. In recent decades, migrations inside Afghanistan continue, although trucks are now often being used to livestock and family from one place to another."[2]
History
| History of Afghanistan |
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| Timeline |
Kuchis historically abstained from politics, because they are nomadic, but under Afghanistan's constitution, they were given ten seats in parliament.[citation needed] Hashmat Ghani Ahmadzai is one of the famous individual who belongs to this ethnic tribe.[3] Provisions are written into the Afghanistan Constitution (Article 14) aimed at improving the welfare of Kuchis, including provisions for housing, representation, and education.[4] According to the United Nations High Commission for Refugees, before the 30 years of war, Kuchis owned 30 per cent of the country's goats and sheep and most of the camels for years, and they were largely responsible for the supply of slaughter animals, wool, ghee and quroot to the national economy.[5]
Kuchis were also favored by the Kings of Afghanistan, themselves of Pashtun origin, since the late 1880s. They were awarded "firman," or royal proclamations, granting them use of summer pastures all over Afghanistan in a long-lasting Pashtunization campaign.[6][7][8] During the Taliban era, Kuchis were a main factor and supporter of the Taliban and their leader Mohammed Omar[9] As a result, the northern ethnic groups (Hazara, Tajiks, Uzbeks and Turkmens) have a long-standing distrust of the Kuchi. This political dispute has been deepened over the decades of Kuchi transhumance, whereby some Kuchis became absentee landlords in their summer areas in the north through customary seizure procedures to attach debtors' land.[citation needed] However, the Kuchis themselves see the northern minority groups as a non-Afghan race, and claims the Kochis were natives of northern Afghan region, and that during many years of invasion such as Genghis Khan and Timur, they escaped south.[citation needed]
Kuchis attack to Hazarajat
Vulnerability
The Kuchis have been identified by the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan as one of the largest vulnerable populations in the country. As Afghanistan's population grows, competing claims over summer pastures, both for rainfed cultivation and for grazing of the settled communities' livestock, have created conflict over land across central and northern Afghanistan. Paying head-count fees for each animal crossing someone else's property is exacting a harsh economic toll on the Kuchi way of life, one that is already having to contend with recurrent droughts that are now occurring with increasing frequency.[10][11]
See also
Footnotes
- ^ a b Kuchi, ethnic identity, on nps.edu
- ^ Vogelsang (2002), p. 15.
- ^ http://www.theage.com.au/news/world/wandering-kuchis-pay-for-their-taliban-links/2005/08/26/1124563029556.html
- ^ http://www.afghan-web.com/politics/current_constitution.html
- ^ UNHCR, Formation of 4 Kuchi sheep/goat breeders’ service centres, Durable solutions for Kuchi IDP's in the south of Afghanistan: Options and opportunities, Asia Consultants International, pg. 15
- ^ Lansford, Tom (2003) A Bitter Harvest: US foreign policy and Afghanistan Ashgate, Aldershot, Hants, England, ISBN 0-7546-3615-1, page 16: "The modern history of Afghanistan has witnessed a "Pashtunization" of the state as the customs, traditions and language of the Pashtuns have combined with the groups political power to erode the distinctive underpinnings of Afghanistan's other groups.FN20". FN20 cites: US, Department of the Army, Afghanistan: A Country Study, 5th ed. reprint (Washington, DC.: GPO, 1985) page 108.
- ^ O. Roy, Ethnic Identity and Political Expression in Northern Afghanistan, in Muslims in Central Asia: Expressions of Identity and Change, 1992, ISBN 0-8223-1190-9.
- ^ Afghanistan, by Gilles Dorronsoro
- ^ http://www.theage.com.au/news/world/wandering-kuchis-pay-for-their-taliban-links/2005/08/26/1124563029556.html
- ^ http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayarticleNew.asp?section=todaysfeatures&xfile=data/todaysfeatures/2008/August/todaysfeatures_August9.xml
- ^ http://wardak.net/2008/08/05/afghan-settlers-nomads-fight-over.html
References
- Vogelsang, Willem. 2002. The Afghans. Blackwell Publishers, Oxford. ISBN 0-631-19841-5
External links
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